Ministry of Science (Spain)
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | |
Headquarters of the Ministry of Science | |
Agency overview | |
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Formed | April 5, 1979 | (as Ministry of Universities and Research)
Preceding agencies |
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Type | Ministry |
Jurisdiction | Government of Spain |
Headquarters | Paseo de la Castellana, 162 Madrid, Spain |
Employees | 23,475 (2023)[note 1][1] |
Annual budget | € 7.7 billion, 2023[2] |
Minister responsible |
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Agency executives |
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Website | Ministry of Science (in spanish) |
The Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) is the
MICIU is headed by the Minister of Science, who is appointed by the Monarch at request of the Prime Minister. The Minister is assisted by five main officials, the Secretary of State for Science, Innovation and Universities, the Secretary-General for Research, the Secretary-General for Universities, the Secretary-General for Innovation and the Ministry's Under-Secretary. The current Minister is Diana Morant.[4][5]
The first predecessor of this ministry was established during the regency of Maria Christina of Austria with the creation of the Ministry of Public Instruction and Fine Arts, formed by Royal Decree of the April 18, 1900. The first minister was Antonio García Alix. This ministry included an area for the "promotion of science".[6]
History
Origins
At the very beginning, like many of the current ministries, the Ministry of Science responsibilities were integrated in the Ministry of Development when it was created in 1832.
The first attempt of separating the responsibilities on education and science from the Development Ministry happened in 1886. This year, in order to give more autonomy to the education matters it was passed the Royal Decree of May 7, 1886,.
Ministry of Public Instruction
Fourteen years later and inspired by the decree of 1886, the Budget Act of 1900 approved the necessary credit to split the Ministry of Development into two new ministries, and the science responsibilities were transferred to the new Ministry of Public Instruction and Fine Arts which assumed the competencies provided for in the decree of 1886.[8]
In 1907, the Count of Gimeno, Minister of Education, created the Board for the Extension of Studies and Scientific Research (JAE). This new institution was heir to the principles of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza, and with it was intended to end Spanish isolation and link with European science and culture, as well as prepare the personnel in charge of carrying out the necessary reforms in the areas of science, culture and education. In this way, the effort to reform, to regenerate the country, became a national enterprise, independent of the political swings, in which intellectuals of different ideology were involved.
The JAE created dozens of laboratories, research centers and gave hundreds of scholarships for research abroad as well as connecting intellectuals from Spain and the rest of Europe. Since its inception was chaired by the Medicine Nobel Prize winner Santiago Ramón y Cajal.[9]
Dictatorship and CSIC
During the Civil War, Franco created the Technical Board of the State (1936–38) to rule the country and the science responsibilities were assumed by the Commission of Culture and Education. With the Civil War over and the Ministry of Education restored, the science responsibilities were maintained in the Education Ministry. In 1939 it was created the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) which assumed the research centers and laboratories from the Board for the Extension of Studies and Scientific Research, from the Foundation for Scientific Research and Reform Studies and from the Institute of Spain. Minister José Ibáñez Martín was its first President.
Without permanent staff, the first years of the CSIC was limited to consultative responsibilities to the Government, but in 1945 it was approved the first permanent scientific positions, limited to technical research and agriculture.[10]
The last years of the dictatorship were the most relevant to science. In 1966,[11] the Ministry of National Education was renamed Ministry of Education and Science being this one the first time that the word "science" appeared in a Ministry and remained like that until 1979 when for the first time the responsibilities on universities and research got their own ministry named Ministry of Universities and Research.
Democracy
This new ministry assumed the functions of the
Without reaching two years of life, the Ministry was merged again with the Education Ministry and, with different denominations, remained so until in 2000, when the Premier José María Aznar, created the Ministry of Science and Technology that grouped the competences on scientific research of the Ministry of Education, and the competences on technological development of the Ministry of Industry and Energy, including telecommunications; retaining the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport the universities responsibilities.[14]
After four years without much success, the ministry was reinstated in the Education Ministry by Prime Minister
Already with a better economic situation, the new government of
In 2020, the department lost its power over universities due to the creation of the Department of Universities. In November 2023, and after years of insistence by the scientific and university community, the University Ministry was abolished and its functions returned to this department.[17]
Organization chart
The Department of Science and Innovation is structured in the following bodies:[3]
- The Secretariat of State for Science, Innovation and Universities
- The General Secretariat for Research
- The Technical Cabinet
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Consortiums, Organizations and International Scientific Infrastructures
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Large Scientific-Technical Facilities
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Public Research Organizations and Entities
- The General Secretariat for Universities
- The Technical Cabinet
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Institutional Relations, Programs and Quality in Universities
- The Deputy Directorate-General for University Professors Training and Management of Aid Programs
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Degrees and University Planning
- The General Secretariat for Innovation
- The Technical Cabinet
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Innovation Promotion
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Innovation Policies
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Aerospace Policy and Strategy
- The Special Commissioner for Vanguard Health.
- The Technical Division for Vanguard Health
- The Directorate-General for Planning, Coordination and Knowledge Transfer
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Transfer
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Institutional Relations and International Coordination
- The General Secretariat for Research
- The Undersecretariat of Science, Innovation and Universities
- The Technical General Secretariat
- The Deputy Technical General Secretariat
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Administrative Appeals and Court Relations
- The División for Citizen Services and Publications
- The División for Transparency and Data Protection
- The Technical Cabinet
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Human Resources and Inspection of Services
- The Administrative Office
- The Deputy Directorate-General for Economic Management
- The Budget Office
- The Deputy Directorate-General for European Funds for Research, Innovation and Universities
- The IT Division
- The Technical General Secretariat
Agencies
- The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
- The State Research Agency (AEI).
- The Spanish Space Agency(AEE).
- The Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII).
- The Research Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT).
- The Canary Islands Institute of Astrophysics(IAC).
- The National Museum of Science and Technology (MUNCYT).
- The Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology (CDTI).
- The Institute of Spain.
- The University Council.
- The University Policy General Conference.
- The State University Student Council.
- The College of Spain in Paris.
- The Menéndez Pelayo International University (UIMP).
- The National University of Distance Education (UNED)
- The National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation (ANECA).
- The Spanish Service for the Internationalization of Education (SEPIE).
List of officeholders
Office name:
- Ministry of Universities and Research (1979–1981)
- Ministry of Science and Technology (2000–2004)
- Ministry of Science and Innovation (2008–2011; 2020–2023)
- Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (2018–2020; 2023–present)
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | Government | Prime Minister (Tenure) |
Ref. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Duration | ||||||||
Luis González Seara (1936–2016) |
6 April 1979 |
27 February 1981 |
1 year and 327 days | UCD | Suárez III | Adolfo Suárez (1976–1981) |
[18] [19] | |||
Juan Antonio Ortega y Díaz-Ambrona (born 1939) |
27 February 1981 |
7 March 1981 |
8 days | UCD | Calvo-Sotelo | Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo (1981–1982) |
[20] [21] | |||
Office disestablished during this interval.[a] | ||||||||||
Anna Birulés (born 1954) |
28 April 2000 |
10 July 2002 |
2 years and 73 days | Independent | Aznar II | José María Aznar (1996–2004) |
[22] [23] | |||
Josep Piqué (1955–2023) |
10 July 2002 |
4 September 2003 |
1 year and 56 days | PP | [24] [25] | |||||
Juan Costa (born 1965) |
4 September 2003 |
18 April 2004 |
227 days | PP | [26] [27] | |||||
Office disestablished during this interval.[b] | ||||||||||
Cristina Garmendia (born 1962) |
14 April 2008 |
22 December 2011 |
3 years and 252 days | Independent | Zapatero II | José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004–2011) |
[28] [29] | |||
Office disestablished during this interval.[c] | ||||||||||
Pedro Duque (born 1963) |
7 June 2018 |
13 January 2020 |
3 years and 35 days | Independent | Sánchez I | Pedro Sánchez (2018–present) |
[30] [31] [32] | |||
13 January 2020 |
12 July 2021 |
Sánchez II | ||||||||
Diana Morant (born 1980) |
12 July 2021 |
21 November 2023 |
2 years and 343 days | PSOE | [33] [34] | |||||
21 November 2023 |
Incumbent | Sánchez III |
See also
- Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
- Spanish National Research Council
Notes
- ^ The department's competences were transferred to the Ministry of Education and Science between 1981 and 1996, and to the Ministry of Education and Culture between 1996 and 2000.
- ^ The department's competences were transferred to the Ministry of Education and Science between 2004 and 2008.
- ^ The department's competences were transferred to the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness between 2011 and 2016, and to the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness between 2016 and 2018.
Notes and references
- Official website of Ministry of Science (in Spanish)
- ^ "Personal al servicio del Sector Público Estatal". www.igae.pap.hacienda.gob.es. 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
- ^ "2023 State Budget" (PDF). www.boe.es. 1 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
- ^ a b "Royal Decree 472/2024, of May 7, by which the basic organic structure of the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities is developed". www.boe.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-05-08.
- ^ Jones, Sam (2018-06-06). "Spanish PM appoints 11 women and six men to new cabinet". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
- ^ esa. "ESA astronaut Pedro Duque appointed to new Spanish government". European Space Agency. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
- ^ "Instituto de Formación del Profesorado, Investigación e Innovación Educativa (IFIIE) - Gobierno de España - Ministerio de Educación". 2011-11-08. Archived from the original on 2011-11-08. Retrieved 2018-06-16.
- ^ "Royal decree abolishing the Ministry of Development from July 1 next, which will be replaced by two others that will be called Ministry of Public Instruction and Sciences, Letters and Fine Arts and Ministry of Public Works, Agriculture, Industry and Trade" (PDF).
- ^ "Royal decree suppressing the Ministry of Development and creating in its place those of Public Instruction and Public Works" (PDF).
- ^ "Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas". www.jae2010.csic.es. Retrieved 2019-04-14.
- ^ "las primeras reformas - csic.es". www.csic.es. Retrieved 2019-04-14.
- ^ "Law 35/1966, of May 31, on change of name of the Ministry of National Education for Education and Science and restructuring of Section 18 of the General State Budget". boe.es. Retrieved 2019-04-14.
- ^ "Royal Decree 1558/1977, of July 4, by which certain organs of the Central State Administration are restructured". www.boe.es. Retrieved 2019-04-14.
- ^ "Royal Decree 708/1979, of April 5, by which certain organs of the Central State Administration are restructured". boe.es. p. 8190. Retrieved 2019-04-14.
- ^ "Royal Decree 557/2000, of April 27, on the restructuring of ministerial departments". www.boe.es. pp. 16445–16446. Retrieved 2019-04-14.
- S2CID 159821556.
- S2CID 51620817.
- ^ Silió, Elisa (2023-11-21). "Fusionar de nuevo los ministerios de Universidades y Ciencia: la petición diaria de rectores y científicos". El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-11-23.
- ISSN 0212-033X.
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- UNED. In the other hand, Spain has more than 230,000 university employees although universities are independent.
External links
- Official website (in Spanish)