Mansehra

Coordinates: 34°20′2″N 73°12′5″E / 34.33389°N 73.20139°E / 34.33389; 73.20139
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the district, see Mansehra District. For other uses, see Mansehra (disambiguation).
Mansehra
  • مانسهره
  • مانسہرہ
Postal Code
21300

Mansehra is a city in the

71st largest city in Pakistan by population and the 7th largest city
in the province.

The name of the city is derived from the name of its founder,

Shivarathri festival.[4]

History

Ancient period

Main article:
the subcontinent, dating to the middle of the third century BCE, and are written from right to left in the Kharosthi script.[5]

The region was briefly and nominally controlled by many foreign rulers, including the

Kanishka the Great
.

During the period,Buddhist art and architecture flourished in the area.[6]

Medieval period (500-1190 CE)

With the decline of the imperial Guptas, the

Hindu temples around the area, however, much of them are now in rubble. The Hindu Shahis remained in control of the area until their defeat by the Ghaznavids in the year 1001.[6]

Modern period (1190-2000s CE)

Pakhli Sultanate (1190-1399):

This area was conquered by Sultan Pakhal Swati in 1190 who established the rule by driving out the Bambas and Ghakars rulers of this area.[7] It remained part of Sultanate of Swat also known as Pakhli Sultanate until 1399.

Pakhli Sarkar(1399-1703):

The Timiurids attacked this side of Swat Sultanate in 1370 and established their Sarkar here. The Timiurids gave Sarkar to their subjects called Hazara Turks or Karluk Turks after whom the name of Hazara Division is derived. They ruled until 1703. The last ruler was Sultan Mehmood Khurd. This Sultanate is referred as Pakhli Sarkar in Mughal documents because this area was taken from Sultan Pakhal Swati's Sultanate so the name continued on by Turks.

2nd Invasion of Swatis in 1703:

Swati's Sultanate of Swat was ended in 1519 after being defeated by Yousafzais. Swatis were finding a area to live peacefully again. In 1703, Swatis under the leadership of Syed Jalal Baba conquered Pakhli and ousted Turks. Saadaat Khan Swati was chosen as Chief of Swati tribe and the whole Pakhli was equally divided among the 3 clans of Swatis. At that time Pakhli was composed of the all areas of today's District Mansehra and District Battagram.

Pakhli State(1768-1818):

Ahmad Shah Durrani invaded the region with

Raghunathrao, who drove out the Afghans,[10] Following the Third Battle of Panipat, Ahmad Shah Durrani defeated the Marathas and recaptured Lahore, Sikh forces occupied the region after the Durranis withdrew. The Durranis invaded two more times, while the Sikhs would re-occupy the region after both invasions.[9]

Sikh Rule(1818-1831)

The fall of the Durrani Empire made way for the

British rule.[12][self-published source][13][14][15]

British period

By 1849, the British had gained control of all of Mansehra. To maintain peace in the area, the British took preventive measures by co-opting the local chiefs.

Khan Jummah Khan Jehangiri Swathi was the Khan of Mansehra city under British rule.[16] Atta Muhamad Khan Swathi was the chief of Agror Valley, Lal Khan Sarkheli Swathi was the Chief of Balakot, Samundar Khan Swathi was Khan of Garhi Habibullah while Wali Muhammad Khan Jehangiri Swathi was the Wali of Ogra and Konsh Valley.[16]

The British divided

North West Frontier Province
(NWFP), Hazara was annexed into it.

During British rule, Mansehra was a small town. Its population according to the 1901 census was 5,087.[17] During the British period, Mansehra was the headquarters of Mansehra Tehsil.

In 1976 Mansehra Tehsil was made district and Mansehra became the centre of it.

Organisation

Mansehra City is the administrative capital of District and Tehsil Mansehra. The City of Mansehra is administratively divided into four

Mohallas
.

Demography

Religious groups in Mansehra City (1931−2017)[a]
Religious
group 		1931[20] 1941[19] 2017[21]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Islam 4,217 72.96% 8,141 79.68% 144,838 99.96%
Hinduism [b] 1,091 18.88% 1,699 16.63% 2 0%
Sikhism 469 8.11% 375 3.67% — —
Christianity 3 0.05% 2 0.02% 39 0.03%
Jainism 0 0% — — — —
Zoroastrianism 0 0% 0 0% — —
Judaism 0 0% 0 0% — —
Buddhism 0 0% — — — —
Ahmadiyya — — — — 0 0%
Others 0 0% 0 0% 19 0.01%
Total population 5,780 100% 10,217 100% 144,898 100%

Cultural festival

During the festival of

Hindus assembled on Bareri Hill to worship Devi (as Durga). Offerings were taken by a Brahmin of Mansehra.[22] The assembly on each occasion lasted only one day.[22] The site is ancient, as at the base of Bareri Hill are the boulders inscribed with the Edicts of Ashoka.[23]

Gallery

  • Northern parts of Mansehra city
    Northern parts of Mansehra city
  • The giant rock of King Ashoka.
    The giant rock of King Ashoka.
  • Sunset in Mansehra City
    Sunset in Mansehra City

Khans of Mansehra

Khans also known as Nawabs of Mansehra (city only) are following :[24]

No Khan Reign Notes
1 Khan Sardar Khan Jahangiri Swati 1703-1751 Khan-E-Awal Mansehra right after the Conquest of
Pakhli
2 Khan Suddam Khan Jahangiri[25] 1751-1795(died) 2nd Khan Of Mansehra, son of Sardar Khan
3 Khan Zaman Khan Jahangiri[26] 1795- 1881(died) 3rd Khan of Mansehra, Known for resistance against Sikh rule , son of Suddam Khan
4 Khan Juma Khan Jahangiri 1881- 1910 Son of Zaman Khan, British terminated his Khanate
5 Khan Bahadur Raja Ali Gohar Khan Jahangiri 1925-1948 Restored Khanate, MLA, Governor Srinagar, Agriculture Minister Kashmir(princely state), Khan Bahadur, Raja
6 Khan Tariq Khan Jahangiri[27] 1948-Present Minister KPK, 3 times elected MPA of Mansehra

Khan Muhammad Tariq Khan Swati has been MPA of Mansehra from 1990-2002 and minister of KPK. Khan Ali Gohar Khan was the agriculture minister of Kashmir before partition, deputy commissioner and acting governor of Srinagar. He was awarded the title of "Khan Bahadur" by British Viceroy and title of "Raja" by Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir. MPA of Mansehra, Babar Saleem Swati also belongs to the same family. He is the great grandson of 4th Khan Of Mansehra, Jummah Khan. Khurram Khan, a well known Politician of Mansehra also belongs to same family and is the great great grandson of 3rd "Khan Of Mansehra", Zaman Khan. Zaman Khan Jehangiri was well known for his resistance against Maharaja Ranjeet Singh armies in Hazara.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mansehra (city).

Notes

  1. ^ 1931-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Mansehra, which included Mansehra Municipality.[19]: 19 
  2. ^ 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis

References

  1. ^ "Mansehra Demographics table" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-12-27. Retrieved 2018-12-27.
  2. ^ "DISTRICT AND TEHSIL LEVEL POPULATION SUMMARY WITH REGION BREAKUP (MANSEHRA DISTRICT)" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. 2018-01-03. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-04-17. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
  3. ^ Hazara Report 1993, Peshawar:Govt of NWFP, p. 12
  4. ^ "Pakistan prepares to hold a major Hindu festival Maha Shivaratri". Asia. Gulf News. TNN. 17 February 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  5. ^ Department of Archaeology and Museums (2004-01-30). "UNESCO world heritage Centre - Mansehra Rock Edicts". Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 2011-03-30.
  6. ^ a b Ancient Pakistan. Chairman, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar. 1971.
  7. ^ "Imperial Gazetteer of India Vol 19 page 319".
  8. ^ "Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 19, page 319 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library". dsal.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2023-08-07.
  9. ^
    ISBN 9789047423836
    .
  10. ISBN 978-81-7824-109-8
    .
  11. Hindu Rajput Raja Man Singh I of Amber in Rajputana
    , India
  12. ^
    ISBN 9781503504004
    .
  13. ISBN 9781781493335
    .
  14. ^ Hazara Gazetteer 1884
  15. ^ Gazetteer 1884,
  16. ^ a b "Punjab Gazetteer of Hazara District 1883-84 Page 74". Chiefs includes Khan Samundar Khan Swati of Garhi Habibullah—the Hereditary Chief of Swati tribe, Muhammad Husain Khan Swati— The Jageerdar of Mansehra , Atta Muhamad Khan Swati— the Chief of Agror Valley.
  17. ^ "Mānsehra Village - Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 17, p. 203". Dsal.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2011-03-30.
  18. ^ "Tehsils & Unions in the District of Mansehra". Nrb.gov.pk. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2011-03-30.
  19. ^
    JSTOR saoa.crl.28215543
    . Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  20. JSTOR saoa.crl.25793233
    . Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  21. ^ "Final Results (Census-2017)". Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  22. ^ a b c Report of the land revenue settlement of the Hazara district of the Punjab By E. G. Wace. Central Jail Press. 1876. Retrieved 2007-11-03. In the nearby locality of Bareri, Hindus from the vicinity, to the number of about 400, used to assemble at the top of Bareri hill to worship Devi (Durga) and to present offerings, which were taken by a Brahmin of Mansehra. The assembly on each occasion lasted only one day.
  23. ^ "Around Abbottabad by S.A.J. Shirazi". Travelers Digest. Archived from the original on 2007-11-10. Retrieved 2007-11-03. Further north; go to the black mountain near Oghi or to see the Asokan inscriptions on boulders near base of Bareri Hill close to Mansehra.
  24. ^ "Swati Family : Khans of Mansehra City". Swati Family. 2023-10-27. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  25. ^ Wace, E. G. (1876). "Report of the Land Revenue Settlement of the Hazara District of the Punjab, 1868-74". Google Books.
  26. ^ "Report of the Land Revenue Settlement of the Hazara District of the Punjab, 1868-74".
  27. ^ "PF-42 Mansehra Election 1993 Full Result KPK Assembly NWFP". www.electionpakistani.com. Retrieved 2023-10-26.

External links

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