Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu
United Bumiputera Heritage Party | ||
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Premier of Sarawak: 1 / 10 | ||
Website | ||
pbb | ||
1 Parti Negara Sarawak and Barisan Rakyat Jati Sarawak merged to form Parti Bumiputera Sarawak. 2 Parti Bumiputera Sarawak consisted of local Sarawak Malay, Melanau, Kedayan, Brunei Malay and Orang Ulu members. 2 Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak consisted of Iban and Bidayuh members. |
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Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (PBB; English: United Bumiputera Heritage Party) is a
The meaning of "Bumiputera"
Predecessors
This section needs additional citations for verification. (March 2024) |
Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS)
PANAS which was formed on 9 April 1960 by Datu Patinggi Abang Haji Mustapha, was the second political party to be formed after
Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (BARJASA)
BARJASA was formed on 4 December 1961 by
Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak (PESAKA)
Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak was formed in
Formation of Parti Bumiputera
To ensure the domination of Muslim Bumiputra in Sarawak politics, PANAS and BARJASA initiated a plan of merger a few months after the local council elections of Sarawak in 1963. Initially, both parties were willing to dissolve themselves in order to allow
The formation of Parti Bumiputera was gratefully accepted by the Muslim-Malays of Sarawak. Except for a few prominent dissenters, especially some of the former members of PANAS, the new party was supported by both the aristocrats and the young intelligentsia, the latter holding the more important posts in it. It may be justifiably said that at last the young intelligentsia had triumphed. But basically the formation of Parti Bumiputera was a final reconciliation between the two groups and it opened the way for a new era of Malay politics in Sarawak.[3]
Parti Bumiputera exercised a significant role in the Sarawak cabinet under the leadership of Sarawak chief minister
Formation of PBB
Parti Bumiputera had already initiated negotiations with PESAKA about the merger of both parties in 1968. However, PESAKA refused to enter into a merger in fear that Muslim bumiputera members from Parti Bumiputera would dominate the new party, leaving its Iban and Bidayuh members sidelined. PESAKA decided to join Sarawak Alliance without a merger to preserve their interests in Sarawak politics. However, in the 1970 state election, PESAKA won only 8 seats, whereas 12 seats were won by Parti Bumiputera and another 12 seats by SNAP. PESAKA was not able to nominate a new chief minister from their own party unlike in 1966. Ultimately another negotiation was held between PESAKA and Parti Bumiputera in September 1972 and both sides eventually agreed to a merger on 5 January 1973. The new Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu party was then officially registered on 30 April 1973.[3]
The party was divided into two wings namely:[3]
- BUMIPUTERA wing which consisted of Muslim-Malay, Melanau, Kedayan, Brunei-Malay, Jatti Mereik, and Orang Ulu members
- PESAKA wing which consisted of Iban, Bidayuh, Kenyah, and Kelabit members
Objectives of PBB
- To protect and defend Malaysia's independence, sovereignty, and character.[3]
- To uphold both the federal and state constitution.
- To combating against corruption, racism, illegal money laundering, and political power abuse among all party's members.
- To protect and defend the principles enshrined in the federal and state constitution, especially on position, fundamental rights, and special privileges of Bumiputera.
- To protect and guarantee the future rights of bumiputera.[3]
- To develop all Sarawakian, specifically, and also all Malaysian, generally, in all various fields, mostly in education, politics, financial, economic & trades, social, public safety, youth & women communities, cultures & arts, and sports.
- To promote and protect the feeling of harmony and unity spirits of all Sarawakians towards creating a strong united region in Sarawak.
- To promoting the harmonious, peaceful, safe and prosperous Malaysia to all around the world.
- To protect the rule of parliamentary democracy.
- To protect, strengthen, and giving justice for the region of Sarawak, as based on Malaysia Agreement 1963 (MA63).
- To support and defend the United Nation's charter.
- To take effective steps in eradicating subversive movements which could compromise Malaysia's security.[3]
Party structure
The party structure of PBB is in many ways resembles to that of the national party United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) due to the influence exerted by Abdul Rahman Ya'kub. PBB has four levels of bureaucracy namely:[3]
- General Assembly (similar to UMNO General Assembly)
- Supreme Council (similar to UMNO Supreme Council)
- Branches (set up in each state constituencies in Sarawak, similar to UMNO divisions which is set up in each parliamentary constituency in Malaysia except for the state of Sarawak.)
- Sub-branches (similar to UMNO branches)
- Each level will have its own youth and women wings
The party's general assembly is held every 3 years to assemble all party leaders and grassroot members to discuss party policies, responsibility of Supreme Council, and to elect party leaders into Supreme Council but does not influence party directions and policies. The party constitution was amended so that "the party's system of representation of at general assemblies in line with the system used by UMNO". Therefore, a chairman will be in-charge of the general assembly, allowing the party president take an active role during the assembly. The party's first ever general assembly was held from 13 to 14 July 1974, less than a month before the
The Supreme Council consisted of:[3]
- Yang di-Pertua (also known as president)
- Deputy Yang di-Pertua (also known as Deputy president)
- Vice-Yang di-Pertuas (also known as vice-presidents, consisted of 9 people)
- Secretary-general
- Deputy secretary-general
- Assistant secretary-general (5 people)
- Treasurer
- Assistant treasurer
- Publicity chief
- Assistant publicity chief
- Appointed executive committee members (11 people)
- Elected executive committee members (20 people)
During the formation of PBB, both Parti Bumiputera and PESAKA agreed to elect a PESAKA leader to become the president of the party. The party had 7 vice-presidents instead of the current 9 members. 4 vice-president posts will be given to Bumiputera wing while 3 will be given to PESAKA wing. The secretary-general post will be given to Bumiputera wing while assistant secretary-general posts will be divided among Bumiputera wing (1 person) and PESAKA wing (3 people). The rest of the party posts were given to Bumiputera wing while youth chief post will be given to PESAKA wing.[3]
Leadership structure
|
|
List of party leaders
Yang di-Pertua of Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu
Order | Portrait | Name | Term of office | Elected | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Jugah Anak Barieng
|
30 April 1973 | September 1975 | ||
2 | Abdul Taib Mahmud | October 1975 | 1978 | ||
3 | Abdul Rahman Ya'kub | 1978 | 26 March 1981 | ||
4 | Abdul Taib Mahmud | 26 March 1981 | 28 February 2014 | ||
5 | Adenan Satem | 1 March 2014 | 11 January 2017 | ||
6 | Abang Abdul Rahman Johari Abang Openg
|
14 January 2017 | Incumbent |
After the formation of PBB, Temenggong
Two months later, Abdul Rahman changed his mind while he announced that he would not retire in the next five years. Abdul Rahman decided to take over the PBB presidency from Taib. For Taib, this was a dilemma but all the other party posts have been occupied. Taib demanded his uncle Abdul Rahman to create another deputy president post for him by changing the party constitution. Finally during the 1977 PBB general assembly meeting, another deputy president post was created and given to Taib while Abdul Rahman became the president of the party.[3]
Rahman retired from politics on 26 March 1981 and his nephew Taib Mahmud succeeded him as the PBB president for the second time. After holding the post for 33 years, Taib Mahmud retired from politics while allowing his former brother-in-law, Adenan Satem to take over the party on 1 March 2014 and he would hold the post until his death on 11 January 2017.
Following the death of Adenan Satem,
Elected representatives
Dewan Negara (Senate)
Senators
Dewan Negara (Senate)
- His Majesty's appointee:
- Mutang Tagal
- Susan Chemarai Anding
- elected by the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly:
- Michael Mujah Lihan
- Ahmad Ibrahim
Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)
Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament
PBB has 14 MPs in the House of Representatives.
State | No. | Parliament Constituency | Member | Party | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sarawak | P193 | Santubong | Nancy Shukri | PBB | ||
P194 | Petra Jaya | Fadillah Yusof | PBB | |||
P197 | Kota Samarahan | Rubiah Wang | PBB | |||
P198 | Puncak Borneo |
Willie Mongin | PBB | |||
P200 | Batang Sadong |
Rodiyah Sapiee | PBB | |||
P201 | Batang Lupar |
Mohamad Shafizan Kepli | PBB | |||
P204 | Betong | Richard Rapu | PBB | |||
P206 | Tanjong Manis |
Yusuf Abd. Wahab | PBB | |||
P207 | Igan | Ahmad Johnie Zawawi | PBB | |||
P213 | Mukah | Hanifah Hajar Taib | PBB | |||
P215 | Kapit | Alexander Nanta Linggi | PBB | |||
P218 | Sibuti |
Lukanisman Awang Sauni | PBB | |||
P221 | Limbang | Hasbi Habibollah | PBB | |||
P222 | Lawas | Henry Sum Agong | PBB | |||
Total | Sarawak (14) |
Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)
Malaysian State Assembly Representatives
Sarawak State Legislative Assembly
State | No. | Parliamentary Constituency | No. | State Constituency | Member | Party | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sarawak | P193 | Santubong | N03 | Tanjong Datu | Azizul Annuar Adenan | PBB | |
N04 | Pantai Damai | Abdul Rahman Junaidi | PBB | ||||
N05 | Demak Laut | Hazland Abang Hipni | PBB | ||||
P194 | Petra Jaya | N06 | Tupong | Fazzrudin Abdul Rahman | PBB | ||
N07 | Samariang | Sharifah Hasidah Sayeed Aman Ghazali | PBB | ||||
N08 | Satok | Ibrahim Baki | PBB | ||||
P197 | Kota Samarahan | N15 | Asajaya | Abdul Karim Rahman Hamzah | PBB | ||
N16 | Muara Tuang | Idris Buang | PBB | ||||
N17 | Stakan | Hamzah Brahim | PBB | ||||
P198 | Puncak Borneo
|
N18 | Serembu | Miro Simuh | PBB | ||
N19 | Mambong | Jerip Susil | PBB | ||||
N20 | Tarat | Roland Sagah Wee Inn | PBB | ||||
P199 | Serian | N21 | Tebedu | Simon Sinang Bada | PBB | ||
N22 | Kedup | Maclaine Ben @ Martin Ben | PBB | ||||
N23 | Bukit Semuja | John Ilus | PBB | ||||
P200 | Batang Sadong
|
N24 | Sadong Jaya
|
Aidel Lariwoo | PBB | ||
N25 | Simunjan | Awla Idris | PBB | ||||
N26 | Gedong
|
Abang Abdul Rahman Zohari Abang Openg | PBB | ||||
P201 | Batang Lupar
|
N27 | Sebuyau | Julaihi Narawi | PBB | ||
N28 | Lingga | Dayang Noorazah Awang Sohor | PBB | ||||
N29 | Beting Maro
|
Razaili Gapor | PBB | ||||
P204 | Betong | N35 | Saribas | Ricky @ Mohamad Razi bin Sitam | PBB | ||
N36 | Layar | Gerald Rentap Jabu | PBB | ||||
N37 | Bukit Saban | Douglas Uggah Embas | PBB | ||||
P205 | Saratok | N38 | Kalaka | Mohamad Duri | PBB | ||
N40 | Kabong | Mohd Chee Kadirh | PBB | ||||
P206 | Tanjong Manis
|
N41 | Kuala Rajang | Len Talif Salleh | PBB | ||
N42 | Semop | Abdullah Saidol | PBB | ||||
P207 | Igan | N43 | Daro | Safiee Ahmad | PBB | ||
N44 | Jemoreng | Juanda Jaya | PBB | ||||
P209 | Julau | N47 | Pakan | William Mawan Ikom | PBB | ||
P210 | Kanowit | N50 | Machan | Allan Siden Gramong | PBB | ||
P212 | Sibu | N55 | Nangka | Annuar Rapaee | PBB | ||
P213 | Mukah | N56 | Dalat | Fatimah Abdullah | PBB | ||
N57 | Tellian | Royston Valentine | PBB | ||||
N58 | Balingian | Abdul Yakub Arbi | PBB | ||||
P215 | Kapit | N62 | Katibas | Ambrose Blikau Enturan | PBB | ||
N63 | Bukit Goram | Jefferson Jamit Unyat | PBB | ||||
P217 | Bintulu | N67 | Jepak | Iskandar Turkee | PBB | ||
N69 | Kemena
|
Stephen Rundi Utom | PBB | ||||
P218 | Sibuti
|
N71 | Bekenu | Rosey Yunus | PBB | ||
N72 | Lambir | Ripin Lamat | PBB | ||||
P220 | Baram | N77 | Telang Usan
|
Dennis Ngau | PBB | ||
N78 | Mulu | Gerawat Gala | PBB | ||||
P221 | Limbang | N79 | Bukit Kota
|
Abdul Rahman Ismail | PBB | ||
N80 | Batu Danau
|
Paulus Gumbang | PBB | ||||
P222 | Lawas | N82 | Bukit Sari
|
Awang Tengah Ali Hasan | PBB | ||
Total | Sarawak (47) |
PBB state governments
State | Leader type | Member | Party | State Constituency | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sarawak | Premier | Abang Johari Openg |
PBB | Satok |
State | Leader type | Member | Party | State Constituency | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sarawak | Deputy Premier I | Douglas Uggah Embas | PBB | Bukit Saban | |
Sarawak | Deputy Premier II | Awang Tengah Ali Hasan | PBB | Bukit Sari
|
General election results
Election | Total seats won | Seats contested | Total votes | Share of votes | Outcome of election | Election leader |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1964 (BARJASA) |
5 / 159
|
12 | appointed by Council Negri | 5 seats; Governing coalition (Alliance Party) |
Abdul Rahman Ya'kub | |
1964 (PANAS) |
3 / 159
|
12 | 3 seats; Opposition | Abang Mustapha | ||
1964 (Pesaka) |
6 / 159
|
19 | 6 seats; Governing coalition (Alliance Party) |
Jugah Barieng | ||
1969 (Bumiputera) |
5 / 144
|
11 | 3 seats; Governing coalition (Alliance Party) |
Abdul Rahman Ya'kub | ||
1969 (Pesaka) |
2 / 144
|
8 | 30,765 | 1.28% | 4 seats; Governing coalition (allied with Alliance Party) |
Jugah Barieng |
1974 | 8 / 144
|
7 | 83,722 | 1 seat; Governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
Jugah Barieng | |
1978 | 8 / 154
|
7 | 52,222 | ; Governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
Abdul Rahman Ya'kub | |
1982 | 8 / 154
|
8 | 28,700 | ; Governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
Abdul Taib Mahmud | |
1986 | 8 / 177
|
5 | 48,367 | 1.02% | ; Governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
Abdul Taib Mahmud |
1990 | 10 / 180
|
5 | 101,243 | 2 seats; Governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
Abdul Taib Mahmud | |
1995 | 10 / 192
|
11 | 42,210 | ; Governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
Abdul Taib Mahmud | |
1999 | 11 / 193
|
11 | 100,062 | 1 seat; Governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
Abdul Taib Mahmud | |
2004 | 11 / 219
|
14 | 80,408 | 1.15% | ; Governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
Abdul Taib Mahmud |
2008 | 14 / 222
|
14 | 131,243 | 1.65% | 3 seats; Governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
Abdul Taib Mahmud |
2013 | 14 / 222
|
14 | 232,390 | 2.10% | ; Governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
Abdul Taib Mahmud |
2018 | 13 / 222
|
14 | 220,479 | 1.83% | 1 seat; Opposition coalition (Barisan Nasional), later Governing coalition (Gabungan Parti Sarawak) |
Abang Johari Openg
|
2022 | 14 / 222
|
14 | 343,954 | 2.22% | 1 seat; Governing coalition (Gabungan Parti Sarawak) |
Abang Johari Openg
|
State election results
State election | State Legislative Assembly | |
---|---|---|
Sarawak | Total won / Total contested | |
2/3 majority | 2 / 3 |
|
1969/1970
(Bumiputera) |
11 / 48 |
11 / 21
|
1969/1970
(Pesaka) |
8 / 48
|
8 / 35
|
1974 | 18 / 48 |
18 / 32
|
1979 | 17 / 48 |
18 / 18
|
1983 | 19 / 48 |
19 / 20
|
1987 | 14 / 48 |
14 / 23
|
1991 | 27 / 56 |
27 / 31
|
1996 | 30 / 62 |
29 / 30
|
2001 | 30 / 62 |
30 / 30
|
2006 | 35 / 71 |
35 / 35
|
2011 | 35 / 71 |
35 / 35
|
2016 | 39 / 82 |
39 / 39
|
2021 | 47 / 82 |
47 / 47
|
References
- ^ Sharon Ling; Geryl Ogilvy (12 June 2018). "Sarawak BN parties pull out of coalition to form independent state-based pact". The Star. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- JSTOR 3023452.
- ^ ISBN 978-981-4311-58-8. Google Book Search. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
Notes
- Chin, James. 2003: The Melanau-Malay Schism Erupts Again: Sarawak at the Polls. In: New Politics in Malaysia. Lok Kok Wah / Johan Saravanamuttu, Singapore: Institute of South East Asian Studies (ISBN 981-230-169-0), pp. 213–227
- James Chin. “The More Things Change, The More They Remain The Same”, in Chin Kin Wah & D. Singh (eds.) South East Asian Affairs 2004 (Singapore: Institute of South East Asian Studies, 2004)
- James Chin. “Autonomy: Politics in Sarawak” in Bridget Welsh (ed) Reflections: The Mahathir Years, (Washington DC: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004) pp. 240–251