List of Star Wars species (K–O)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This is a list of Star Wars species, containing the names of fictional sentient species from the Star Wars franchise beginning with the letters K to O. Star Wars is an American epic space opera film series created by George Lucas. The first film in the series, Star Wars, was released on May 25, 1977, and became a worldwide pop culture phenomenon, followed by five sequels, three prequels, nine animated television shows, and five live action television series. Many species of alien creatures (often humanoid) are depicted.

Kaleesh

The Kaleesh are a nomadic and politically neutral race from the planet Kalee. A bipedal reptilian species, the Kaleesh have reddish-brown scaly skin and cover almost all their bodies (they usually leave their four-fingered claws exposed) to protect them from Kalee's blistering sun. The Kaleesh are also renowned for their warrior culture and combat prowess. Most of them wear masks that are carved from the skulls of the planet's most feared creatures such as the karabac and the mumuu.[1]

General Grievous is an example of a Kaleesh.

Kaminoan

Kaminoans are tall, thin, pale-skinned aliens, with distinctively long necks, which live on the isolated planet of

Darth Tyranus
erased all traces of the planet Kamino from the Jedi archives.

Kaminoans developed the

Grand Army of the Republic, as shown in Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones. They resemble the stereotypical image of grey aliens
in their face and limbs, and engage in similar activities that seem to revolve around genetics and physical experiments with their test subjects.

Kaminoans were able to see colours in the ultraviolet and the infrared spectrum. While to

human
eyes the halls of the Kaminoan cities were spotless white, to the Kaminoans they were vividly coloured.

Lama Su
are examples of Kaminoans.

Kilji

The Kilji are a species of religious zealots who reside in the galaxy's Unknown Regions; their home is the Kilji homeland, from which the Kiljis' nation, the Kilji Illumine, engages in its conquests of enlightenment. The Kiljis have wrinkly, dark orange skin that stretches in patterns that reflect a Kilji's emotions, and soft, dark brown hair.

Karkarodon

The Karkarodon are a race of shark-like sentients from the world of Karkaris. They were first introduced in Star Wars: the Clone Wars. The species are known to be fast swimmers, often ripping apart their enemies with their teeth.

Kel Dor

The Kel Dor, sometimes referred to as Kel Dorians, hail from the planet Dorin. They require masks to protect them from

Plo Koon
.

Keshiri

The Keshiri are a near-human species from the Wild Space planet of Kesh. Their characteristics include purple or lavender coloured skin and hair colours which include silver and white shades. About five thousand years before the Battle of Yavin, a Sith starship crash landed on Kesh; the crew, who came to become known as the Lost Tribe of Sith, subsequently subjugated the Keshiri, some of whom eventually joined the Sith. The Keshiri were introduced in the Fate of the Jedi novels.

Kiffar

The Kiffar are a near-human species from the Azurbani system, including Kiffu and Kiffex. The Jedi Master Quinlan Vos was a Kiffar. Their characteristics include dark, tanned skin and long thick dark hair, usually worn in dreadlocks, and some have ceremonial tattoos. One in a hundred Kiffar inherits a psychometric talent to read the history of objects that they touch. The Kiffar are clannish and their strongest members comprise an order known as the Guardians, which are rather powerful.[4]

Kitonak

Droopy McCool, a Kitonak

Kitonaks (also known as Kirdans) are white, pudgy aliens from Kirdo III. They show a tough skin which folds to seal vulnerable openings, a trait evolved to protect them from the harsh environment of Kirdo's deserts. They also have some double organs, including two pairs of lungs.[citation needed]

Droopy McCool
of the Max Rebo Band, Anarc, Kruc, and Terno are the only known Kitonaks.

Klatooinian

Klatooinians come from the planet Klatooine. When the Hutts were waging a war against Xim the Despot, they looked for help on some planets. As a result, the Hutts asked the Klatooinians to become part of their army. Since the Klatooinians thought it was some kind of sacred war, their leader Barada M'Beg signed a treaty so that the Klatooinians would be slaves of the Hutts forever. After defeating Xim, Klatooinians remained slaves of the Hutts. Most of their children are named Barada to honour Barada M'Beg.[5]

One of the thugs on

The Day the Earth Stood Still. One Klatooinian Jedi
is Tarados Gon. He can be seen in Attack of the Clones during the Battle of Geonosis.

In The Mandalorian episode 4, "The Sanctuary". Some Klatooinian bandits raid a small villager on the planet Sorgan. They somehow acquire an imperial AT-ST walker. Fortunately the Mandalorian and Cara Dune were able to take them out and save the village.

Kobok

Kobok were an insectoid species that live on planet Koboth. They have two orange compound eyes and three-fingers. One famous face was Gaff, a representative in the New Republic.[6]

Kowakian monkey-lizard

The Kowakian monkey-lizards are a

Salacious B. Crumb was one of the most famous Kowakian monkey-lizards, as he is the only one seen
in any of the Star Wars movies.

An unnamed, fuchsia-skinned Kowakian monkey-lizard appears in 2 episodes of

Weequay
pirates.

Another Kowakian monkey-lizard is seen roasting on a spit at a market in the first episode of The Mandalorian as a second monkey lizard watches from a nearby cage.

Kubaz

The Kubaz are an insect-eating species with long snouts, that have been known to be informants for the Empire.[citation needed] One such Kubaz, by the name of Garindan, led Imperial stormtroopers to the droids on Tatooine in A New Hope. Because of their diet, the insectoid Verpine have a marked distrust of the Kubaz who have often taken great steps to procure Verpine specimens for their suppers.[citation needed]

Kurtzen

The Kurtzen are a pale, hairless, humanoid race from

human colonists.[citation needed
]

Kushiban

Jedi Master Ikrit is Kushiban

Kushiban are small rabbit-like creatures that live on Kushibah in the

Star Wars galaxy. Distinguishing features include large black eyes, floppy ears, and a long tail. They are capable of walking on either their hind legs or on all fours, though to move more quickly in a run or a charge, they must run with all four appendages. On their hind legs they stand at 0.5 meters or 1.6404 feet tall, with an extra 0.3 meters' worth of tail. While often mistaken for cute, pet-like animals, they are actually intelligent beings with a complex culture as well as both a written and spoken language. They have mastered fire (used to frighten away hostile, fire-fearing Xinkras) and can use technology. Rather than paws, they have hands with opposable thumbs and feet. As a means of communication, Kushibans' fur changes color in correlation to its mood. A Kushiban in a calm, normal state of emotions is white; a Kushiban in the deepest of despairs is totally black.[citation needed
]

While they tend to stay on Kushibah, the occasional Kushiban is called away by wanderlust or a specific need. Jedi Master Ikrit is the most famous of the Kushiban who have done so.[citation needed]

Kwa

The Kwa were an ancient, blue-skinned race that lived on the planet

Dathomir
. They created the Star Temples and the Infinity Gate on Dathomir around 100,000 BBY. Over time the Kwa sealed their temples and left large wuffa worms to guard them. Nobody really knows what happened to the Kwa, but the ones that were on Dathomir devolved into the primitive Kwi.

Kwi

A primitive, blue-skinned, saurians species native to Dathomir, the Kwi degenerated from the Kwa, the masterminds behind the Star Temples and Infinity Gate on Dathomir. In 31 BBY, many Kwi were slaughtered by the Nightsisters of Dathomir in an attempt, by the

Nightsisters
, to unlock the power of the Infinity Gate. By the time
Prince Isolder
landed on Dathomir in 8 ABY, the Kwi had split up into different tribes, two of which were the Blue Mountain People and the Blue Desert People.

Kyuzo

The Kyuzo are a race of humanoid creatures. They have green skin and have masks to filter out moisture. A famous Kyuzo is the bounty hunter

Embo
.

Lannik

The Lannik are a race of tan skinned humanoids from a planet of the same name. They have long ears, similar to

Even Piell
, a member of the Jedi Council.

Lasat

The Lasat are a crafty and sneaky sentient species from Lasan. They are stronger, swifter and stealthier than humans. Their planet was taken over by the Empire who committed a mass genocide on its people. The Lasat's origin is from the planet

Lira San
(the Lasats' true homeworld), and sometime in between they settled the planet Lasan. At some point Lasan was destroyed by the Empire. The Lasani honor guard carry bo rifles, a unique weapon which is a cross between an electro staff and a blaster rifle. Imperial special agent Alexsandr Kallus was the only human to wield a bow rifle, a source of conflict between him and the rebel Zeb Orrelios.

Jaro Tapal was a Lasat Jedi Master who appeared in the 2019 video game Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order.

Zeb Orrelios from Star Wars: Rebels
is a Lasat.

Lepi

The Lepi are a rabbit-like species that stand on two legs.

This was the Basic name used to describe the Lepus carnivorus, a species of tall, furred lagomorphs which was native to the planet Coachelle Prime. The Lepi were a carnivorous race, distinguished by their large incisors and the various colours of their fur, which ranged from green to dark blue. Despite their appearance, the Lepi were a technologically advanced race, having achieved spaceflight and colonized the five planets in the system and the neighbouring asteroid belt. Lepi were considered sexually mature at just ten years of age, and females often gave birth to litters of three dozen or more offspring, resulting in a swift growth in their population. This growth spurred on the development of their space-travel technology, as colony worlds were seen as a response to overpopulation of Coachelle Prime. Individual Lepi were known for their increased metabolism, a trait that often manifested itself as hyper-activity[citation needed]

The only known reference to the Lepi in Star Wars media is the character Jaxxon, who appeared in the original Marvel Star Wars comics in the late 1970s. He referred to himself as a "meat-eatin', rocket-ridin' rabbit", and his ship the Rabbit's Foot bore a vague resemblance to the Millennium Falcon.

There was also the native language of the Lepus carnivorus race, which was also referred to as Lepp or Lepese.[citation needed]

Letaki

The Letaki are a race from the planet Letaki in the Star Wars universe. Letaki have eight tentacles and egg-shaped heads.

Evar Orbus
is an example of a male Letaki.

Lurmen

The Lurmen (also known as Mygeetans) are a diminutive, pacifistic

Wag Too
. Lurmen were able to cover large amounts of ground at great speed.

Most Lurmen were pacifistic by nature and refused to fight or run even in the face of death. They often would hide instead of using violence. As pacifists, they carried no weapons but carried farming tools or ropes. When some Lurmen fought the Separatists, alongside Ahsoka Tano and Anakin Skywalker, they refrained from ever destroying or killing the enemy, choosing instead to restrain the droids for the Jedi to finish off. Their farming tools were used mostly as a leverage tool in these tactics and to provide something to tie the rope to, though sometimes they were used as a weapon for striking an enemy.

Massassi

The Massassi were an ancient primitive warrior race that were enslaved by the

Exar Kun sapped the life out of every Massassi on Yavin 4 so that he could free his soul from his body in order to escape the pursuing Jedi. Only one Massassi, named Kalgrath, survived[citation needed
].

During the

X-wings and Y-wings attacked and destroyed the first Death Star
.

In 22 ABY (After the

Tahiri Veila were led by the Force to find a large golden globe deep inside a Massassi temple on Yavin 4
. Inside the globe were the imprisoned souls of Massassi children whom the young Jedi candidates eventually freed with guidance from Jedi Master Ikrit.

Melodie

The Melodies are an

Junior Jedi Knights
series. Melodies are hatched from eggs, then live on land for a short time during their youth, and at a certain age, Melodies undergo a ritual called a Changing Ceremony, in which they change forms that will no longer enable them to live on land.

When

Tahiri Veila
(who had come to Yavin 8 with Lyric, a student from the Academy who was about to undergo the Changing Ceremony) to decipher the carvings. The information helped them to ultimately free the imprisoned Massassi children later in the Junior Jedi Knights series.

Mimbanite

An alien species from Circarpous V, the Mimbanites were related to the

Coway. When the Empire took control of their planet, they thought this species was not suited for the physical demands of slavery.[citation needed
]

Miraluka

An alien race almost exactly the same in appearance as

Jedi Exile
.

Miralukas' adopted homeworld is

infra-red
spectrum, and this led to the Miraluka losing their ability to see visible light over thousands of generations. Instead, they came to rely on a latent ability to perceive the world through the Force.

A colony world of the Miraluka named Katarr was stripped of all life by a Sith Lord named

Visas Marr
, who later became the servant of Darth Nihilus and then followed the Jedi Exile and helped destroy Darth Nihilus and his ship.

Notable Miraluka include former

Dark Jedi
Jerec.

Mirialan

The Mirialan race is a species native to the planet Mirial. They have purer eye colours than humans, some have either paler or darker skin colours, and tattoos covering some part of their face that represent individual achievement in some field. They have extrasensory organs on their heads, sensitive to dryness.

; one male Mirialan Jedi master named Ardray was featured in the MMORPG game Star Wars: The Old Republic.

Mon Calamari

The Mon Calamari are an amphibious humanoid race from the planet Mon Calamari. They typically have salmon-coloured skin but can also have shades of blue, green, or purple. They have a high-domed head, large eyes, and webbed hands. Their eyes are positioned toward the sides of their heads, forcing them to turn to see nearby objects. They can breathe underwater up to 30 meters deep and coexist with the

calamari
(squid). They wear modern Republic-style clothing, while the Quarren prefer traditional robes.

During the

lances
armed with blasters.

During the

Wings of the Master
".

Mon Calamari are a playable species in

Star Wars: Galaxies
. In the
Star Wars: Legacy comic, Darth Krayt launched an attack on the Mon Calamari and wiped almost all of them out through gassing, making the Mon Calamari an endangered people in this continuity.

Mustafarian

Mustafarians are the native inhabitants of

Mustafar. They have leathery skin with a cloak and a trunk. Not much else is known about this species as they live in seclusion. They are believed to be sentient and are able to withstand extreme temperatures. They have saddles for lava fleas and carry defensive laser rifles. As a manhood ritual they leap across "water-falls" of magma wearing no protection. When the Techno Union established mining facilities on the planet, many of the Mustafarians took up jobs as workers at one of the many mining facilities.[citation needed
]

Muun

A thin, tall species from

Muunilinst
, Muuns have pasty-white skin. Their bodies are elongated and thin, with equally elongated and thin heads. Muuns do not like travelling, and they usually stay indoors. Muuns are also known for having long life. Muuns controlled the InterGalactic Banking Clan. During the Clone Wars, Muuns helped the Separatists and minted new coins for planets leaving the Republic.

Notable Muun were

San Hill. Darth Plagueis had the ability to use the dark side of the force to influence midi-chlorians to create life and to prevent people from dying, the only Force user to have such a power.[a]

Myneyrsh

A four-armed, crystal-skinned alien species indigenous to the planet

]

Myriad

The Myriad are an ancient race of highly intelligent cybernetic beings. Their true form is not known because the cybernetic implants vary. Their home world is the planet

Trieron
They have no affiliation with any one group, but serve all races.

Nagai

The Nagai are aliens with pale skin, jet-black hair and angular features, they lived on the planet

Nagi, beyond the borders of the Old Republic and the Empire. They were originally known as "Knives". They were natural enemies of the Tof, usually waging wars against them. They are habitually forgetful, particularly regarding things that pertain to annual events.[11]

Darth Nihl is a Nagai.

Nautolan

Nautolans are amphibious humanoids with a range of skin colours from greens to blues and greys, a cartilage-reinforced skeleton, and shark-like eyes. Instead of hair, a Nautolan sports a crown of long tendrils, 14 to be exact (used to discern the feelings and moods of those around them. These appendages are almost useless out of water unless, like

Kit Fisto
, said Nautolan is used to environmental change).

Their homeworld is Glee Anselm, a planet of vast swamps, lakes, and seas located in the Mid Rim. However Nautolans are relatively common at any space port.

Nautolans reflect the moods of those around them. When confronted by anger and violence, they respond in kind. When approached in a calm, civilized manner, they seem helpful and polite.[citation needed]

Jedi Master

Kit Fisto
was a Nautolan.

Neimoidian

Neimoidians are the most visible villains of the film The Phantom Menace. According to the

Trade Federation
.

Neimoidians are born as grubs and placed in communal hives until the age of seven. Inadequate food is fed to young Neimoidians in order to encourage acquisitiveness. Those who hoard enough food survive while those who do not hoard die. Even as adults, Neimoidians tend to be greedy, possessive, and fearful of death. Eventually, the grubs learn that to survive, they must kill each other; therefore out of the many grubs that are born, very few survive.[citation needed]

Neimoidians have been stereotyped by other races in the galaxy as corrupt and greedy, particularly after the Battle of Naboo. They are certainly willing to resort to extortion, lies, and manipulation, but their success also lies in exceptional organizational abilities. Training in the organization revolves around Neimoidia's mass hives and huge fungus farms. The Neimoidians do not view themselves as wicked, but rather focused on being the best they can be in their society. The Trade Federation army is employed only when "future customers" do not realize their "best interest" in trading with Neimoidians, in Neimoidian terms.[citation needed]

However, following the battle of their homeworld, many of their grub hatcheries were destroyed by Clone Troopers late into the Clone Wars, in which they were quickly adaptable to the impact of their culture. So they then associated themselves with their Duro cousins, first by destroying the remaining communal hives and burning down all the fungus farms in order to distance themselves from millennia of internal oppression.

Neimoidian culture is extremely hierarchical. Although the monarch of the Neimoidians is never seen in the films, every Neimoidian ship carries a hologram of her. Amongst the seen Neimoidians, clothing denotes status:

  • Lott Dod wears a tall diplomatic ploov and a purple representative's
    mantle
    over a very expensive robe of Tyrian violet cloth.
  • Nute Gunray, Commanding Viceroy of the Federation army, wears a showy crested tiara and blue viceroy's collar
    .
  • Rune Haako, legal counsel to Nute, wears an attorney's cowl
    .
  • Daultay Dofine, captain of the flagship vessel for the Naboo invasion, wears a tall command officer's mitre.
  • An unnamed Neimoidian wears a lavender collar identifying him as a financial officer.
  • The most exalted Neimoidians rank a walking mechno-chair. Neither comfortable nor practical, techno-chairs are very expensive beetle-like seats that can carry lazy Neimoidians or project hologram transmissions. Neimoidians also employ a number of prestigious
    TC-14. TC-14 is kept docile through frequent memory wipes and is employed to distract guests while the Neimoidians devise manipulation strategies.[citation needed
    ]

In contrast to the rare and showy

battle droids controlled through a central computer
. This unquestioning reliance on a central control is what will ultimately spell failure for the mechanized army.
Geonosis
, where the droids are mass-produced.

Much like many of the

Original Star Wars Trilogy were given British accents, some Neimoidians have been given Thai accents.[12]

Nelvaanian

Canine-muzzled humanoids introduced in Season 3 of the animated series

Anakin Skywalker, who was referred to by the race as "Holt Kezed" ("Ghost Hand" in their language
), would free them as he destroyed the Separatist base. Following this, Anakin killed all Techno-Union scientists there and managed to bring the mutated Nelvaanians back to their tribe.

On a behind-the-scenes note, the name "Nelvaanian" may be a reference to

Star Wars: Ewoks
animated features for Lucasfilm. Nelvana's logo is a blue polar bear.

Neti

The Neti were a race of sentient shape-shifting tree-like beings from Rykk. Jedi Master Ood Bnar was a Neti.[13]

Nikto

The Nikto people are a humanoid species from the planet

The Child in the episode "Chapter 1: The Mandalorian" of The Mandalorian
.

In the 2016 novel

The bombardment of Kintan by stellar radiation from the explosion of a nearby star had sparked rapid evolution in its native species. For several centuries, the Niktos were ruled over by a violent and fanatical religious organization called the Cult of M'dweshuu, which was much despised by the majority of Kintan's population. When the Hutts were waging a war against Xim the Despot, they saw the Niktos' situation as an opportunity to recruit another servant species into their army. A fleet of Huttese starships bombarded the Cult of M'dweshuu's stronghold from orbit, wiping it out, and the grateful Niktos eagerly signed the Treaty of Vontor, placing themselves in servitude to the Hutts indefinitely.[citation needed]

Noghri

The Noghri are a primitive humanoid species with steely gray skin. They are extremely skilled assassins due to their innate abilities at stealth and hand-to-hand combat. Like the Wookiees, they respect honor above all else.

The Noghri are natives of the planet

Honoghr, which was ravaged by toxins from a Trade Federation core ship destroyed in battle during the Clone Wars. Darth Vader visited the planet some time later under the guise of helping it recover from the ecological disaster, in exchange recruiting most of the young males of the planet into a bond of servitude as the personal assassins of Emperor Palpatine
.

With the Noghri still in service to the

Rukh
turns on him and stabs him.

Following the death of Thrawn, the Noghri ally themselves with the

Yuuzhan Vong strike force.[citation needed] Much like Chewbacca did with Han Solo
, the Noghri always make sure Leia has bodyguards.

The Noghri appear extensively in the Thrawn trilogy of novels, written by Timothy Zahn, and are also playable in the Forces of Corruption Expansion for Star Wars Empire at War, armed with disrupter rifles.

Nosaurian

Nosaurians are reptilian creatures that have spikes on their head and beaklike mouths. One notable Nosaurian is the Podracer Clegg Holdfast.

Ogemite

The Ogemite are a near-Human avian race native to the planet Ogem. They have yellow skin and short, blond, feather-like hair, similar to the Omwati.

Omwati

Although the Omwati are not a branch of humanity, the differences are extremely small. The Omwati skin is a bluish color and their eyes are generally blue or black. The size of an adult Omwati borders that of a human, although their morphology is typically slightly frailer with regard to females. There are very few Omwati with a stout physiology. Their most striking characteristic is their "hair" which appears to be made of small, diaphanous feathers of an iridescent color. Omwati do not have any other hair.[citation needed]

The Omwati rarely left their homeworld and rarely took part in galactic events, until Wilhuff Tarkin enslaved the youngest of their species to serve as Imperial scientists. Qwi Xux is perhaps the best-known member of the Omwati species. She was a researcher at the Imperial Maw Installation and a principal designer of the Death Star. The Rogue Jedi

Kyp Durron ripped her memories of both this technology and her past from her mind.[citation needed
]

Ongree

The Ongree are a bizarre looking species from the Skustell Cluster. The Jedi Pablo-Jill was an Ongree.[citation needed]

Ortolan

Max Rebo, head of The Max Rebo Band, contracted to play in Jabba the Hutt's Tatooine palace. Possessing a love of food and music, these small aliens are also adept at surviving the frigid temperatures of their homeworld Orto.[20]

Oswaft

Large manta-ray like creatures that were encountered by Lando Calrissian during his early adventures in the Outer Rim. They live in a nebula called ThonBoka where they are nourished by nutrients from their sun. They live in the vacuum of space and have the unusual ability to travel through hyperspace for short distances. If an Oswaft is deprived of nutrients from a star for too long it will turn opaque and die.[citation needed] They can also subsist on the waste products of spaceships such as the Millennium Falcon and produce waste in the form of valuable minerals.

See also

References

Notes

Sources

  1. ^ "Grievous, General: The Expanded Universe". Star Wars: Databank. Lucasfilm. 2006. Retrieved August 11, 2006.
  2. ^ "Kaminoan". StarWars.com. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
  3. ^ "Plo Koon". Star Wars: Databank. Lucasfilm. 2006. Retrieved September 23, 2006.
  4. ^ "Star Wars Inside Intel: Quinlan Vos". StarWars.com. February 28, 2022. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
  5. ^ "Klatooinian". StarWars.com. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
  6. ^ "Gaff". Star Wars: Databank. Lucasfilm. 2006. Retrieved September 23, 2006.
  7. ^ "Lurmen". StarWars.com. Retrieved June 17, 2022.
  8. ^ Star Wars: Attack of the Clones, The Visual Dictionary, p.61
  9. ^ "Mirialan". StarWars.com. June 16, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2016.
  10. ^ "Mon Calamari". Star Wars: Databank. Lucasfilm. 2006. Retrieved September 23, 2006.
  11. ^ Star Wars #103 (January 1986). Marvel Comics.
  12. ^ Lucasfilm (May 30, 2002). "Silas Carson: Hero with a Thousand Faces". Lucas Online. Archived from the original on January 3, 2008.
  13. .
  14. ^ "Databank: Nikto (Green)". StarWars.com. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
  15. ^ a b "Databank: Nikto (Red)". StarWars.com. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
  16. ^ "Databank: Klaatu". StarWars.com. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
  17. ^ "Databank: Ima-Gun Di". StarWars.com. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
  18. ^ Agar, Chris (May 11, 2016). "The Biggest Revelations From Star Wars: Bloodline". Screenrant.com. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  19. Blastr
    . Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  20. .

External links