Malik

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For other uses, see Malik (disambiguation).

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Page from a Rosh Hashanah prayerbook with Hebrew מלך‎ (melekh) in large red text.

Malik (

Canaanite, Hebrew
).

Although the early forms of the name were to be found among the pre-Arab and pre-Islamic Semitic speakers of

Islamized or Arabized non-Semitic Asian languages
for their ruling princes and to render kings elsewhere. It is also sometimes used in derived meanings.

The female version of Malik is Malikah (

Arabic: ملكة; or its various spellings such as Malekeh
or Melike), meaning "queen".

The name Malik was originally found among various pre-Arab and non-Muslim Semitic speakers such as the indigenous ethnic

Mandeans, Syriacs, and pre-Islamic Arabs. It has since been spread among various predominantly Muslim and non-Semitic peoples in Central Asia, the Middle East, and South Asia. Malik is also an angel in the Quran
, who never smiled since the day the hellfire was created.

Etymology

Further information: Moloch

The earliest form of the name Maloka was used to denote a prince or chieftain in the

Hebrew
form Melek.

Moloch has traditionally been interpreted as the epithet of a god, known as "the king" like Baal was an epithet "the master" and Adon an epithet "the lord", but in the case of Moloch purposely mispronounced as Moleḵ instead of Meleḵ using the vowels of Hebrew bosheth "shame".[2]

Political

Primarily a malik is the ruling monarch of a kingdom, called mamlaka; that term is however also used in a broader sense, like realm, for rulers with another, generally lower titles, as in Sahib al-Mamlaka. Malik is also used for tribal leaders, e.g. among the Pashtuns.

Some

Arab
kingdoms are currently ruled by a Malik:

Other historic realms under a Malik include:

  • Egypt – the former khedivate and subsequently independent sultanate was ruled by Malik Misr ("King of Egypt") from 1922 to 1951; and Malik Misr wa's Sudan ("King of Egypt and the Sudan") from 16 October 1951 until the proclamation of the republic on 18 June 1953
  • Tyareh
    tribe.
  • as-Sanusi
    , heir of a Muslim sect's dynasty) reigned as Malik al-Mamlaka al-Libiyya al-Muttahida ("King of the United Libyan Kingdom") from 24 December 1951 through 25 April 1963 and Malik al-Mamlaka al-Libiyya ("King of the Libyan Kingdom") until 1 September 1969.
  • Divehi
    title of Maha Radun or Ras Kilege.
  • Oman – the Nabhani dynasty ruled Oman between 1154 and 1470; later it was an imamate / Sultanate.
  • Tunisia was formerly ruled by maliks (1 year).
  • Commander of the Faithful
    , King of the Mutawakkilite Yemeni Kingdom").
  • Shri is an emphatical honorific
    ).

Malik has also been used in languages which adopted Arabic loanwords (mainly, not exclusively, in Muslim cultures), for various princely or lower ranks and functions.

The word Malik is sometimes used in Arabic to render roughly equivalent titles of foreign rulers, for instance the chronicler

Baha al-Din Ibn Shaddad refers to King Richard I of England
as Malik al-Inkitar.

Religious

  • The sacrament of Holy Leaven in the Assyrian Church of the East[3]
  • It is also one of the
    King of Kings
    , above all earthly rulers.
    • Hence, Abdelmelik ("servant of [Allah] the King") is an Arabic male name.
  • In Biblical Hebrew, Moloch is either the name of a god or a particular kind of sacrifice associated historically with Phoenician and related cultures in North Africa and the Levant.
  • Melqart ("king of the city") was a Phoenician and Punic god.
  • The Melkites (from Syriac malkāyâ, ܡܠܟܝܐ, "imperial") are the members of several Christian churches of the Middle East, originally those who sided with the Byzantine emperor.

Compound and derived titles

  • Malika is the female derivation, a term of Arabic origin used in Persia as the title for a Queen consort. Frequently also used as part of a lady's name, e.g. Malika-i-Jahan 'Queen of the World'.
  • Sahib us-Sumuw al-Malik (female Sahibat us-Sumuw al-Malik) is an Arabic title for His/Her Royal Highness, notably for Princes in the dynasty of the Malik of Egypt.

The following components are frequently part of titles, notably in Persian (also used elsewhere, e.g. in India's Moghol tradition):

In the great Indian Muslim

Umara, but above Daula, Jang, Nawab, Khan Bahadur and Khan
; for the Nizam's Hindu retainers different titles were used, the equivalent of Molk being Vant.

Usage in South Asia

Further information:
Malik (Jat)

Pashtun usage

The Arabic term came to be adopted as a term for "

tribal chieftain" in the tribal areas of northwestern Pakistan
. In tribal Pashtun society in Pakistan, the Maliks serve as de facto arbiters in local conflicts, interlocutors in state policy-making, tax-collectors, heads of village and town councils and delegates to provincial and national jirgas and Parliament.

Punjabi usage

In the

tribal chieftain" is a title used by some well-reputed specific Punjabi aristocrat bloodlines with special lineage, more formally known as Zamindars. The Actual clans to hold and originate this esteemed title are the "Awan" Tribe & Muslim Rajputs
, They are Martial Warrior Tribes which are also associated with different aspects throughout different generations and periods of history, It is believed that they originated as a clan of warriors who later on settled as wealthy landlords. Malik Awans in Punjabi Ethnology are considered to be Honourable Warriors.

The Muslim Malik community is settled all over Pakistan, and the Sikh Malik are settled in India. The Malik are also known as the Gathwala. The Gathwala are now designating themselves as Maliks. Due to the popularity of the Malik title, many Punjabi sub-castes, such as Gujarati⠀Punjabis and many others, have adopted title to gain acceptance in the Punjabi caste system.

General usage

Malik or Malek is a common element in first and family names, usually without any aristocratic meaning.

Given name

A

B

  • Malik Basit
    or Malik B (1972–2020), American rapper
  • Malik Beasley (born 1996), American basketball player
  • Malik Bendjelloul, Swedish Academy Award-winning documentary filmmaker, journalist, and child actor

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

K

  • Malik Ata Muhammad Khan, Chieftain of Malik-Awan Clan, A Renowned feudal lords and states man
  • Nawab Malik Amir Mohammad Khan
    , Nawab of Kalabagh, Patriarch of Malik-Awan Tribe
  • Malik Feroz Khan Noon, former Prime Minister of Pakistan
  • Malik Khizar Hayat Tiwana
    , Punjab Unionist party Premier of the Punjab
  • Malik Khoshaba, Assyrian tribal leader of the Tyareh tribe
  • Malik Knowles (born 2000), American football player

M

N

O

P

R

S

  • Malik Scott (born 1980), American boxer
  • Malik Sealy (1970–2000), American basketball player
  • Malik Sekou (born 1964), American lawyer
  • Malik Shabazz
    (1925–1965), also known as Malcolm X, an American Muslim leader and human rights activist
  • Malik Stanley (born 1996), American football player

T

W

Y

  • Malik Yoba (born 1967), American actor and occasional singer

Z

Surname

See also

  • Maalik – In Islam, an angel of hell (Jahannam)
  • Maluku islands
    , an archipelago in Indonesia whose name is thought to have been derived from the Arab traders' term for the region, Jazirat al-Muluk ('the island of many kings')
  • Lakshadweepa, whose local name (Maliku) is thought to have been derived from the Arab traders' term for it, Jazirat al-Maliku ('the island of the king').[4]
  • Mleccha, a Sanskrit term referring to those of an incomprehensible speech, foreign or barbarous invaders as contra-distinguished from Aryan Vedic tribes

References

  1. ^ F.Leo Oppenheim – Ancient Mesopotamia
  2. ^ "Molech". Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2008. Retrieved 22 March 2008.
  3. ISBN 9780191727221
    . Retrieved 30 July 2016 – via Oxford Reference.
  4. ^ Lutfy, Mohamed Ibrahim. Thaareekhuge therein Lakshadheebu

External links

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