Mammalodon

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This article is about the extinct genus of mammalodontids. For the group of living therapsids, see Mammal.

Mammalodon
Temporal range:
Ma
↓
Skull
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Infraorder: Cetacea
Family: †Mammalodontidae
Genus: †Mammalodon
Pritchard, 1939
Species
  • †M. colliveri Pritchard, 1939 (type)
  • †M. hakataramea Fordyce and Marx, 2016

Mammalodon is an extinct genus of archaic baleen whale belonging to the family Mammalodontidae.

Taxonomy

Mammalodon within Mysticeti
Cetacea

Odontoceti
(toothed whales)

Mysticeti
 (baleen whales)
Mammalodontidae

Janjucetus

Mammalodon

Aetiocetidae

Eomysticetidae

Modern baleen whales

Mysticeti[1]

The fossils of Mammalodon were found to be around 25.7–23.9 million years old, dating to the

Jan Juc, Victoria in Australia; specimen NMV P17535, consisting of a lower left molar, probably also belongs to NMV P199986. NMV P173220 consists of a left periotic bone. NMV P199587 is a partial skeleton, consisting of part of the head, spine, and arm; specimen NMV P198871, an ulna, very likely also belongs to NMV P199587.[1] The second species, M. hakataramea, was discovered in the Kokoamu Greensand of New Zealand.[2][3][4]
Mammalodon fossils have been found in Australia and New Zealand

Mammalodon was, at first, considered to be a member of

sister clade to Aetiocetidae and more modern baleen-bearing baleen whales.[1]

The name Mammalodon is said to be derived from English mammal and Ancient Greek odontos tooth, meaning "mammal tooth", as its molar teeth are similar to those found in terrestrial carnivores.[1] The Ancient Greek for "tooth" is, however, odous (ὀδούς).[5]

Description

Mammalodon, with a length of 3 metres (9.8 ft), was smaller and more primitive than modern baleen whales.

vestigial incisors. The teeth were likely never replaced, and the whale had the same set of teeth throughout its life. The single upper incisor was markedly smaller than the other teeth, and smaller than the upper incisors of Janjucetus. The cheek teeth—molars and premolars—were all double-rooted, and the lower molars were serrated and triangular.[1][7]

In the holotype of M. colliveri, only the second vertebra of the

breastbone is composed of several pieces. The top-most breastbone, the manubrium, is T-shaped and wider than is long like archaeocetes, but plate-like and compressed like modern baleen whales. Unlike in modern whales though similar to archaeocetes, the thyrohyoid bone of the hyoid apparatus used to hold up the tongue is large and tubular as opposed to plate-like. It probably had a fused mandibular symphysis linking the two halves of the jaw together, unlike in later and modern baleen whales.[1]

Palaeobiology

As with the closely related genus Janjucetus, Mammalodon lacked baleen, instead possessing well-developed teeth. As such, it was not able to filter-feed in the same manner as extant baleen whales, making its diet and ecological niche a mystery.[7] As the teeth are widely spaced, they may have developed a method of filter-feeding unlike that of other whales. It may have been a bottom filter feeder, its blunt snout helping to suck up organisms from the sea floor.[1]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mammalodon.
  1. ^
    doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00572.x
    .
  2. doi:10.24199/j.mmv.2016.74.11
    .
  3. ^ Fordyce, R. E. 1991. A new look at the fossil vertebrate record of New Zealand; pp. 1191-1316 in P. V. Rich, J. M. Monaghan, R. F. Baird, and T. H. Rich (eds), Vertebrate palaeontology of Australasia. Pioneer Design Studio and Monash University, Melbourne.
  4. ^ Pritchard, B. G. (1939). "On the discovery of a fossil whale in the older Tertiaries of Torquay, Victoria". The Victorian Naturalist. 55 (9): 151–159.
  5. ^ Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon. Revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. With the assistance of Roderick McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  6. ^ Israel, Brett (December 2009). "Early Mini-Whale Slurped up Mud to Find Hidden Prey". Discover Magazine. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
  7. ^
    PMID 17015308
    .
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