Sarawak National Party
Sarawak National Party | |
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| Malay name | Parti Kebangsaan Sarawak ڤرتي كبڠسأن سراوق |
| Chinese name | 砂拉越國民黨 砂拉越国民党 Shālāyuè guómín dǎng |
| Abbreviation | SNAP |
| President | Edmund Stanley Jugol |
| Secretary-General | Frankie Jurem Nyombui |
| Women's Chief | Melissa Anne Inddu |
| Youth Chief | Malachi Dennis Ningkan |
| Founder | Stephen Kalong Ningkan |
| Founded | 10 April 1961 |
| Dissolved | 17 January 2013 |
| Succeeded by | Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party (Pro-BN/GPS faction) New Sarawak National Party |
| Headquarters | Kuching, Malaysia |
| National affiliation | Alliance (1963–66) Barisan Nasional (1976–2004) Pakatan Rakyat (2010–2011) |
| Colours | Blue, maroon, yellow, white, grey |
| This article is part of a series on the |
| Politics of Malaysia |
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The Sarawak National Party known by its acronym as "SNAP", is now a defunct
SNAP joined the federal opposition Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalition from April 2010 to April 2011.[2][3]
SNAP was initially deregistered on 5 November 2002 by the Registrar of Societies (RoS).[4] and was uphold by the Federal Court of Malaysia on 17 January 2013 because its failure to resolve the party leadership crisis.[5]
History
Early years
The SNAP was formed on 10 April 1961, the third party to be formed after the Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP) and Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS), open the way for Dayaks' active participation not only in the effort to prepare Sarawak's Independence, but also to be fully involved in political activities. Although there were Dayak in SUPP and PANAS, which were and are objectives respectively, the Dayaks' interest in the two parties were secondary and their roles minimal.
Thus the Dayaks, particularly the
The first general assembly of the party was held on 29 April 1961 at Munggu Bangkit, Betong, where the party was born. It became the party headquarters. About 300 people throughout Sarawak attend the assembly. Soon after the assembly, Ningkan and Tinker went to the First, Fourth and Fifth Divisions canvassing for membership and at the same time forming branches and sub-branches. It took them three months before returning to Betong. Edward Jeli who joined the party later canvassed for membership in
After serious thoughts, SNAP accepted non-Dayaks as party members in 1963 with
Wee Hood Teck and Wee Boon Ping became the main financers of the party. Their presence and that of other non-Dayaks made SNAP a multi-racial party, although the bulk of its members were Dayaks.
In August 1962, another party came into being in
However, the person who actually mooted the idea of forming PESAKA was Thomas Kana, a former dresser at Kuala Belait. He was made the first secretary-general of the party. Incidentally, Ningkan, a SNAP founding member, was also a dresser at Kuala Belait. During their days in Kuala Belait, Ningkan and Kana greatly disliked one another and often threw insults at one another. When they returned to Sarawak, Ningkan formed SNAP and Kana formed PESAKA and both started to sow the seeds of disunity among the Ibans of Sarawak principally between the Ibans of Batang Rajang and the Iban of Saribas. They refused to compromise as both wanted to become "big" in a party and in the government. As far-fetched as it may be, Dayak unity, as we know it today took roots in the major differences and personal animosity of these two men.
1983 leadership crisis
The crisis began in June 1980 when
Leo Moggie was appointed as the party acting president after that. In March 1981, Abdul Rahman stepped down from the chief minister post and succeeded by his nephew Abdul Taib Mahmud. During SNAP party election in December 1981, James Wong challenged Leo Moggie for the president post. Moggie faction felt that SNAP, being a Dayak-based party, should be led by a Dayak instead of a Chinese. However, Wong's faction felt that James Wong has contributed so much to the party so he should be given an opportunity to lead the party. James Wong successfully defeated Moggie in the party president's race by a narrow majority of 15 votes. A supporter of Leo Moggie, Daniel Tajem also lost the vice-president post to Wong's supporter, Edward Jeli. James Wong tried to calm down the party by offering vice-president posts to Leo Moggie and Daniel Tajem. However, such offering did not satisfy Moggie's faction.[6]
The
In 1983, Daniel Tajem, who was still the deputy chief minister of Sarawak, was expelled from the SNAP party because he was found guilty of helping the former SNAP candidates to contest against the official candidates listed by SNAP party in 1982 parliamentary election. However, Daniel Tajem refused to step down from the deputy chief minister post. Subsequently, in July 1983, Daniel Tajem and Leo Moggie formed a new party named Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (PBDS) in order to challenge James Wong's leadership in SNAP. Leo Moggie became the president of PBDS while Daniel Tajem became the deputy president of the party. PBDS immediately applied to join Taib's Barisan Nasional (BN) despite strong opposition by SNAP. PBDS was subsequently admitted into BN by Abdul Taib Mahmud despite strong opposition by Balang Seling, the secretary-general of SNAP. The decision to admit PBDS into BN was also welcomed by Mahathir Mohamad, the prime minister of Malaysia at that time.[6]
The admission of PBDS into the BN has weakened the position of SNAP in the coalition because some of the electoral seats by SNAP would have to be given to PBDS. The formation of PBDS party further fragmented the voice of Dayak community in the Sarawak state government. The Dayak community was already divided between Muslim-bumiputera based
Joining Pakatan Rakyat
On 18 April 2010, SNAP officially became a member of the
Dissolution
SNAP was declared a deregistered party first on 5 November 2002 by the RoS.[4] The Federal Court of Malaysia had on 17 January 2013 uphold RoS decission declaring SNAP is no longer a registered party because it has unable to furnish evidence that leadership tussle in the party has been resolved.[5]
SNAP Baru
On 2021, Edmund Stanley Jugol, the last president of SNAP, founded a new party called as SNAP Baru. The party claimed to be the successor of the original SNAP, and is yet to register to RoS. It has declared support to
General election results
| Election | Total seats won | Seats contested | Total votes | Share of votes | Outcome of election | Election leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | 4 / 159
|
11 | Appointed by Council Negri |  4 seats; Governing coalition (Alliance Party) |
Stephen Kalong Ningkan | |
| 1969 | 9 / 144
|
16 | 64,593 | 2.69% | 5 seats; Opposition
|
Stephen Kalong Ningkan |
| 1974 | 9 / 144
|
11 | 117,566 | 5.55% |  ; Opposition,later Governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
Dunstan Endawie Enchana |
| 1978 | 9 / 154
|
9 | 45,218 | ; Governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
Dunstan Endawie Enchana | |
| 1982 | 6 / 154
|
9 | 41,295 |  3 seats; Governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
James Wong Kim Min | |
| 1986 | 4 / 177
|
9 | 34,221 | 0.72% | 2 seats; Governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
James Wong Kim Min |
| 1990 | 3 / 180
|
9 | 35,754 | 1 seat; Governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
James Wong Kim Min | |
| 1995 | 3 / 192
|
9 | 44,185 | ; Governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
James Wong Kim Min | |
| 1999 | 4 / 193
|
9 | 45,519 | 1 seat; Governing coalition (Barisan Nasional) |
James Wong Kim Min | |
| 2004 | 0 / 219
|
19 | 28,579 | 0.41% | 4 seat; No representation in Parliament
|
Edwin Dundang Bugak |
| 2008 | 0 / 222
|
19 | 12,567 | 0.16% | ; No representation in Parliament
|
Edwin Dundang Bugak |
State election results
| State election | State Legislative Assembly | |
|---|---|---|
| Sarawak | Total won / Total contested | |
| 2/3 majority | 2 / 3
|
2 / 3
|
| 1969 | 12 / 48
|
12 / 46
|
| 1974 | 18 / 48
|
18 / 47
|
| 1979 | 16 / 48
|
16 / 18
|
| 1983 | 8 / 48
|
8 / 18
|
| 1987 | 3 / 48
|
3 / 11
|
| 1991 | 6 / 56
|
6 / 8
|
| 1996 | 7 / 62
|
7 / 7
|
| 2001 | 6 / 62
|
6 / 7
|
| 2006 | 1 / 71
|
1 / 28
|
| 2011 | 0 / 71
|
0 / 26
|
See also
References
- ^ a b "SNAP Finally Snaps Off From Pakatan". Bernama. 7 May 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
- ^ a b Andy Chua (24 April 2010). "DAP: Sarawak Pakatan formed to promote two-party system". The Star. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
- ^ a b Wong, Jack (6 May 2011). "SNAP quits Pakatan". The Star (Malaysia). Archived from the original on 9 May 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
- ^ a b "Sarawaks Snap deregistered by ROS". Malaysiakini. 5 November 2002. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
- ^ a b "Federal Court upholds ROS' decision to de-register Sarawak National Party". The Star. 17 January 2013. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
- ^ ISBN 978-981-4311-58-8. Google Book Search. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
- ^ "SNAP Baru pledges support to PSB – protem president". Borneo Post Online. 24 October 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
External links
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