List of marine molluscs of South Africa
The list of marine
Molluscs are the largest
Gastropoda
See List of marine gastropods of South Africa
Bivalvia
- Nucula nucleus Linnaeus, 1758[1]
Mytilidae – Mussels
- Estuarine mussel Arcuatula capensis (Cape Agulhas to Mozambique)[2]
- Ribbed mussel
- Brack-water mussel Brachidontes virgiliae (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[2]
- Semistriated mussel Brachidontes semistriatus (Port Elizabeth to Mozambique)[2]
- Black mussel Choromytilus meridionalis (Namibia to Tsitsikamma)[2][3]
- Half-hairy mussel
- Ear mussel Modiolus auriculatus (Port Elizabeth to Mozambique)[2]
- Mediterranean mussel
- Brown mussel Perna perna (Cape Point to Mozambique)[2]
- Ledge mussel Septifer bilocularis (Port Elizabeth to Mozambique)[2]
- Arca avellana Lamarck, 1819 (Port Elizabeth to Mozambique)[2]
- Arca navicularis Brughiere, 1789[1]
- Arca tortuosa Linnaeus 1758[1]
- Barbatia candida (Helbling, 1779) syn. Arca helblingi[1]
- Oblique ark shell Barbatia obliquata (Cape Columbine to Mozambique)[2]
- Striarca symmetrica (Port Elizabeth to Mozambique)[2]
Pinnidae – Pen shells
- Horse mussel Atrina squamifera (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape)[2][3]
- Pinna muricata (Port Elizabeth to Mozambique)[2]
- Hyotissa numisma (Transkei to Mozambique)[2]
Ostreidae – True oysters
- Weed oyster Ostrea algoensis Sowerby, 1871[1]
- Ostrea atherstonei (Saldanha Bay to KwaZulu-Natal south coast)[2]
- Natal rock oyster Saccostrea cuccullata (Port Elizabeth to Mozambique)[2] (syn. Crassostrea cuccullata)
- Cape rock oyster Striostrea margaritacea (Cape Point to Mozambique)[2]
Anomiidae – Saddle oysters
- Saddle oyster Anomia achaeus (Port Elizabeth to Mozambique)[2]
Gryphaeidae – Honeycomb oysters
Pteriidae – Pearl oysters
- Cape pearl oyster Pinctada capensis (Cape Agulhas to Mozambique)[2]
- Scallop Pecten sulcicostatus (Cape Point to Eastern Cape)[2][3]
Limidae – File shells
- File shell Limaria tuberculata (Cape Columbine to KwaZulu-Natal south coast)[2]
- Cockle Trachycardium flavum (Central KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[2]
- Trachycardium rubicundum (Eastern Transkei to Mozambique)[2]
- Giant clam Tridacna squamosa (Northern KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[2]
- Tridacna maxima (Zululand)[2]
Mactridae – Trough shells
- Otter shell Lutraria lutraria (Namibia to Eastern Cape)[2]
- Smooth trough shell Mactra glabrata (Cape Columbine to Mozambique)[2]
- Angular surf clam Scissodesma spengleri (Cape Point to Eastern Cape)[2]
- Rectangular false cockle Cardita variegata (Mossel Bay to Mozambique)[2]
- Dead man's hands Thecalia concamerata (Port Nolloth to Transkei)[2]
- Rough false cockle Carditella rugosa (Mossel Bay to central KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
- Carditella capensis (West coast)[2]
- Pencil bait Solen capensis (Namaqualand to Eastern Cape)[2]
- Solen cylindraceus (Transkei to Mozambique)[2]
- Smooth platter shell Loripes clausus Philippi 1848 (Mossel Bay to Mozambique)[2]
- Toothless platter shell Anodontia edentula Linnaeus 1758 (Mossel Bay to Mozambique)[2]
- Dwarf rusty clam Lasaea adansoni turtoni (Cape Point to Mozambique) Gmelin 1791[2]
- Tellimya trigona (West coast)[2]
- Ridged tellin Gastrana matadoa (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
- Littoral tellin Macoma litoralis (Mossel Bay to Mozambique)[2]
- Port Alfred tellin Tellina alfredensis Linnaeus 1758 (Cape Point to KwaZulu-Natal south coast)[2]
- Tellina capsoides (Durban to Mozambique)[2]
- Gilchrist's tellin Tellina gilchristi (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape)[2]
- Tellina trilatera (Orange river to Transkei)[2]
- Shipworm Bankia carinata (Mossel Bay to Mozambique)[2]
Donacidae – Wedge shells
- Donax bipartitus (East London to Mozambique)[2]
- Round ended wedge shell Donax burnupi (Cape Point to Mozambique)[2]
- Slippery wedge shell Donax lubricus (Port Alfred to Mozambique)[2]
- Ridged wedge shell Donax madagscariensis (Transkei to Mozambique)[2]
- White mussel or Wedge shell Donax serra (Namibia to Transkei)[2]
- Donax sordidus (Cape Point to Transkei)[2]
Psammobiidae – Sunset clams
- Sunset clam Hiatula lunulata (Transkei to Mozambique)[2]
- Sand tellin Psammotellina capensis (Cape Agulhas to Transkei)[2]
Veneridae – Venus shells
- Heart clam Dosinia lupinus orbignyi (Namibia to Eastern Cape)[2]
- Dosinia hepatica (Mossel Bay to Mozambique)[2]
- Beaked clam Eumarcia paupercula (Mossel Bay to Mozambique)[2]
- Ribbed venus Gafrarium pectinatum alfredense (Port Elizabeth to Mozambique)[2]
- Zigzag clam Pitar abbreviatus (Cape Point to Mozambique)[2]
- Mottled venus Sunetta contempta bruggeni? (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
- Streaked sand clam Tivela compressa (Cape Point to Eastern Cape)[2]
- Tivela polita (Transkei to Mozambique)[2]
- Corrugated venus Venerupis corrugatus (Namibia to central KwaZulu-Natal)[2]
- Warty venus Venus verrucosa (Namibia to Mozambique)[2][3]
Polyplacophora
Chitons (Polyplacophora) in South Africa include:
- Textile chiton Ischnochiton textilis (Gray, 1828) (Namibia to central KwaZulu-Natal)[1][2]
- Dwarf chiton Ischnochiton oniscus (Krauss, 1848) (Cape Columbine to Mozambique)[1][2]
- Ribbed scale chiton Ischnochiton bergoti (Velain, 1877) (Namibia to Cape Point)[1][2]
- Ischnochiton hewitti[1]
- Tulip chiton
- Brooding chiton Chiton nigrovirescens de Blainville, 1825 (Namibia to Cape Agulhas)[1][2] (accepted as Radsia nigrovirescens)[5]
- Black chiton Onithochiton literatus (Krauss, 1848) (Cape Point to Mozambique)[1][2]
- Broad chiton
- Spiny chiton Acanthochitona garnoti de Blainville, 1825 (Cape Columbine to KwaZulu-Natal south coast)[1][2][3]
- Craspedochiton producta Phil[1]
- Giant chiton or Armadillo Dinoplax gigas Gmelin, 1791 (Cape Point to KwaZulu-Natal south coast)[1][2][3]
- Dinoplax validifossus Ashby (Northern Transkei to Kwazulu-Natal)[1][2]
- Hairy chiton
- Orange hairy chiton
Cephalopoda
Cephalopods in South Africa include:
- Octopoda – Octopus
- Common octopus
- Giant octopus Octopus magnificus Villanueva et al., 1992 [2](syn. Enteroctopus magnificus)
- Brush tipped octopus (syn. Eledone thysanophora)
- Paper nautilus Argonauta argo Linnaeus, 1758 (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[2][3]
- Teuthida – Squid
- Indian Ocean squid Loligo duvauceli Orbigny, 1848 (Port Alfred to Mozambique)[2]
- Chokka or Calimari (syn. Loligo reynaudi Orbigny, 1845)
- Diamond squid Thysanoteuthis rhombus Troschel, 1857 [2]
- Sepiolida – Bobtail squid
- Unidentified species (Cape Peninsula, both sides)[3]
- Sepiida – Cuttlefish
- Sepia papillata Quoy & Gaimard, 1832 [2]
- Beautiful cuttlefish Sepia (Hemisepius) pulchra Roeleveld & Liltved, 1985 [3]
- Sepia simoniana Thiele, 1920 [2]
- Tuberculate cuttlefish Sepia tuberculata Lamarck, 1798 (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape)[2]
- Common cuttlefish Sepia vermiculata Quoy and Gaimard, 1832 (Orange river to Mozambique)[2][3]
- Spirulida – Ram's horn squid
- Ram's horn shell Spirula spirula Linnaeus 1758 (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[2]
Scaphopoda
Tusk shells (Scaphopoda) in South Africa include:
- Dentalium regulare E.A. Smith, 1903 (Jeffreys Bay to Durban)[4][6]
- Antalis longirostrum (Reeve, 1843) (Indo-Pacific to KwaZulu-Natal south coast)[4]
- Siphonodentalium booceras (Tomlin, 1926) [4][6]
- Cadulus spp. Three other species known here, all inhabiting deep water[4]
See also
Lists of molluscs of surrounding countries:
- List of marine molluscs of Namibia, (north from Namibia: List of marine molluscs of Angola)
- List of marine molluscs of Mozambique
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Day, J.H. A guide to marine life on South African shores. Balkema, Cape Town, 1969
- ^ ISBN 0-86486-250-4
- ^ ISBN 978-0-620-41639-9
- ^ ISBN 0-86954-094-7
- ^ www.marinespecies.org http://www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
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