Max Simon

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This article is about the SS-Gruppenführer. For other uses, see Max Simon (disambiguation).
Max Simon
Breslau, German Empire
Died1 February 1961(1961-02-01) (aged 62)
Lünen, West Germany
Allegiance
Branch 
XIII SS Corps
Battles/warsWorld War I

World War II

Awards
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves

Max Simon (6 January 1899 – 1 February 1961) was a German

SS commander and war criminal during World War II. Simon was one of the first members of the SS in the early 1930s. He rose through the ranks of the SS, and became a corps commander during World War II. After the war, Simon was convicted for his role in the Marzabotto massacre and the Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre
.

Early career

Simon was born in

Macedonia and on the Western Front, being awarded the Iron Cross 2nd class. At the end of the war he joined the Freikorps in Silesia and fought against the Polish forces. His unit was later incorporated into the Reichswehr as the 16th Cavalry Regiment and Simon was promoted to Unterfeldwebel
.

In May 1933 he joined the

SS and the Nazi Party, and was assigned to the 47th SS-Standarte in Gera and was promoted to Untersturmführer (Second Lieutenant) in November 1934, until ordered to raise a new unit in 1935, 1st SS Totenkopfstandarte Oberbayern and given the rank of Standartenführer (Colonel).[citation needed] In 1934 he was appointed as the commander of the Sachsenburg concentration camp.[1] In 1938 he took part in the Anschluss of Austria, the occupation of Bohemia and Moravia and the occupation of the Sudetenland
.

World War II

At the start of World War II, the SS Regiment was renamed in October 1939. The 1st SS Totenkopfstandarte Oberbayern, as the 1st Panzer Grenadier Regiment

SS Division Totenkopf and was later renamed the 5th Panzer Grenadier regiment in 1943. During the Battle of France, Simon led his regiment in the capture of Pixie, Lyon, Orléans, Tours and Bordeaux
and then advanced to the border with Spain.

In July 1941, Simon took part in the invasion of Soviet Union,

SS Division Reichsführer-SS
.

The SS Division Reichsführer-SS was to be formed in Hungary from Simon's old regiment and the

Apennines.[citation needed] The division also fought against partisans behind the lines, perpetrating several major atrocities against civilians (Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre and Marzabotto massacre), for which Simon was awarded the Oakleaves for the Knight's Cross and the German Cross in Gold, in October 1944.[1]

In November 1944, Simon was promoted and was given command of the

Lorraine region against the United States Army, and from December 1944 defended the Siegfried Line
.

The XIII SS Army Corps retreated into the Saarland and the Palatinate where it started to destroy the Rhine bridges. In April 1945 between Main and Jagst it came up against the 4th US Armored Division and took part in heavy fighting around the Tauber – Colombia line and around Würzburg and Nuremberg. The Corps then fought a withdrawal to the Danube and around Munich. On the orders of Simon the bridges over the Isar approaching Austria were not blown up, as he believed there was no need as the end of the war was near.

Killings in Brettheim

Brettheim memorial

Brettheim is a village in the Schwäbisch Hall district of Baden-Württemberg. Simon ordered the execution of Friedrich Hanselmann, Leonhard Gackstatter and Leonhard Wolfmeyer for Wehrkraftzersetzung ("undermining military morale") on 10 April 1945. The farmer Hanselmann had taken away the weapons of 15-year-old boys from the Hitler Youth and had thrown them into the local pond. The boys reported this to their commanding officer SS-Sturmbannführer Gottschalk, who had Hanselmann arrested. Gottschalk sentenced Hanselmann to death and asked the mayor of Brettheim, Gackstatter, and the teacher Wolfmeyer to confirm the sentence. The two men refused and were subsequently also arrested and sentenced to death. The men were executed by hanging and strung up on a tree at the entrance of the local cemetery. Simon had ordered that the bodies be left hanging for four days. On 17 April 1945 American tanks approached the village. The SS had declared Brettheim a "cornerstone of the German defense" and prevented the hoisting of white flags. The Americans opened fire, and within a short time the village became a burning inferno. 17 civilians were killed.[4]

On 1 May 1945 the Corps surrendered to the American forces.

War crimes conviction

After the war, Max Simon was sentenced to death by a British court for his part in the Marzabotto massacre. This sentence was later changed to life imprisonment. Simon was released from prison in 1954.

Simon was subsequently tried three times by West German courts for the killings in Brettheim and other crimes, but, "to the horror of the West German public," was found not guilty.[5] Simon died in 1961. Even in death, Simon caused some controversy, as HIAG, an organization of former Waffen-SS members, attempted to place a glorifying obituary for him in the German newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine. To HIAG's indignation, the newspaper refused to run the obituary.[5]

Awards

  • Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (13 September 1939) & 1st class (2 October 1939)[6]
  • Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
    • Knight's Cross on 20 October 1941 as SS-Oberführer and commander of SS-Totenkopf-Infanterie-Regiment 1[7]
    • Oak Leaves on 28 October 1944 as SS-Gruppenführer and Generalleutnant of the Waffen-SS and commander of 16. SS-Panzergrenadier-Division "Reichsführer-SS"[8]
  • German Cross in Gold on 9 October 1944 as SS-Gruppenführer and Generalleutnant of the Waffen-SS in the 16. SS-Panzergrenadier-Division "Reichsführer-SS"[9]

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b Valhalla's Warriors By Terry Goldsworthy, p.235
  2. ^ Mitcham, Samuel W. Jr. German Order of Battle, Volume 3. p. 164.
  3. ^ Williamson & Bujeiro 2005, p. 31.
  4. ^ "Die Männer von Brettheim". Brettheimmuseum (in German). Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  5. ^ a b Frankfurter Allgemeine 2010.
  6. ^ Thomas 1998, p. 326.
  7. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 401.
  8. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 91.
  9. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 446.

Bibliography

External links
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