Panus conchatus

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Panus conchatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Polyporales
Family:
Polyporaceae
Genus:
Panus
Species:
P. conchatus
Binomial name
Panus conchatus
(Bull.) Fr. (1838)
Synonyms[1]
  • Agaricus conchatus Bull. (1787)
  • Agaricus inconstans var. conchatus (Bull.)
    Pers.
    (1801)
  • Lentinus conchatus (Bull.)
    J.Schröt.
    (1889)
  • Pocillaria conchata (Bull.) Kuntze (1891)
  • Lentinopanus conchatus (Bull.) Pilát (1941)
  • Panus torulosus var. conchatus (Bull.) Kauffman (1918)
Panus conchatus
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
Gills on hymenium
Cap is convex or flat
saprotrophic
Edibility is not recommended

Panus conchatus, commonly known as the lilac oysterling, smooth panus, or conch panus,

phylogenetic analysis has shown it is closely related to the pored species found in the family Polyporaceae
.

Taxonomy

The species was originally described under the name Agaricus conchatus by French mycologist Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard in volume 7 of his 1787 Herbier de la France.[3] Elias Magnus Fries transferred it to the genus Panus in 1838.[4]

The

Latin word meaning "shell-like".[5] It is commonly known as the lilac oysterling.[6]

Panus conchatus mushrooms have an extremely variable

synonyms of Panus conchatus (based on a different type):[1]

Description

The

glabrous); in age the surface may crack into small flattened scales.[17] The cap margin is inrolled and often has a wavy or lobed outline. The flesh is tough and whitish. The gills are attached in a decurrently (running down the length of the stem), and are narrow and often forked. The gills initially have a violet tinge, but later become an or reddish-violet. The stem is 2 to 3 centimetres (0.8 to 1.2 in) long and 1 to 3 centimetres (0.4 to 1.2 in) thick, roughly the same color as the cap, but covered with violet hairs; it is attached to the cap laterally, or off-center.[18] The spore print
is white.

Viewed microscopically,

pleurocystidia are either enlarged in the middle (ventricose) or enlarged and spherical at the tip (capitate); these cells have dimensions of 35–45 by 8–11 µm.[19]

Habitat and distribution

Panus conchatus is a

saprobic species – deriving nutrition from rotting or decaying organic matter – and fruit bodies can be found on hardwood stumps, logs and sticks, usually crowded together in clusters.[18] Typical hosts include wood of deciduous trees—especially beech, poplar, birch, and oak, and less frequently on ash and elm. Coniferous hosts include fir, spruce, pine, and yew.[7]

Found throughout the Northern Hemisphere,[20] this species has been collected in North America,[18] and Europe.[21]

Edibility

Although believed to be non-toxic[17] and sometimes eaten when young, P. conchatus is not recommended for consumption due to its tough and leathery texture.[19][22]

Phylogenetics

The general growth form, or

phylogenetic analysis determined that despite the presence of gills, P. conchatus is closely related to mushrooms with pores, hence their placement in the Polyporaceae family.[23]

Research

Panus conchatus contains a laccase, a polyphenol oxidase enzyme. These enzymes have potential in industrial applications for pulp bleaching, wastewater treatment in mills, and removal of phenolic compounds in the food industry. Most laccases have an active site containing four copper molecules, and are known as blue copper phenol oxidases. P. conchatus, however, contains a white laccase that lacks the typical blue copper color.[24] The crudely purified enzyme has been used for pulp bleaching[25] and wastewater decoloration in experimental studies.[26]

References

  1. ^ a b "Panus conchatus (Bull.) Fr. 1838". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2015-01-11.
  2. ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5
    .
  3. ^ Bulliard JBF. (1787). Herbier de la France (PDF) (in French). Vol. 7. p. plate 298.
  4. ^ Fries EM. (1838). Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici, seu Synopsis Hymenomycetum (in Latin). Uppsala, Sweden: Typographia Academica. p. 398.
  5. ^ Brown DE (2003). "PLEUROTOID species in the Pacific Northwest". Pacific Northwest Key Council. Retrieved 2009-04-05.
  6. ^ Holden L. "English Names for fungi 2014". British Mycological Society. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2016-01-11.
  7. ^
    ISBN 978-0-11-242627-1
    .
  8. ^ Schaeffer JC. (1774). Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinatu circa Ratisbonam nascuntur Icones (in Latin). Vol. 4. Regensburg. p. 20.
  9. ^ Batsch AJGK. (1783). Elenchus fungorum (in Latin and German). p. 89.
  10. ^ Berkeley MJ. (1851). "Decades of fungi. Decades XXXII, XXXIII. Sikkim Himalaya fungi, collected by Dr. J.D. Hooker". Hooker's Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany. 3: 39–49.
  11. ^ Baglietto F. (1865). "Materiali per la Micologia italiana". Commentario della Società Crittogamologica Italiana (in Italian). 2 (2): 261–265.
  12. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1873.tb00301.x
    .
  13. ^ Schulzer S. (1878). "Mycologische Beiträge. III" (in German). 28: 423–436. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  14. ^ Schulzer S. (1885). "Einige neue Pilz-Species und Varietäten aus Slavonien". Hedwigia (in German and Latin). 24 (4): 129–151.
  15. ^ Schröter J. (1885). Kryptogamen-Flora von Schlesien (in German). Vol. 3–1(1). Lehre, Germany: Cramer. p. 554.
  16. JSTOR 2478763
    .
  17. ^ a b Wood M, Stevens F. "California Fungi: Panus conchatus". Retrieved 2009-04-05.
  18. ^
    ISBN 0-520-03656-5
    .
  19. ^ a b Kuo M. "Panus conchatus". MushroomExpert.com. Retrieved 2009-04-05.
  20. JSTOR 3760731
    .
  21. ^ "Rogers Mushrooms | Mushroom Pictures & Mushroom Reference". Rogers Mushrooms. Archived from the original on 2008-05-16. Retrieved 2009-04-05.
  22. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1
    .
  23. JSTOR 3761557
    .
  24. doi:10.15376/biores.9.2.1964-1976
    .
  25. ^ Mo JL, Fu SY, Zhan HY (2006). "Improving laccase activity of Panus conchatus by mutagenesis and used for biobleaching". Transactions of China Pulp and Paper. 21: 29–33.
  26. ISBN 978-0-7695-4704-6
    .
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