Marie-Caroline of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duchess of Berry
| Princess Marie-Caroline | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brunnsee, Styria, Austria-Hungary | |||||
| Burial | |||||
| Spouse | |||||
| Issue 5 more... | Louise Marie, Duchess of Parma and Piacenza Henri, Count of Chambord Adinolfo Lucchesi-Palli, 9th Duke della Grazia | ||||
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| House | Bourbon-Two Sicilies | ||||
| Father | Francis I of the Two Sicilies | ||||
| Mother | Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria | ||||
| Signature |  | ||||
Marie-Caroline of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duchess of Berry
Early life
Caroline was born at
Caroline was baptised with the names of her paternal grandparents,
She spent her youth in
French marriage
In 1816, French ambassador
Even though it was arranged, the marriage was happy, with Caroline and her husband living at the
Widowhood
_with_her_daughter_Louise_Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_d%27Artois_(Fran%C3%A7ois_Kinson).jpg)
Charles Ferdinand was assassinated in 1820; Caroline was then pregnant with their fourth child,
In 1824, Louis XVIII died and was succeeded by Caroline's father-in-law as Charles X.
In the July Revolution of 1830, Charles X was overthrown. Both Charles and his elder son abdicated; but their cousin Louis Philippe of Orléans, who happened to be Caroline's paternal uncle by marriage, did not proclaim Henri as king. Instead Louis Philippe allowed the Chamber of Deputies to declare him king. Caroline and Henri went into exile with Charles and his family. She lived in Bath for a time, and then joined Charles and Louis Antoine in Edinburgh. Charles lived in Holyrood Palace, but Caroline (and also Louis Antoine) lived at 11 (now 12) Regent Terrace.[2][3]
Rebellion
Caroline did not find conditions in Edinburgh agreeable, nor did she accept her son's exclusion from the throne by the
In April 1832 she landed near Marseille. Receiving little support, she made her way to the Vendée and Brittany, where she succeeded in instigating a brief but abortive insurrection in June 1832. However, her followers were defeated. After remaining hidden for five months in a house in Nantes, she was betrayed by Simon Deutz to the government in November 1832,[5] and imprisoned in the Chateau of Blaye.[1]
During her incarceration, she gave birth to a daughter, and her remarriage was revealed, which lost her the sympathies of the Legitimists. She had French nationality by her marriage to the Duke of Berry, but lost it by her remarriage to an Italian; thus she was in theory ineligible to serve as regent. She was no longer an object of fear to the French government, which released her in June 1833.[1]
Later life
After her release, Marie-Caroline went to Sicily with her husband. The daughter born in prison died in infancy, as did another daughter born the following year, but they had four additional surviving children after that.[
In the turmoil of the
French novelist Alexandre Dumas wrote two stories about her and her plotting.
Patron of the arts
Even as a member of the royal family, the Duchess of Berry was an exceptional theatre-goer. She was the patron of the
The Duchess of Berry and her first husband, Charles-Ferdinand d'Artois, were enthusiastic art collectors. Her sale of 1822 was novel for its catalogue which contained lithographic reproductions of all the works.[8][9] Lithography, invented by Alois Senefelder, had only been fully described in 1818 in Vollstandiges Lehrbuch der Steindruckerei, translated into French in 1819. The lithographs, produced by Isidore Laurent Deroy[10] sparked an interest in the technique as a means for reproducing art.[11]
She was a collector of landscapes; her collection featured at least three by
The Duchess was known to patronise the
Issue
Children with Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry:[citation needed]
- Princess Louise Élisabeth (13 July 1817 – 14 July 1817)
- Prince Louis (born and died 13 September 1818)
- Princess Louise Marie Thérèse, Duchess of Parma (21 September 1819 – 1 February 1864)
- Prince Henri, Duke of Bordeaux and Count of Chambord (29 September 1820 – 24 August 1883)
Children with Ettore Carlo Lucchesi-Palli, 8th Duke della Grazia, son of the Prince of Campofranco:[citation needed]
- Anna Maria Rosalia Lucchesi-Palli (10 May 1833 – 19 August 1833); born during her mother's imprisonment at Blaye, in June 1833 she was released with her and moved to Italy, where her parents placed her in the care of a foster couple until her death, aged three months.[16][17]
- Clementina Lucchesi-Palli, Countess Zileri dal Verme (19 November 1835 – 22 March 1925)
- Francesca di Paola Lucchesi-Palli, Princess di Arsoli (12 October 1836 – 10 May 1923)
- Maria Isabella Lucchesi-Palli, Marchesa Cavriani then Contessa di Conti (18 March 1838 – 1 April 1873)
- Adinolfo Lucchesi-Palli, 9th Duke della Grazia, Prince of Campofranco (10 March 1840 – 4 February 1911)
Notes
- ^ Which became the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in December.
References
- ^ a b c Encyclopædia Britannica. "Marie-Caroline de Bourbon-Sicile, duchess de Berry". Retrieved 10 January 2014.
- ^ ISBN 0 85976 413 3
- ^ McCormack, Léo (Spring 2014). "The French Royals' Last Return to Edinburgh". Scottish Local History (88). Scottish Local History Forum: 25–31.
- ^ "Almanach de Gotha : contenant diverses connaissances curieuses et utiles pour l'année ..." Gallica. 1888. Retrieved 2023-10-12.
- .
- ^ Ca' Vendramin Calergi: La storia
- ISBN 9780520928909.
- ^ a b Bonnemaison, Féréol; Fereol Bonnemaison; J. Didot l'aîné (1822). Galerie de son Altesse Royale Madame la duchesse de Berry. Tome 1 (in French). Paris. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
- ^ Bonnemaison, Féréol; Fereol Bonnemaison; J. Didot l'aîné (1822). Galerie de son Altesse Royale Madame la duchesse de Berry. Tome 2 (in French). Paris. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
- ^ ISBN 9781907200021. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
- ISBN 9789053569139.
- ISBN 9780300089721.
- ISBN 9780300119701.
- ISBN 9780300045321.
- )
- ISBN 9781596910577.
- ^ Note: the birth date is incorrect. Anna Maria Rosalia Lucchesi Palli in: geneall.net. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). "Berri, Duchesse de". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.
Further reading
- Catherine Mary (Charlton) Bearne. Four Fascinating French Women. London: T. F. Unwin, 1910.
- Cronin, Vincent. Four Women in Pursuit of an Ideal. London: Collins, 1965; also published as The Romantic Way. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1966.
- Hippolyte Thirria. La duchesse de Berry (S.A.R. Madame) 1798–1870: Nombreux documents inédits. Paris: T. J. Plange, 1900.
- P. F. Willert. "Review of La Duchesse de Berry (S.A.R. Madame) 1798–1870 par H. Thirria". The English Historical Review. 16 (64): 809–811. October 1901.
- Maurice Samuels, The Betrayal of the Duchess New York: Basic Books 2020 ISBN 9781541645455
External links
Media related to Caroline de Bourbon (1798–1870) at Wikimedia Commons- Bern, Stéphane (29 September 2020). Secrets d'histoire - La duchesse de Berry, une rebelle chez les Bourbons (Television documentary) (in French). France 3.
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