Naval Air Station Key West

Coordinates: 24°34′33″N 081°41′20″W / 24.57583°N 81.68889°W / 24.57583; -81.68889
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Key West International Airport.
Naval Air Station Key West
Boca Chica Field
Near
AMSL
Runways
Direction Length and surface
08/26 3,048.3 metres (10,001 ft) 
Porous European Mix
(PEM)
04/22 2,134.21 metres (7,002 ft) PEM
14/32 2,133.9 metres (7,001 ft) PEM
Source: Federal Aviation Administration[1]
Marker for the Truman Annex, Key West Naval Station

Naval Air Station Key West (

Key West, Florida, United States.[3]

NAS Key West is an

air combat maneuvering ranges are equipped with the P5 Combat Training System/Tactical Combat Training System (P5CTS/TCTS)[4]
which tracks and records aerial maneuvers.

On a broader scale, NAS Key West's national security mission supports operational and readiness requirements for the

U.S. Coast Guard), Air National Guard and Army National Guard units, other federal agencies, and allied military forces.[5]

The air station is also host to several tenant commands, including

U.S. Army Special Forces Underwater Operations School and Headquarters, Joint Interagency Task Force South
(JIATF South).

History

1823–1914

The U.S. Navy's presence in Key West dates back to 1823 when a Naval Base was established to stop

battleship Maine sailed from Key West to Havana, Cuba, where it later exploded while at anchor and sank. The sinking of the Maine resulted in the United States declaring war on Spain, and the entire U.S. Atlantic Fleet
moved to Key West for the duration of the war.

World War I

During

German ships
from reaching Mexican oil supplies.

The nation's southernmost Naval Base proved to be an ideal year-round training facility with rapid access to the open sea lanes and ideal flying conditions for Naval Aviation. The Navy's forces were expanded to include

blimps. Ground was broken for construction of a small coastal air patrol station on 13 July 1917 at what is now Trumbo Point on land leased from the Florida East Coast Railway Company. The project involved dredging, erection of station buildings, three seaplane ramps, a dirigible hangar, a hydrogenerator plant, and temporary barracks
.

On 22 September of that year, the base's log book recorded the first naval flight ever made from Key West – a

U.S. Coast Guard
Lieutenant Stanley Parker. About three months later, on 18 December, Naval Air Base Key West was commissioned and LT Parker became the first Commanding Officer.

Naval Air Base Key West pilots flew in search of

antisubmarine warfare
was beginning to prove itself in combat.

On 18 January 1918, the first class of student aviators arrived for seaplane training, which launched the station's reputation as a premier training site for

Naval Aviators
, a reputation which continues today. The base was primarily used for antisubmarine patrol operations and as an elemental flight training station, with more than 500 aviators trained at the station during World War I.

Interwar period

After World War I, the base was decommissioned and its personnel were transferred or released. Most of the buildings were destroyed or dismantled and moved to other locations. The remaining facilities were used only occasionally during 1920–1930 for seaplane training. The station remained inactive until 1939.

The seaplane base was designated as a Naval Air Station Key West on 15 December 1940 and served as an operating and training base for fleet aircraft squadrons, to include seaplane, land-based aircraft, carrier-based aircraft and lighter-than-air blimp squadrons. This set the stage for America's entry into World War II. The government had retained the property during the interwar period of the 1920s and 1930s, which proved to be a wise decision as the nation scrambled to re-arm in a state of emergency at the outbreak of the war.

World War II

Barracks, Dec. 1939

Naval Base Key West was reopened just prior to the United States' entry into

PBY flying boat and amphibious aircraft. Other satellite facilities were established to support other war efforts, including Meachum Field
for lighter-than-air blimp operations on Key West, and runways for land-based and carrier-based aircraft on Boca Chica Key.

By 1943,

U-boats
decreased. In March 1945, the satellite airfields, some previously known as Naval Auxiliary Air Facility Boca Chica and Naval Auxiliary Air Station Boca Chica were disestablished and combined into a single aviation activity designated as U.S. Naval Air Station, Key West.

Aerial view of NAS Key West in the 1940s

Cold War

After World War II ended, NAS Key West was retained as a training facility. On 1 June 1962, the Navy AN/FPS-37 Radar site was added to the

65th Air Defense Artillery) was to stay until 1979. 6-65 ADA became 1-65 ADA on 13 September 1972; the battalion stayed in the area until June 1979, when it was moved to Fort Bliss.[6]

NAS Key West was to become a focal point during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, which posed the first doorstep threat to the United States in more than a century. Reconnaissance and operational flights were begun 22 October 1962, in support of the blockade around Cuba. During the Missile Crisis, Key West cemented its claim to the title "Gibraltar of the Gulf", coined over a hundred years earlier by Commodore David Porter.

By 1964, the USAF added an

ARSR-4 radar is part of the Joint Surveillance System (JSS), designated by NORAD as Southeast Air Defense Sector (SEADS) Ground Equipment Facility "J-07".[8] Literally built up from sea bottom, reefs, tidal areas and mangrove swamps, all of the NAS Key West sites, including the Harry S. Truman Annex (formerly Naval Station Key West), Trumbo Point, Meacham Field (Key West International Airport
), and Boca Chica, were now permanently etched in military history.

In 1946,

NAS Quonset Point
, Rhode Island prior to its final relocation to NAS Jacksonville.

In the 1970s,

EF-4B/EF-4J Phantom II aircraft. Reporting as an element of the Fleet Electronic Warfare Support Group
(FEWSG), the squadron provided "Orange Air" electronic adversary services for fleet training until its disestablishment the early 1990s. VAQ-33 was also the last A-3 Fleet Replacement Squadron (FRS) and Fleet Readiness Aviation Maintenance Personnel (FRAMP) school, providing training for A-3 Skywarrior pilots, navigators, electronic warfare officers, enlisted aircrewmen and maintenance personnel. VAQ-33 remained at NAS Key West until it was inactivated in 1993.

NAS Pensacola
.

In 1973, Reconnaissance Attack Wing 1 (RECONATKWING ONE) began relocation from the closing

Enterprise and Nimitz
class aircraft carriers. All RVAH squadrons were in place at NAS Key West by late 1974 and all were eventually decommissioned over a six-year period that coincided with the phased retirement of the RA-5C. Following decommissioning of the last RA-5C squadron, RVAH-7, Reconnaissance Attack Wing ONE subsequently stood down in early 1980.

F-14B BuNo 163222 of VF-101

Due to its superb flying weather, NAS Key West has also hosted several permanent detachments of the fighter and strike fighter Fleet Replacement Squadrons (FRS) at

VF-101
), from the 1960s through 1970s in the F-4 and the 1970s through 2005 in the F-14. The focus of both of these detachments revolved around the Fleet Fighter Air Readiness Program (FFARP).

The Atlantic Fleet

NAS Cecil Field
, Florida until 1999 and since based at NAS Oceana, continues to maintain an NAS Key West detachment to this day in support of FFARP's successor, the Strike Fighter Advanced Readiness Program (SFARP).

VFA-106 F/A-18Cs and VFC-111 F-5Ns at NAS Key West, 2007

During the 1980s and 1990s,

F-16N Fighting Falcon aircraft. Decommissioned in the late 1990s due to post-Cold War budget cuts, VF-45's former mission at NAS Key West is now performed by Fighter Composite Squadron 111 (VFC-111), an active duty integrated Navy Reserve
squadron flying the F-5N and F-5F.

Late Cold War / Post-Cold War / Present day

During the 1980s and into the mid-1990s, NAS Key West's Trumbo Point Annex and Truman Annex waterfront pier areas served as the home port for the Pegasus-class hydrofoils of Patrol Hydrofoil Missile Squadron TWO (PHMRON TWO).

In the late summer of 1994, NAS Key West also served as a primary staging base for Operations Support Democracy and

AWACS aircraft and the Pennsylvania Air National Guard's EC-130E Hercules
"Commando Solo" aircraft that were engaged in the operations.

On 5 October 2001, Naval Air Station Key West was temporarily downgraded and redesignated as Naval Air Facility Key West, but on 1 April 2003, the air facility was upgraded and restored back to full air station status as Naval Air Station Key West.[9]

U-2S
landing at NAS Key West in 2008 with a VFC-111 F-5N in foreground.

As in the past, NAS Key West continues to be frequently utilized for detachments by active and reserve U.S. Navy strike fighter squadrons and carrier airborne early warning squadrons,

Naval Flight Officer
training detachments, primarily student Naval Aviators in the strike aircraft pipeline during initial carrier qualifications.

Units conducting detachment training at NAS Key West utilize the Key West Complex airspace, a system of overwater Warning Areas to the south between the Florida Keys and the island of Cuba, to the west beyond the Dry Tortugas, and to the northwest over the Gulf of Mexico. Warning Area 174 (W-174), Warning Area 465 (W-465), the Key West OPAREA, and the Bonefish Air Traffic Control Assigned Airspace (ATCAA) define the Key West Complex airspace. The majority of the airspace is covered by a Tactical Aircrew Combat Training System (TACTS) range that continuously tracks aircraft positions and maneuvering parameters, recording everything for later playback during mission debrief.[10]

U.S. Navy

U.S. Coast Guard
and Joint Interagency Task Force South (JIATF – SOUTH).

In 2019, a 20-year-old Chinese student received a year in prison for photographing the facility.[11]

Tenant commands

Facilities

Several structures of the main base of NAS Key West can be seen on Boca Chica Key

NAS Key West's Boca Chica Field has three paved runways:

  • Runway 08/26: 10,001 x 200 ft. (3,048 x 61 m), Surface: PEM
  • Runway 04/22: 7,002 x 150 ft. (2,134 x 46 m), Surface: PEM
  • Runway 14/32: 7,001 x 150 ft. (2,134 x 46 m), Surface: PEM

[12]

Auxiliary annexes

In addition to the main air station on Boca Chica Key, NAS Key West comprises several separate annexes in the Key West area. These additional properties include:

  • Truman Annex (the former Naval Station Key West surface ship and submarine base until 1974)
  • Trumbo Point Annex (the former NAS Key West seaplane base)
  • Sigsbee Park Annex
  • Naval Branch Health Clinic Key West (site of the former Naval Hospital Key West)

NAS Key West also holds responsibility for several other properties and activities in the Florida Keys. Most military family housing, as well as the Navy Exchange, Commissary, Navy Lodge guest billeting, RV park and other Morale, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) activities are located at Sigsbee Park, a man-made island on the north side of Key West created from dredging of seaplane runways for the NAS Key West seaplane base at Trumbo Point in the 1940s. Family housing is located at both Trumbo Point and the Truman Annex, while single enlisted service members are housed at the main installation at Boca Chica and on Truman Annex. Family housing is managed by Balfour Beatty Communities, a public-private venture (PPV) partner.

Also at Trumbo Point is the Navy Gateway Inns and Suites (NGIS), formerly known as the Bachelor Officers Quarters (BOQ) and later the Combined Bachelor Quarters (CBQ). NGIS accommodates transient government personnel and dependents. Distinguished Visitors (DV) quarters are also available for senior commissioned officers (O-6 through O-10). The CBQ is very visible from North Roosevelt Boulevard and Palm Avenue, with its "FLY NAVY" logo painted prominently on the south side of the building (it is the tallest building on the island of Key West). It is approximately a mile, or a twenty-five-minute walk, from the NGIS to Duval Street downtown.

Truman Annex is the remaining portion of the former Naval Station Key West that closed in 1974 that is still under military control. It has a beach and is the location of Headquarters,

National Historic Site
.

Fleming Key is the site of the

U.S. Air Force installation located north of Key West on Cudjoe Key, that is home to the Cudjoe Key Tethered Aerostat Radar System[13]

Accidents and incidents

The following notable accidents and incidents have occurred at NAS Key West:

  • April 25, 1951:
    bureau number 39939, on a practice instrument approach to NAS Key West. Both aircraft plunged into the sea; Navy personnel at the base witnessed the accident and immediately launched rescue and recovery efforts, but all 34 passengers and five crew aboard the DC-4 were killed, along with the pilot-instructor, two student pilots, and radio operator aboard the SNB. The accident occurred at midday, weather was clear with unlimited visibility, and both flights had been cleared to fly under visual flight rules, being expected to "see and avoid" other aircraft; the student flying the SNB was wearing view-limiting goggles, but the other SNB crew were not, and were expected to keep watch. Ground witnesses said that neither aircraft took evasive action prior to the collision, and the Civil Aeronautics Board attributed the accident to the failure of both flight crews to see and avoid conflicting air traffic.[14]

See also

References

  1. PDF
  2. ^ Ranter, Harro. "Key West NAS, FL profile - Aviation Safety Network". aviation-safety.net.
  3. PDF
    , effective 2007-10-25
  4. ^ "Cubic's Next Generation Air Combat Training System Now Operational at NAS Key West, Luke AFB > Cubic Corporation". www.cubic.com. Archived from the original on 2011-05-19.
  5. ^ "Naval Air Station Key West". cnic.navy.mil.
  6. ^ a b "65th Artillery History". Archived from the original on 2019-05-16. Retrieved 2019-05-16.
  7. ^ Key West Hawk Missile Site Map. Keyshistory.org. Retrieved on 2013-09-18.
  8. ^ Winkler, David F. (1997), Searching the skies: the legacy of the United States Cold War defense radar program. Prepared for United States Air Force Headquarters Air Combat Command.
  9. ^ "NAS Key West: Command History". Naval Air Station Key West (official site). Archived from the original on 2006-12-09. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  10. ^ Pike, John. "Key West Complex". www.globalsecurity.org.
  11. ^ "Chinese student sentenced for photos of US Navy base - CNN Video". CNN.
  12. ^ "Key West Naval Air Station (Boca Chica Field)". Retrieved 2016-01-20.
  13. ^ "Naval Air Station Key West". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
  14. ^ Investigation of Aircraft Accident: COMPANIA CUBANA DE AVIACION AND U.S. NAVY: KEY WEST, FLORIDA: 1951-04-25 (Report). Civil Aeronautics Board. October 22, 1951. F-104-51. Retrieved January 18, 2022.

External links

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