List of Malpighiales of South Africa
The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest
Mya) and the origin of crown group Malpighiales at about 90 Mya.[3]
The
Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[4]
23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[5] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[6]
The 2018
Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[7]
20
taxonomic revision
over time.
Achariaceae
Family: Achariaceae,[7]
Acharia
Genus Acharia:[7]
- Acharia tragodes Thunb. endemic
Ceratiosicyos
Genus Ceratiosicyos:[7]
- Ceratiosicyos laevis (Thunb.) A.Meeuse, indigenous
Guthriea
- Guthriea capensisBolus, indigenous
Kiggelaria
Genus Kiggelaria:[7]
- Kiggelaria africanaL. indigenous
Rawsonia
- Rawsonia lucida Harv. & Sond. indigenous
Xylotheca
- Xylotheca kraussiana Hochst. indigenous
Chrysobalanaceae
Family: Chrysobalanaceae,[7]
Parinari
- Parinari capensis Harv. indigenous
- Parinari capensis Harv. subsp. capensis, indigenous
- Parinari capensis Harv. subsp. incohata F.White, indigenous
- Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth. indigenous
Clusiaceae
Family: Clusiaceae,[7]
Clusia
- Clusia rosea Jacq. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Garcinia
- Garcinia gerrardii Harv. ex Sim, indigenous
- Garcinia livingstonei T.Anderson, indigenous
Dichapetalaceae
Family: Dichapetalaceae,[7]
Dichapetalum
Genus Dichapetalum:[7]
- Dichapetalum cymosum (Hook.) Engl. indigenous
Tapura
- Tapura fischeri Engl. indigenous
Elatinaceae
Family: Elatinaceae,[7]
Bergia
- Bergia anagalloides E.Mey. ex Fenzl, indigenous
- Bergia capensis L. indigenous
- Bergia decumbens Planch. ex Harv. indigenous
- Bergia glomerata L.f. endemic
- Bergia pentheriana Keissl. indigenous
- Bergia polyantha Sond. indigenous
- Bergia salaria Bremek. indigenous
Elatine
- Elatine ambigua Wight, indigenous
- Elatine triandra Schkuhr, indigenous
Erythroxylaceae
Family: Erythroxylaceae,[7]
Erythroxylum
Genus Erythroxylum:[7]
- Erythroxylum delagoense Schinz, indigenous
- Erythroxylum emarginatum Thonn. indigenous
- Erythroxylum pictum E.Mey. ex Sond. endemic
Nectaropetalum
Genus Nectaropetalum:[7]
- Nectaropetalum capense (Bolus) Stapf & Boodle, endemic
- Nectaropetalum zuluense (Schonland) Corbishley, endemic
Euphorbiaceae
Family: Euphorbiaceae,[7] 47 genera have been recorded. Not all are necessarily currently accepted.
- Genus Acalypha:[7]
- Genus Adenocline:[7]
- Genus Alchornea:[7]
- Genus Aleurites:[7]
- Genus Anisophyllum:[7]
- Genus Anthacantha:[7]
- Genus Arthrothamnus:[7]
- Genus Breynia:[7]
- Genus Caperonia:[7]
- Genus Cavacoa
- Genus Cephalocroton:[7]
- Genus Chamaesyce:[7]
- Genus Chrozophora:[7]
- Genus Clutia:[7]
- Genus Croton:[7]
- Genus Ctenomeria:[7]
- Genus Dactylanthes:[7]
- Genus Dalechampia:[7]
- Genus Erythrococca:[7]
- Genus Euphorbia:[7]
- Genus Excoecaria:[7]
- Genus Galarhoeus:[7]
- Genus Homalanthus:[7]
- Genus Jatropha:[7]
- Genus Leidesia:[7]
- Genus Macaranga:[7]
- Genus Manihot:[7]
- Genus Medusea:[7]
- Genus Mercurialis:[7]
- Genus Micrococca:[7]
- Genus Monadenium:[7]
- Genus Pedilanthus:[7]
- Genus Pterococcus:[7]
- Genus Ricinus:[7]
- Genus Sapium:[7]
- Genus Schinziophyton:[7]
- Genus Sclerocroton:[7]
- Genus Seidelia:[7]
- Genus Shirakiopsis:[7]
- Genus Spirostachys:[7]
- Genus Suregada:[7]
- Genus Synadenium:[7]
- Genus Tithymalus:[7]
- Genus Tragia:[7]
- Genus Tragiella:[7]
- Genus Treisia:[7]
- Genus Vernicia:[7]
Hypericaceae
Family: Hypericaceae,[7]
Hypericum
- Hypericum aethiopicum Thunb. indigenous
- Hypericum aethiopicum Thunb. subsp. aethiopicum, indigenous
- Hypericum aethiopicum Thunb. subsp. sonderi (Bredell) N.Robson, indigenous
- Hypericum androsaemum L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Hypericum canariense L. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
- Hypericum forrestii (Chitt.) N.Robson, not indigenous, naturalised
- Hypericum hookerianum Wight & Arn. not indigenous, naturalised
- Hypericum lalandii Choisy, indigenous
- Hypericum natalense J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans, indigenous
- Hypericum perforatum L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Hypericum pseudohenryi N.Robson, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Hypericum revolutum Vahl, indigenous
- Hypericum revolutum Vahl subsp. revolutum, indigenous
- Hypericum roeperianum G.W.Schimp. ex A.Rich. indigenous
- Hypericum roeperianum G.W.Schimp. ex A.Rich. var. roeperianum, indigenous
- Hypericum wilmsii R.Keller, indigenous
Linaceae
Hugonia
- Hugonia orientalis Engl. indigenous
Linum
- Linum acuticarpum C.M.Rogers, endemic
- Linum adustum E.Mey. ex Planch. endemic
- Linum aethiopicum Thunb. endemic
- Linum africanum L. endemic
- Linum brevistylum C.M.Rogers, endemic
- Linum comptonii C.M.Rogers, endemic
- Linum esterhuyseniae C.M.Rogers, endemic
- Linum gracile Planch. endemic
- Linum heterostylum C.M.Rogers, endemic
- Linum pungens Planch. endemic
- Linum quadrifolium L. endemic
- Linum thesioides Bartl. endemic
- Linum thunbergii Eckl. & Zeyh. indigenous
- Linum usitatissimumL. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
- Linum villosum C.M.Rogers, endemic
Malpighiaceae
Family: Malpighiaceae,[7]
Acridocarpus
Genus Acridocarpus:[7]
- Acridocarpus natalitius A.Juss. indigenous
- Acridocarpus natalitius A.Juss. var. linearifolius Launert, indigenous
- Acridocarpus natalitius A.Juss. var. natalitius, indigenous
Sphedamnocarpus
Genus Sphedamnocarpus:[7]
- Sphedamnocarpus pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. indigenous
- Sphedamnocarpus pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. galphimiifolius (A.Juss.) P.D.de Villiers & D.J.B, indigenous
- Sphedamnocarpus pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. pruriens, indigenous
- Sphedamnocarpus transvalicus (Kuntze) Burtt Davy, accepted as Sphedamnocarpus pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. galphimiifolius (A.Juss.) P.D.de Villiers & D.J.B, present
Triaspis
- Triaspis glaucophylla Engl. endemic
- Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. indigenous
- Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. subsp. canescens (Engl.) Immelman, indigenous
- Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. subsp. hypericoides, indigenous
- Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. subsp. nelsonii (Oliv.) Immelman, indigenous
Ochnaceae
Brackenridgea
Genus Brackenridgea:[7]
- Brackenridgea zanguebarica Oliv. indigenous
Ochna
- Ochna arboreaBurch. ex DC. indigenous
- Ochna arborea Burch. ex DC. var. arborea, indigenous
- Ochna arborea Burch. ex DC. var. oconnorii (E.Phillips) Du Toit, indigenous
- Ochna barbosae N.Robson, indigenous
- Ochna confusa Burtt Davy & Greenway, indigenous
- Ochna gamostigmata du Toit, indigenous
- Ochna glauca I.Verd. indigenous
- Ochna holstii Engl. indigenous
- Ochna inermis (Forssk.) Schweinf. indigenous
- Ochna natalitia (Meisn.) Walp. indigenous
- Ochna pretoriensis E.Phillips, indigenous
- Ochna pulchra Hook.f. indigenous
- Ochna serrulata (Hochst.) Walp. indigenous
Passifloraceae
Family: Passifloraceae,[7]
Adenia
- Adenia digitata (Harv.) Engl. indigenous
- Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy, indigenous
- Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy subsp. fruticosa, endemic
- Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy subsp. simplicifolia W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
- Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy subsp. trifoliata W.J.de Wilde, endemic
- Adenia glauca Schinz, indigenous
- Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms, indigenous
- Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms var. gummifera, indigenous
- Adenia hastata (Harv.) Schinz, indigenous
- Adenia hastata (Harv.) Schinz var. glandulifera W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
- Adenia hastata (Harv.) Schinz var. hastata, indigenous
- Adenia natalensis W.J.de Wilde, endemic
- Adenia repanda (Burch.) Engl. indigenous
- Adenia spinosa Burtt Davy, indigenous
- Adenia wilmsii Harms, endemic
Basananthe
Genus Basananthe:[7]
- Basananthe pedata (Baker f.) W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
- Basananthe polygaloides (Hutch. & K.Pearce) W.J.de Wilde, endemic
- Basananthe sandersonii (Harv.) W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
- Basananthe triloba (Bolus) W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
Paropsia
- Paropsia braunii Gilg, indigenous
Passiflora
Genus Passiflora:[7]
- Passiflora caerulea L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Passiflora edulis Sims, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Passiflora foetida L. not indigenous, naturalised
- Passiflora manicata (Juss.) Pers. not indigenous, naturalised
- Passiflora mollissima (Kunth) L.H.Bailey, accepted as Passiflora tripartitaBreiter var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P.Jorg. not indigenous, naturalised
- Passiflora suberosa L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Passiflora subpeltata Ortega, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Passiflora tripartita Breiter var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P.Jorg. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Schlechterina
Genus Schlechterina:[7]
- Schlechterina mitostemmatoidesHarms, indigenous
Phyllanthaceae
Family: Phyllanthaceae,[7]
Andrachne
- Andrachne ovalis(E.Mey. ex Sond.) Mull.Arg. indigenous
Antidesma
- Antidesma venosum E.Mey. ex Tul. indigenous
Bridelia
- Bridelia cathartica G.Bertol. indigenous
- Bridelia cathartica G.Bertol. subsp. cathartica, indigenous
- Bridelia cathartica G.Bertol. var. melanthesoides forma melanthesoides, indigenous
- Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill. indigenous
- Bridelia mollis Hutch. indigenous
Cleistanthus
Genus Cleistanthus:[7]
- Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. indigenous
- Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. schlechteri, indigenous
Flueggea
- Flueggea verrucosa (Thunb.) G.L.Webster, endemic
- Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt, indigenous
- Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt subsp. virosa, indigenous
Heywoodia
- Heywoodia lucensSim, indigenous
Hymenocardia
Genus Hymenocardia:[7]
- Hymenocardia ulmoides Oliv. indigenous
- Hymenocardia ulmoides Oliv. var. capensis Pax, accepted as Hymenocardia ulmoides Oliv. indigenous
Lachnostylis
Genus Lachnostylis:[7]
- Lachnostylis bilocularis R.A.Dyer, endemic
- Lachnostylis hanekomii R.H.Archer & J.C.Manning, endemic
- Lachnostylis hirta (L.f.) Mull.Arg. endemic
Margaritaria
Genus Margaritaria:[7]
- Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster, indigenous
- Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster var. fagifolia (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
- Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster var. nitida (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
Phyllanthus
Genus Phyllanthus:[7]
- Phyllanthus asperulatus Hutch. indigenous
- Phyllanthus burchellii Mull.Arg. accepted as Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drege) Radcl.-Sm. present
- Phyllanthus cedrelifolius I.Verd. accepted as Phyllanthus polyanthus Pax, present
- Phyllanthus delagoensis Hutch. indigenous
- Phyllanthus fraternus G.L.Webster, not indigenous, naturalised
- Phyllanthus genistoides Sond. accepted as Phyllanthus incurvus Thunb. present
- Phyllanthus glaucophyllus Sond. indigenous
- Phyllanthus graminicola Hutch. ex S.Moore, indigenous
- Phyllanthus heterophyllus E.Mey. ex Mull.Arg. indigenous
- Phyllanthus incurvus Thunb. indigenous
- Phyllanthus loandensis Welw. ex Mull.Arg. indigenous
- Phyllanthus macranthus Pax, indigenous
- Phyllanthus macranthus Pax var. macranthus, indigenous
- Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. indigenous
- Phyllanthus meyerianus Mull.Arg. indigenous
- Phyllanthus myrtaceus Sond. indigenous
- Phyllanthus nummulariifolius Poir. indigenous
- Phyllanthus nummulariifolius Poir. var. nummulariifolius, indigenous
- Phyllanthus omahakensis Dinter & Pax, indigenous
- Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. indigenous
- Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drege) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
- Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. var. parvulus, indigenous
- Phyllanthus pentandrus Schumach. & Thonn. indigenous
- Phyllanthus pinnatus (Wight) G.L.Webster, indigenous
- Phyllanthus polyanthus Pax, indigenous
- Phyllanthus polyspermus Schumach. indigenous
- Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. indigenous
- Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. var. reticulatus, indigenous
- Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drege) Mull.Arg. accepted as Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drege) Radcl.-Sm. present
Pseudolachnostylis
Genus Pseudolachnostylis:[7]
- Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifoliaPax, indigenous
- Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax var. dekindtii (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
- Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax var. glabra (Pax) Brenan, indigenous
Picrodendraceae
Family: Picrodendraceae,[7]
Androstachys
Genus Androstachys:[7]
- Androstachys johnsoniiPrain, indigenous
Hyaenanche
Genus Hyaenanche:[7]
- Hyaenanche globosa(Gaertn.) Lamb. & Vahl, endemic
Podostemaceae
Family: Podostemaceae,[7]
Leiothylax
Genus Leiothylax:[7]
- Letestuella tisserantiiG.Taylor
Sphaerothylax
Genus Sphaerothylax:[7]
- Sphaerothylax algiformis Bisch. ex C.Krauss, indigenous
Tristicha
- Tristicha trifaria (Bory ex Willd.) Spreng. indigenous
- Tristicha trifaria (Bory ex Willd.) Spreng. subsp. trifaria, indigenous
Putranjivaceae
Family: Putranjivaceae,[7]
Drypetes
- Drypetes arguta (Mull.Arg.) Hutch. indigenous
- Drypetes gerrardii Hutch. indigenous
- Drypetes gerrardii Hutch. var. gerrardii, indigenous
- Drypetes gerrardii Hutch. var. tomentosa Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
- Drypetes mossambicensis Hutch. indigenous
- Drypetes natalensis (Harv.) Hutch. indigenous
- Drypetes natalensis (Harv.) Hutch. var. natalensis, indigenous
- Drypetes reticulata Pax, indigenous
Rhizophoraceae
Family: Rhizophoraceae,[7]
Bruguiera
- Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. indigenous
Cassipourea
Genus Cassipourea:[7]
- Cassipourea flanaganii (Schinz) Alston, endemic
- Cassipourea gerrardii (Schinz) Alston, accepted as Cassipourea malosana (Baker) Alston, present
- Cassipourea gummiflua Tul. indigenous
- Cassipourea gummiflua Tul. var. verticillata (N.E.Br.) J.Lewis, indigenous
- Cassipourea malosana (Baker) Alston, indigenous
- Cassipourea mossambicensis (Brehmer) Alston, indigenous
- Cassipourea swaziensis Compton, indigenous
Ceriops
- Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob. indigenous
Rhizophora
Genus Rhizophora:[7]
- Rhizophora mucronata Lam. indigenous
Salicaceae
Family: Salicaceae,[7]
Casearia
- Casearia gladiiformis Mast. indigenous
Dovyalis
- Dovyalis caffra (Hook.f. & Harv.) Warb. indigenous
- Dovyalis longispina (Harv.) Warb. indigenous
- Dovyalis lucida Sim, indigenous
- Dovyalis revoluta J.E.Thom, accepted as Dovyalis zeyheri (Sond.) Warb. present
- Dovyalis rhamnoides (Burch. ex DC.) Burch. & Harv. indigenous
- Dovyalis rotundifolia (Thunb.) Thunb. & Harv. endemic
- Dovyalis zeyheri (Sond.) Warb. indigenous
Flacourtia
Genus Flacourtia:[7]
- Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. indigenous
Homalium
- Homalium dentatum (Harv.) Warb. indigenous
- Homalium rufescens Benth. endemic
- Homalium subsuperum Sprague, accepted as Homalium dentatum (Harv.) Warb. present
Oncoba
- Oncoba spinosa Forssk. indigenous
- Oncoba spinosa Forssk. subsp. spinosa, indigenous
Populus
- Populus alba L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Populus alba L. var. alba, not indigenous, naturalised
- Populus canescens(Aiton) Sm. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall subsp. deltoides, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Populus nigra L. not indigenous, naturalised
- Populus nigra L. var. italica Munchh. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Pseudoscolopia
Genus Pseudoscolopia:[7]
- Pseudoscolopia polyanthaGilg, endemic
Salix
Genus Salix:[7]
- Salix babylonica L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Salix babylonica L. var. babylonica, not indigenous, naturalised
- Salix caprea L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Salix mucronata Thunb. indigenous
- Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Immelman, accepted as Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. mucronata, present
- Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. hirsuta (Thunb.) Immelman, endemic
- Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. mucronata, indigenous
- Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. wilmsii (Seemen) Immelman, accepted as Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. woodii (Seemen) Immelman, present
- Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. woodii (Seemen) Immelman, indigenous
- Salix subserrata Willd. accepted as Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. subserrata (Willd.) R.H.Archer & Jordaan
- Salix x fragilisL. var. fragilis, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Scolopia
- Scolopia flanaganii (Bolus) Sim, endemic
- Scolopia mundii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Warb. indigenous
- Scolopia oreophila (Sleumer) Killick, endemic
- Scolopia stolzii Gilg & Sleumer, indigenous
- Scolopia stolzii Gilg & Sleumer var. stolzii, indigenous
- Scolopia zeyheri (Nees) Harv. indigenous
Trimeria
- Trimeria grandifolia (Hochst.) Warb. indigenous
- Trimeria grandifolia (Hochst.) Warb. subsp. grandifolia, indigenous
- Trimeria trinervis Harv. endemic
Turneraceae
Family: Turneraceae,[7]
Afroqueta
- Afroqueta capensis(Harv.) Thulin & Razafim. indigenous
Piriqueta
- Afroqueta capensis(Harv.) Thulin & Razafim. indigenous
Streptopetalum
Genus Streptopetalum:[7]
- Streptopetalum serratum Hochst. indigenous
Tricliceras
Genus Tricliceras:[7]
- Tricliceras glanduliferum (Klotzsch) R.Fern. indigenous
- Tricliceras laceratum (Oberm.) Oberm. indigenous
- Tricliceras longepedunculatum (Mast.) R.Fern. indigenous
- Tricliceras longepedunculatum (Mast.) R.Fern. var. longepedunculatum, indigenous
- Tricliceras mossambicense (A.Fern. & R.Fern.) R.Fern. indigenous
- Tricliceras schinzii (Urb.) R.Fern. indigenous
- Tricliceras schinzii (Urb.) R.Fern. subsp. schinzii var. juttae, indigenous
- Tricliceras tanacetifolium (Klotzsch) R.Fern. indigenous
Violaceae
Hybanthus
- Hybanthus capensis (Thunb.) Engl. indigenous
- Hybanthus densifolius Engl. indigenous
- Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. not indigenous, naturalised
- Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. var. caffer (Sond.) N.Robson, not indigenous, naturalised
- Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. var. enneaspermus, not indigenous, naturalised
- Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. var. serratus Engl. not indigenous, naturalised
- Hybanthus parviflorus (L.f.) Baill. not indigenous, naturalised
Rinorea
- Rinorea angustifolia (Thouars) Baill. indigenous
- Rinorea angustifolia (Thouars) Baill. subsp. natalensis (Engl.) Grey-Wilson, indigenous
- Rinorea domatiosa A.E.van Wyk, endemic
- Rinorea ilicifolia (Welw. ex Oliv.) Kuntze, indigenous
- Rinorea ilicifolia (Welw. ex Oliv.) Kuntze subsp. ilicifolia, indigenous
- Rinorea ilicifolia (Welw. ex Oliv.) Kuntze subsp. ilicifolia var. ilicifolia, indigenous
Viola
- Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. indigenous
- Viola arvensis Murray, not indigenous, naturalised
- Viola decumbens L.f. indigenous
- Viola decumbens L.f. var. decumbens, endemic
- Viola decumbens L.f. var. scrotiformis (DC.) Jessop, endemic
- Viola hederacea Labill. not indigenous, naturalised
- Viola priceanaPollard, not indigenous, naturalised
- Viola tricolor L. not indigenous, naturalised
References
- PMC 3631340.
- ^ Stevens, P.F. (2020) [2001]. "Malpighiales". AP Web v. 14. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
- PMID 21628193.
- .
- ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
- ^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
