New Flemish Alliance
New Flemish Alliance Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie | |
---|---|
Jong N-VA | |
Membership (2018) | 45,000[1] |
Ideology | |
Political position | Centre-right[2] to right-wing[3] |
Regional affiliation | Christian Group[4] |
European affiliation | European Free Alliance |
International affiliation | International Democracy Union |
European Parliament group | European Conservatives and Reformists |
Colours | Gold Black |
Slogan | De verandering werkt.[5] Change works. Voor Vlaanderen. Voor Vooruitgang.[6] (2019) For Flanders. For Progress. |
Chamber of Representatives | 25 / 88 (Flemish seats) |
Senate | 9 / 35 (Flemish seats) |
Flemish Parliament | 35 / 124 |
Brussels Parliament | 3 / 17 (Flemish seats) |
European Parliament | 3 / 12 (Flemish seats) |
Flemish Provincial Councils | 46 / 175 |
Benelux Parliament | 4 / 21 |
Party flag | |
Website | |
english | |
The New Flemish Alliance (
The N-VA is a
The N-VA was established as a centre-right party with the main objective of working towards furthering Flemish autonomy and redefining Belgium as a confederal country through gradually obtaining more powers for both Belgian communities separately with the belief that this will pave the way for eventual Flemish independence.[25] During its early years, the N-VA mostly followed the platform of the former VU by characterising itself as a big tent[26] party with Flemish nationalism as its central theme. Furthermore, it emphasized a pragmatic and non-revolutionary image (as opposed to the far-right character of the other main Flemish pro-separatist party Vlaams Belang) in order to legitimise increased Flemish autonomy. The party also espoused non-interventionalist and pro-individual freedom messages in its original platform.[27] In subsequent years, the N-VA moved to the right and adopted a distinctly conservative identity under the leadership of Bart De Wever, who succeeded the founding leader Geert Bourgeois. The party used to be pro-Europeanist,[28][29] and previously advocated deepening ties with the European Union (EU) which the N-VA regarded as an important means to give Flanders more international influence,[30] but has since shifted to a "Eurorealist" or "Eurocritical" stance by calling for democratic reform of the EU and opposing a Federal Superstate.[31][29] The party is known for its insistence on the exclusive use of Dutch, Flanders' sole official language, in dealings with government agencies.[21] The N-VA advocates economic liberalism and immediate tax reductions to stimulate the economy. It also supports stricter law and order and controlled immigration policies, with stronger measures to integrate immigrants in Flanders.[32][33]
A leading member of the European Free Alliance (EFA), since the 2014 European Parliament election, the N-VA has sat with the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) parliamentary group in the European Parliament.
History
Fall of the People's Union
The N-VA stems from the right-leaning faction of the
Tension rose towards the end of the decade, as
Foundation and the election threshold
In the autumn of 2001, the New Flemish Alliance (Dutch: Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie, N-VA) was officially registered. Seven members of parliament from the People's Union joined the new party. The new party council created a party manifesto and a statement of principles. The first party congress was held in May 2002, voting on a party program and permanent party structures. Geert Bourgeois was elected chairman. The N-VA initially continued some of the VU's former policies.
The party participated in elections for the first time in the
Cartel with CD&V
In February 2004, the N-VA entered into an
The cartel was briefly broken when the former right-wing liberal
In the Belgian federal election of 2007 the CD&V/N-VA cartel won a major victory again, with a campaign focusing on good governance, state reform and the division of the electoral district Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde. The N-VA won five seats in the Chamber of Representatives and two seats in the Senate. Yves Leterme initiated coalition talks, which repeatedly stalled (see 2007–2008 Belgian government formation). On 20 March 2008, a new federal government was finally assembled. N-VA did not join this government, but gave its support pending state reform.
The cartel ended definitively on 24 September 2008, due to lack of progression in state reform matters and a different strategy on future negotiations. N-VA left the Flemish Government and gave up its support of Leterme at the federal level.
Mainstream party
In the regional elections of June 2009, N-VA won an unexpected 13% of the votes, making them the winner of the elections, along with their old cartel partner CD&V. N-VA subsequently joined the government, led by Kris Peeters (CD&V). Bart De Wever chose to remain party leader and appointed Geert Bourgeois and Philippe Muyters as ministers in the Flemish Government and Jan Peumans as speaker of the Flemish Parliament.
In December 2018, a political crisis emerged over whether to sign the Global Compact for Migration; N-VA was against this, whereas the other three parties in the federal government supported it. On 4 December 2018, the Prime Minister of Belgium, Charles Michel, announced that the issue would be taken to parliament for a vote.[36] On 5 December, parliament voted 106 to 36 in favor of backing the agreement.[37] Michel stated that he would endorse the pact on behalf of parliament, not on behalf of the divided government.[38] Consequently, N-VA quit the federal government; the other three parties continue as a minority government (Michel II).
During the 2019 federal elections, the party again polled in first place in the Flemish region. However, it also saw a decline in vote share for the first time, falling to 25.6% of the Flemish vote.
Ahead of the 2024 federal elections, the N-VA announced it would run candidates in Wallonia for the first time.[39]
Foundation and ideology
The New Flemish Alliance is a relatively young political party, founded in the autumn of 2001. Being one of the successors of the
Presently, the N-VA is generally characterised by political scientists and journalists as
During the N-VA's early years, a label for the political orientation for the party was difficult to find. Borrowing from its Volksunie predecessor, the N-VA was initially considered a
In its 2009 election programme, the N-VA described itself as
Within the decade of its founding, the N-VA has shifted from a big tent to a conservative party by basing some of its socio-economic policies on that of the British
Since 2014, the N-VA has been described as continuing to move ideologically further to the right under the influence of Bart De Wever and Theo Francken by adopting tougher stances on immigration, integration of minorities, requirements to obtain Belgian citizenship, law and order, national security and repatriation of foreign born criminals and illegal immigrants.[52][28] In 2015, German weekly Die Zeit published a list of 39 successful radical political parties in Europe. The paper described N-VA as right-wing populist and separatist because it reduces complex political problems to territorial issues.[53][49] N-VA responded that "foreign media find the party difficult to place, so they just label us as extremists." Some commentators have attributed these shifts as a response to a revival in support for the Flemish nationalist Vlaams Belang.[54] In contrast to other Belgian parties, the N-VA is more critical of the cordon sanitaire placed on the Vlaams Belang party and recently has been more open to negotiating with the party (although accepting former Vlaams Blok/Vlaams Belang members as defectors into the N-VA still remains controversial within some ranks of the party).[55][56]
Flemish nationalism
The N-VA is part of the broader
Migration
The party calls for more strict immigration policies and reforms to asylum laws on its platform, proritizing knowledge-based immigration on a points system similar to the Canadian model and including a compulsory "integration contract" for immigrants to learn Dutch and undergo a values and social skills test before receiving Belgian citizenship. It also argues that dual nationals should be stripped of their citizenship if they are convicted of terrorism and other serious crimes and for the removal of illegal immigrants. The party also established a new government position of Minister for Integration in the Flemish Government after becoming the largest party in the Flemish Parliament.[62][63] In Federal politics, N-VA MP Theo Francken who served as Belgium's Secretary of State for Asylum and Migration sought to tighten laws on family migration and was noted for overseeing a record deportation of illegal immigrants and foreigners with criminal backgrounds.[64] This policy made him the most popular politician[65] The party has also recently become critical of multiculturalism, arguing that it prevents inclusiveness and social cohesion among the population, and has accused French-speaking parties of pushing mass immigration and multicultural policies onto Flanders through Belgian state politics.[66] In 2018, the party opposed the UN Global Compact for Migration and subsequently withdrew its participation in the Belgian government in protest of its passing.[36] Some commentators have attributed these shifts as a response to a revival in support for the Flemish nationalist Vlaams Belang, which also campaigned against the Migration Compact.[67] The N-VA also supports increased spending and resources for the police and border forces, as well as more resources for counter-terrorism and national security efforts.[68]
Climate change
In 2019, the party adopted what it calls a ecorealism stance, arguing for constructive methods and the use of
However, the N-VA voted at European level against the foundations of the European Green Deal, namely against an extension of the European Union Emissions Trading System to more sectors and against a European carbon border tax.[69] At the Flemish level, the N-VA and the Flemish government are in favor of a 40% reduction in emissions by 2030, while the EU is calling for a 47% reduction, an objective for which Brussels and Wallonia do commit.[70]
Foreign policy
In terms of foreign policy, the N-VA's stance on the
The N-VA supports continued Belgian participation in NATO and for military cooperation between European states.[72]
Other policies
On economic policy, the N-VA calls for reduced national debts and balanced budget in the Flemish and Federal Parliaments. It has generally advocated for free-market policies and limits on certain government spending. It also supports increased trade and business investment for Flanders.[73]
The N-VA also supports abolishing the
International affiliations
At European level, the N-VA is part of the
Party chairmen
Name | Portrait | From | To | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Geert Bourgeois | 2001 | 2004 | |
2 | Bart De Wever | 2004 | present |
Faction leaders
- Party chairman: Bart De Wever
- Chamber of Representatives: Peter De Roover
- Senate: Karl Vanlouwe
- Flemish Parliament: Wilfried Vandaele
- European Parliament: Geert Bourgeois
- Brussels Parliament: Cieltje Van Achter
Electorate
In the federal elections in 2003, N-VA received 3.1% of the votes, but won only one seat in the federal parliament. In February 2004, they formed an electoral alliance (cartel) with the Christian Democratic and Flemish party (CD&V). The cartel won the elections for the Flemish Parliament. The N-VA received a total of 6 seats. However, on 21 September 2008 the N-VA lost its faith in the federal government and the following day minister Geert Bourgeois resigned. In a press conference he confirmed the end of the CD&V/N-VA cartel.
In the 2004 European elections, N-VA had one MEP elected as part of the cartel with CD&V.
In the 10 June 2007 federal elections, the cartel won 30 out of 150 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and 9 out of 40 seats in the Senate.
In the regional elections of 11 June 2009, N-VA (now on its own after the split of the cartel with CD&V) won an unexpected 13% of the votes, making them the winner of the elections along with their former cartel partner. In the 2009 European elections held on the same day, the N-VA had one MEP elected.
In the 2010 federal elections, N-VA became the largest party of Flanders and of Belgium altogether.
In the
In the
Electoral results
Chamber of Representatives
Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | Government |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2003 | 201,399 | 3.1 | 1 / 150
|
Opposition | |
2007[a] | 1,234,950 | 18.5 | 5 / 150
|
4 | Opposition |
2010 | 1,135,617 | 17.4 | 27 / 150
|
22 | Opposition |
2014 | 1,366,073 | 20.3 | 33 / 150
|
6 | Coalition (2014–2018) |
Opposition (2018–2019) | |||||
2019 | 1,086,787 | 16.0 | 25 / 150
|
8 | Opposition |
Senate
Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/- |
---|---|---|---|---|
2003 | 200,273 | 3.1 | 0 / 71
|
|
2007[a] | 1,287,389 | 19.4 | 2 / 71
|
2 |
2010 | 1,268,780 | 19.6 | 14 / 71
|
12 |
2014 | 12 / 60
|
2 | ||
2019 | 9 / 60
|
3 |
Regional
Brussels Parliament
Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | Government | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D.E.C. | Overall | |||||
2004[a] | 10,482 | 16.8 (#4) | 0 / 89
|
Opposition | ||
2009 | 2,586 | 5.0 (#6) | 1 / 89
|
1 | Opposition | |
2014 | 9,085 | 17.0 (#4) | 3 / 89
|
2 | Opposition | |
2019 | 9.177 | 18.0 (#4) | 3 / 89
|
0 | Opposition |
Flemish Parliament
Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | Government |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2004[a] | 1,060,580 | 26.1 (#1) | 6 / 124
|
Coalition | |
2009 | 537,040 | 13.1 (#5) | 16 / 124
|
10 | Coalition |
2014 | 1,339,946 | 31.9 (#1) | 43 / 124
|
27 | Coalition |
2019 | 1,052,252 | 24.8 (#1) | 35 / 124
|
8 | Coalition |
European Parliament
Election | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
D.E.C. | Overall | ||||
2004[a] | 1,131,119 | 28.2 (#1) | 17.4 | 1 / 24
|
|
2009 | 402,545 | 9.9 (#5) | 6.1 | 1 / 22
|
0 |
2014 | 1,123,363 | 26.7 (#1) | 16.8 | 4 / 21
|
3 |
2019 | 1,123,355 | 22.4 (#1) | 14.2 | 3 / 21
|
1 |
Representation
This article needs to be updated.(August 2020) |
European politics
N-VA holds three seats in the
European Parliament | ||
---|---|---|
Name | In office | Parliamentary group |
Geert Bourgeois | 2019–present | European Conservatives and Reformists |
Assita Kanko | 2019–present | |
Johan Van Overtveldt | 2019–present |
Federal politics
Chamber of Representatives (2019–2024) | ||
---|---|---|
Constituency | Name | Notes |
Antwerp | Wim Van der Donckt | Replaces Jan Jambon, who became Flemish Minister-President |
Valerie Van Peel | ||
Peter De Roover | floor leader | |
Michael Freilich | ||
Sophie De Wit | ||
Koen Metsu | ||
Yoleen Van Camp | ||
Bert Wollants | ||
East Flanders | Anneleen Van Bossuyt | |
Peter Buysrogge | ||
Tomas Roggeman | ||
Christoph D'Haese | ||
Kathleen Depoorter | ||
West Flanders | Sander Loones | |
Yngvild Ingels | ||
Björn Anseeuw | ||
Flemish Brabant | Theo Francken | |
Darya Safai | ||
Sigrid Goethals | Replaces Jan Spooren, who became Governor of Flemish Brabant | |
Kristien Van Vaerenbergh | ||
Katrien Houtmeyers | ||
Limburg (Belgium) | Joy Donné | replaces Zuhal Demir, who became Minister in the Flemish government) |
Frieda Gijbels | ||
Wouter Raskin |
Senate (2019–2024) | |
---|---|
Type | Name |
Community senator | Andries Gryffroy |
Community senator | Freya Perdaens |
Community senator | Maaike De Vreese |
Community senator | Karolien Grosemans |
Community senator | Nadia Sminate |
Community senator | Karl Vanlouwe |
Community senator | Allessia Claes |
Community senator | Philippe Muyters |
Co-opted senator | Mark Demesmaeker |
Regional politics
Flemish Government
Flemish Government Jambon (incumbent) | |
---|---|
Name | Function |
Jan Jambon | Minister-President of the Flemish Government and Flemish Minister for Culture, Foreign Policy and Development Cooperation |
Ben Weyts | Vice minister-president of the Flemish Government and Flemish Minister for Education, Animal Welfare, Brussels Periphery and Sport |
Zuhal Demir | Flemish Minister for Justice, Planning, Environment, Energy, and Tourism |
Matthias Diependaele | Flemish Minister for Finance, Budget, Housing and Immovable Heritage |
Former Flemish Ministers
- Geert Bourgeois, former Minister-President (2014–2019) and Minister (2004–2014)
- Liesbeth Homans, former Minister-President (2019) and Minister (2014–2019)
- Philippe Muyters, former Minister (2009–2019)
Flemish Parliament
Flemish Parliament (2019–2024) | ||
---|---|---|
Constituency | Name | Notes |
Antwerp | Bart De Wever | |
Liesbeth Homans | Speaker of Parliament | |
Annick De Ridder | ||
Kris Van Dijck | ||
Philippe Muyters | ||
Sofie Joosen | ||
Kathleen Krekels | ||
Paul Van Miert | ||
Freya Perdaens | ||
Manuela Van Werde | ||
Maarten De Veuster | ||
Tine van der Vloet | ||
East Flanders | Joris Nachtergaele | Replaces Matthias Diependaele, who became Minister |
Sarah Smeyers | ||
Koen Daniëls | ||
Elke Sleurs | ||
Marius Meremans | ||
Andries Gryffroy | ||
Flemish Brabant | Arnout Coel | Replaces Ben Weyts, who became Minister |
Nadia Sminate | ||
Lorin Parys | ||
Piet De Bruyn | ||
Inez De Coninck | ||
Allessia Claes | ||
West Flanders | Bert Maertens | |
Maaike De Vreese | ||
Axel Ronse | ||
Cathy Coudyser | ||
Wilfried Vandaele | Floor Leader | |
Limburg (Belgium) | Steven Vandeput | |
Katja Verheyen | Replaces Jan Peumans | |
Karolien Grosemans | ||
Rita Moors | Replaces Jos Lantmeeters who resigned to become Governor of Limburg | |
Brussels-Capital Region |
Karl Vanlouwe | |
Annabel Tavernier |
Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region
Brussels Regional Parliament (2019–2024) | |
---|---|
Name | Notes |
Cieltje Van Achter | |
Matthias Vanden Borre | |
Gilles Verstraeten |
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External links
Media related to Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie at Wikimedia Commons