Mardan

Coordinates: 34°12′4.4″N 72°01′33″E / 34.201222°N 72.02583°E / 34.201222; 72.02583
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other articles with the same name, see Mardan (disambiguation).

Mardan
مردان
City
Calling code
+92 937
Websitemardan.kp.gov.pk

Mardān (

Urdu: مردان; Urdu pronunciationⓘ; Pashto: pronunciationⓘ) is a city in the Mardan District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan.[6] Located in the Valley of Peshawar, Mardan is the second-largest city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (after Peshawar).[7][8]
It is a fast-growing city that experienced a population boom in the latter half of the twentieth century.

Around 1800 BCE, the area around Mardan was part of the homeland of the

UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980.[10]

History

Historical Population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1951 48,827—    
1961 77,932+4.79%
1972 115,194+3.62%
1981 147,977+2.82%
1998 245,926+3.03%
2017 358,604+2.01%
Source: [11][5]

Mardan is located in a region rich in archaeological sites. In 1962, the

Mesolithic period.[12]

The Edicts of Ashoka were carved on a massive boulder near Mardan around 250 BCE.
The Takht-i-Bahi complex near Mardan dates from the first century CE.

The area around Mardan then formed part of the homeland of the

Kharosthi script.[9]

The Seated Buddha, dating from 300 to 500 CE, was found near Mardan, and is now on display at the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco.

The nearby

UNESCO World Heritage Site of Takht-i-Bahi was established as a monastery around 46 CE. The Bakhshali manuscript, which contains the earliest record of the use of the number 0 in the Indian subcontinent,[14] was found near Mardan in 1891, and dates from the third or fourth century CE. It is the oldest extant manuscript in Indian mathematics. The nearby Kashmir Smast caves served Buddhist hermit
monks, and dates from the fourth to ninth century CE.

Guides Memorial

During the

Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, Mardan was not a scene of heavy fighting as many of the native troops had been disarmed by British forces.[15] Mardan's famous Guides' Memorial was established in 1892 to honour fallen soldiers who fought during the 1879 Siege of the British Residency in Kabul. The city's Women's Hospital was established in 1906.[16] In 1920, Mardan was visited by Sir Charles Monro, head of British armed forces in British India.[17] Until 1937, Mardan District was a part of Peshawar District, when it was elevated to the status of its own independent district.[18] During the Viceroy's visit in 1946, large numbers of Mardan residents travelled to Peshawar to participate in a Muslim League rally in favour of Pakistan's establishment.[19] The Mardan Museum
was established in 1991 to showcase the region's rich ancient history.

In July 2020, life-size statues of the Buddha was found during construction activity in the Mardan area. However, local Muslim civilians from the area took it on their own hands to destroy these findings. The culprits also posted their vandalism on social media, which resulted on their arrest by the Pakistani authorities. The finding are part of the ancient Indian Buddhist past of the area and related to the

Mahajanapada.[20]

Demographics

Gulbahar Village Mardan

Mardan is the de facto headquarters of the Yousafzai tribe of Pashtuns with a significant number of Mohmand, Utmankhel, Tareen, Khalil and Awan tribe members have settled in the city over the years. The population of Mardan city over the years is shown in the table below.[21][5]

According to the

2023 Census of Pakistan, the city of Mardan had 404,436 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
. These inhabitants were spread out among 51,429 households, making the average household size in Mardan 7.89.[5] Mardan experienced explosive growth throughout the latter half of the twentieth century, as the population of Mardan grew fivefold in just 50 years. The city's growth has, though, over time, slowed down by quite a bit, and between the years of 1998 and 2017, its population only grew at about 2% every year.

Religious groups in Mardan City (1881−2017)[a]
Religious
group 		1881[23][24][25] 1901[26][27] 1911[28][29] 1921[30][31] 1931[32] 1941[22] 2017[33]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Islam 1,616 58.42% 1,569 43.92% 5,477 61.34% 5,890 53.89% 19,579 74.5% 30,301 71.31% 356,580 99.32%
Hinduism [b] 829 29.97% 1,283 35.92% 1,892 21.19% 3,220 29.46% 3,605 13.72% 5,851 13.77% 288 0.08%
Sikhism 295 10.67% 683 19.12% 1,465 16.41% 1,679 15.36% 2,927 11.14% 6,014 14.15% — —
Jainism 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% — — — —
Christianity — — 37 1.04% 95 1.06% 141 1.29% 168 0.64% 282 0.66% 1,863 0.52%
Zoroastrianism — — 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% — —
Judaism — — 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% — —
Buddhism — — 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% — — — —
Ahmadiyya — — — — — — — — — — — — 141 0.04%
Others 26 0.94% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 46 0.11% 152 0.04%
Total population 2,766 100% 3,572 100% 8,929 100% 10,930 100% 26,279 100% 42,494 100% 359,024 100%

Education

There was no public or private sector university in Mardan until 2009. The first public sector university,

University of Engineering and Technology Madan.[37][38][39]

Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan, which was established in 2010, is the city only medical college.[40] There is also a campus of University of Agriculture, Peshawar, which is named as Agriculture university Ameer Mohammad Khan Campus Mardan.[41]

There are also two Postgraduate colleges in Mardan, one each for boys and girls. Government Post Graduate College Mardan, which was established in 1952[42] while Government Post Graduate College for women Mardan was established in 1963.[43]

There are numerous public and private Schools and colleges for Boys and Girls in Mardan. Among them, the most renowned and famous is Fazal e Haq Mardan.[44]

Geography

Mardan is located in the south west of the district at 34°12'0N 72°1'60E and an altitude of 283 metres (928 ft).

Katlang to the north. It is the second largest city in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa[46][47][6] while 19th largest city of Pakistan.[48]

Climate

With an influence from the local steppe climate, Mardan features a

hot semi-arid climate (Köppen
BSh). The average temperature in Mardan is 22.2 °C, while the annual precipitation averages 559 mm. October is the driest month with an average rainfall of 12 mm, while the wettest month is August, with an average 122 mm of precipitation.

June is the hottest month of the year with an average temperature of 33.2 °C. The coldest month January has an average temperature of 10.0 °C.

Climate data for Mardan
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 17.7
(63.9) 		19.0
(66.2) 		24.0
(75.2) 		30.1
(86.2) 		36.3
(97.3) 		41.4
(106.5) 		38.5
(101.3) 		36.5
(97.7) 		35.3
(95.5) 		31.6
(88.9) 		25.1
(77.2) 		19.4
(66.9) 		29.6
(85.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 10.0
(50.0) 		12.2
(54.0) 		17.2
(63.0) 		22.7
(72.9) 		28.2
(82.8) 		33.2
(91.8) 		32.3
(90.1) 		31.0
(87.8) 		28.8
(83.8) 		23.2
(73.8) 		16.2
(61.2) 		11.0
(51.8) 		22.2
(71.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.3
(36.1) 		5.5
(41.9) 		10.4
(50.7) 		15.3
(59.5) 		20.2
(68.4) 		25.1
(77.2) 		26.2
(79.2) 		25.5
(77.9) 		22.3
(72.1) 		14.9
(58.8) 		7.4
(45.3) 		2.7
(36.9) 		14.8
(58.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 47
(1.9) 		53
(2.1) 		67
(2.6) 		44
(1.7) 		20
(0.8) 		17
(0.7) 		88
(3.5) 		122
(4.8) 		45
(1.8) 		12
(0.5) 		14
(0.6) 		30
(1.2) 		559
(22.2)
Source: Climate-Data.org[49]

Economy

Mardan is part of a growing industrial centre,

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) near Rashakai. Although Rashakai is part of Nowshera District, its proximity with Mardan is expected to directly benefit the city[51][52]

Sports

In 2006, Mardan District government with the help of Government of Pakistan created a sports complex in Mardan city.[53] The complex, Mardan Sports Complex, has facilities for all major sports such as cricket, football, field hockey, swimming, and basketball. The swimming pool facility was built in 2011[54] while an international standard hockey turf was constructed at the sports complex at the cost Rs. 67.69 million in 2016.[55][56] Pakistan international football player Mansoor Khan is from Mardan. Prominent international cricketers born in Mardan include Younis Khan and Fakhar Zaman Naseem shah.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ 1881-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Mardan, which included Mardan Municipality and Mardan Cantonment.[22]: 19 
  2. ^ 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis

References

  1. ^ "Mardan City Council - KPK Local Body Election Result 2021". Geo News. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  2. ^ a b "Chief secy reviews progress on Mardan uplift projects". Dawn (newspaper). 8 January 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
  3. ^ "Spurious drugs seized in Mardan". The News International (newspaper). 15 January 2022. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  4. ^ "District Mardan". Department of Local Government, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d "Population and Household Detail From Block to District Level Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Mardan District)" (PDF). pbs.gov.pk. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. 3 January 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  6. ^ a b Tehsils & Unions in the District of Mardan – Government of Pakistan
  7. ^ "Pakistan City & Town Population List". Tageo.com website. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
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  9. ^ a b Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Shahbazgarhi Rock Edicts – UNESCO World Heritage Centre". UNESCO. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  10. ^ Khaliq, Fazal (1 June 2015). "Takht-i-Bhai: A Buddhist monastery in Mardan". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 8 November 2015.
  11. ^ "Table-1: Area & Population of Administrative Units By Rural/Urban: 1951-1998 Censuses" (PDF). Administrative Units.pdf. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
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  14. ^ "Bodleian Library | Carbon dating finds Bakhshali manuscript contains oldest recorded origins of the symbol 'zero'". University of Oxford. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
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  16. ^ "Zanana Hospital". Mardan. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
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  18. ^ General Description Of The District Mardan Archived 14 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ Pakistan Journal of History and Culture. National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research. 2007.
  20. ^ "4 Arrested For Destroying Ancient Buddha Statue In Mardan - Naya Daur". 18 July 2020.
  21. ^ "Area & Population of Administrative Units By Rural/Urban: 1951–1998 Censuses (pdf)" (PDF). pbs.gov.pk. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
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  34. ^ Newspaper, the (3 May 2011). "Wali Khan varsity's first convocation held". Dawn. Pakistan. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  35. ^ Correspondent, The Newspaper's (27 February 2014). "Mardan to have women university". Dawn. Pakistan. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  36. ^ waqar (21 January 2015). "CM Pervez Khattak announces Women University in Mardan". Pakhtunkwa – Find News, Books, Poetry and Places in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  37. ^ "UET Mardan campus upgraded to a university – The Express Tribune". The Express Tribune. 24 June 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  38. ^ "K-P govt plans to set up three universities – The Express Tribune". The Express Tribune. 28 October 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  39. ^ "UET Mardan campus to be upgraded into full fledge varsity, Atif". radiotnn.com. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  40. ^ "Recognized Medical Colleges in Pakistan". pmdc.org.pk. Archived from the original on 19 August 2010. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  41. ^ Newspaper, the (1 June 2012). "NEWS IN BRIEF". Dawn. Pakistan. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  42. ^ "Government Post-Graduate College Mardan – Online College Admission System, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa". admission.hed.gkp.pk. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
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  45. ^ Location of Mardan – Falling Rain Genomics Archived 2007-10-25 at archive.today
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  47. ^ Sarwar, Beena. "University Student the Latest Victim of Pakistan's 'Blasphemy' Vigilantism". thewire.in. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
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  54. ^ "Still afloat: Swimming pool in Mardan takes no divers – The Express Tribune". The Express Tribune. 5 February 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
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  56. ^ "Imran inaugurates Hayatabad Sports Complex". The Nation. Retrieved 18 December 2017.

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