Moeritherium

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Moeritherium
Temporal range: Late Eocene, 37–35 
Ma
↓
M. lyonsi skull front view, at the Royal BC Museum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Proboscidea
Family: †Moeritheriidae
C.W. Andrews, 1906
Genus: †Moeritherium
C.W. Andrews, 1901
Type species
Moeritherium lyonsi
Andrews, 1901
Species

Moeritherium ("the beast from

hyraxes. They lived during the Eocene
epoch.

Description

Moeritherium was a rotund semi-aquatic mammal with short, stubby legs that lived about 37–35 million years ago.[1] Its body shape and lifestyle demonstrate convergent evolution with pigs, tapirs, and the pygmy hippopotamus. Moeritherium was smaller than most or all later proboscideans, standing only 70 centimetres (2.3 ft) high at the shoulder and weighing 235 kilograms (518 lb).[2]

The shape of the skull suggests that, while Moeritherium did not have an elephant-like trunk, it may have had a broad flexible upper lip like a tapir's for grasping aquatic vegetation. The second incisor teeth formed small tusks, although these would have looked more like the teeth of a hippo than a modern elephant.[3][4]

Ecology

Isotopic analysis suggests that Moertherium was amphibious/semiaquatic and probably consumed freshwater plants.[5]

Life reconstruction of M. lyonsi

Discovery

In 1901,

Bir El Ater, Algeria.[11]

Partial M. andrewsi skull with reconstruction
Life restoration from 1920
Skeleton in Japan

Classification

Moeritherium is not thought to be directly ancestral to modern elephants; it was a branch of Proboscidea that died out, leaving no descendants. There were several species of other primitive proboscideans in existence during the Eocene, and some, such as Phiomia and Palaeomastodon, looked comparatively more like modern elephants. However, Moeritherium was clearly a side branch of the proboscidean family tree, having evolved to resemble other rotund semiaquatic mammals such as pigs, tapirs, and hippos instead of having the typical proboscidean body form.[12]

References

  1. ^ a b Koehl, D. 2006 The genus Moeritherium, ancestor of elephants. Downloaded on 6 December 2006.
  2. doi:10.4202/app.00136.2014
    .
  3. ISBN 978-1-84028-152-1
    .
  4. ISBN 978-0-8160-1194-0
    .
  5. PMID 18413605
    .
  6. ^ a b Matsumoto, H. 1922. Revision of Palæomastodon and Mœritherium. Palæomastodon intermedius, and Phiomia osborni, new species. American Museum Novitates. Number 51, November 21.
  7. ^ a b Matsumoto, H. 1923. A Contribution to the Knowledge of Mœritherium. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History ; v. 48, article 4. p. 97-140.
  8. ^ ABC Online. 2002. ABC - Science - Beasts - Moeritherium Factfile Downloaded on 6 December 2006.
  9. ^ BBC Homepage. 2006. - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Moeritherium Downloaded on 6 December 2006.
  10. ^ Schlosser Max (1911) "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der oligozänen Landsäugetiere aus dem Fayum, Ägypten." Beiträge zur Paläontologie und Geologie Österreich-Ungarns, 24: 1–167.
  11. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00548.x
    .
  12. ^ Stockdale, M.; Musgrove, L. Ancient Proboscideans Archived 2017-03-16 at the Wayback Machine University of Bristol 2011.
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