Personal life

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Personal Life (album).

Humans have traditionally lived within family-based social structures and in artificial shelters.[citation needed]

Personal life is the course or state of an individual's life, especially when viewed as the sum of personal choices contributing to one's personal identity.[1]

Apart from

leisure time was scarce.[2]
People identified with their
social role in their community and engaged in activities based on necessity rather than on personal choice.[citation needed] Privacy in such communities was rare.[citation needed
]

The modern conception of "personal life" is an offshoot of modern

Western society. Modern people tend to distinguish their work activities from their personal life and may seek work–life balance.[3]
It is a person's choices and preferences outside of work that define personal life, including one's choice of hobbies, cultural interests, manner of dress, mate, friends, and so on. In particular, what activities one engages in during leisure-time defines a person's personal life.[
moralists, managers and personal-development gurus have seized on the concept of an individual life as a fulcrum for potential control and manipulation.[4][5][6]

People in Western countries, such as the United States and Canada, tend to value privacy. Privacy includes both information privacy and decisional privacy; people expect to be left alone with respect to intimate details of their life and they expect to be free from undue control by others.[7]

History

"The Life & Age of Woman – Stages of Woman's Life from the Cradle to the Grave", 1849

In the past, before modern

Jobs were assigned out of necessity rather than personal choice.[11]

Furthermore, individuals in many

third-world conditions, without technology, secure shelter, or reliable food sources. In such places, the concepts of a "personal life", "self-actualization", "personal fulfillment", or "privacy" are often unaffordable luxuries.[14]

The English philosopher

individual rights. In the 17th century he promoted the natural rights of the individual to life, liberty, and property, and included the pursuit of happiness as one of the individual's goals.[citation needed
]

Sociology

computer games

The notion of a personal life, as currently understood in the west is in part an artefact of modern Western society. People in the United States of America, especially, place a high value on privacy. Since the colonial period, commentators have noted Americans' individualism and their pursuit of self-definition.[15][need quotation to verify][16] Indeed, the

expectation of privacy to the level of rights.[citation needed
]

George Lakoff sees the metaphor of life as "a journey" as a noteworthy structuring idea in "our culture".[17] Compare the traditional Chinese concept of tao.

In modern times, many people have come to think of their personal lives as separate from their work.[18][need quotation to verify] This

9 to 5 paradigm regards work and recreation as distinct; one is either on the job or not, and the transition is abrupt. Employees have certain hours they are bound to work, and work during recreational time is rare. This may[original research?] reflect the continuing specialisation of jobs and the demand for increased efficiency, both at work and at home. The common phrase "Work hard, play hard" illustrates this mindset. There is a growing[quantify] trend, however, towards living more holistically and minimising such rigid distinctions between work and play, in order to achieve an "appropriate" work–life balance.[citation needed
]

The concept of personal life also tends to be associated[

daily life is also influenced by leisure-time use of consumer electronics such as televisions, computers and the Internet, mobile phones and digital cameras.[19][need quotation to verify
]

Other factors affecting personal life include individuals'

personal possessions.[citation needed
]

Leisure activities

Kabukicho is Tokyo
's entertainment district.

The way in which individuals make use of their spare time also plays an important role in defining their personal lives. In general, leisure activities can be categorised as either passive, in cases when no real effort is required, or active, when substantial physical or mental energy is needed.[20]

Passive activities include watching

cinema. The individual simply relaxes without any special effort.[citation needed
]

Active activities may be more or less intensive ranging from walking, through jogging and cycling to sports such as tennis or football. Playing chess or undertaking creative writing might also be considered as demanding as these require a fair amount of mental effort.[citation needed]

Based on 2007 data, a US survey on use of leisure time found that the daily use of leisure time by individuals over 15 averaged 4.9 hours. Of this, more than half (2.6 hours) went on watching TV while only 19 minutes involved active participation in sports and exercise.[21]

Privacy

The room often reflects many aspects of one's personal life.

informational privacy and decisional privacy. The former concerns the right to be left alone in respect of the most intimate details of one's personal life and is a more accepted doctrine than the latter which concerns freedom from undue regulation and control.[7]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-19-543159-9
    . In this book, I argue that intimate relationships are certainly influenced by our personal preferences but to a large extent our 'choices' are shaped by family circumstances and events in the wider society ...
  2. ^ Scott, Simeon (2011). "Contradictions of capitalism in health and fitness leisure". In Cameron, Samuel (ed.). Handbook on the Economics of Leisure. Elgar Original Reference Series. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 155.
    ISBN 978-0857930569
    . ... we turn to the writings of anthropologists and archaeologists, the majority of whom believe that our earliest ancestors were well fed and healthy. They obtained their subsistence by hunting and gathering, they had a relatively egalitarian ethic and more leisure time available to them than people in any subsequent mode of production.
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-1101544280
    . For hundreds of years, almost from the beginning of corporate history, a divide between the personal life and professional life has been asserted. This is a false divide. ... It is impossible to separate the personal from the professional: the two are intricately linked.
  4. ^ Clarke, Charles (2013).
    ISBN 978-0232530186
    .
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-1107605879
    . The virtues of personal life are to be regarded both from the side of control and from the side of culture. On the one hand the varied impulses and desires have to be regulated so as not to interfere with the realisation of the moral ideal.
  6. ^
    ISBN 978-8120814967
    . ... the guru may say, 'Go home and get your personal life straightened out. ...'
  7. ^
    ISBN 978-0-226-88624-4
    .
  8. ^ Van Loon, Hendrik (1921). The Story of Mankind. New York: Boni and Liveright, Inc.
  9. ^ Gupta, Anil K. (10 July 2004). "Origin of agriculture and domestication of plants and animals linked to early Holocene climate amelioration" (PDF). Current Science. 87 (1). Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2004.
  10. ISBN 978-1-85973-825-2
    .
  11. ^ "Why did anthropologists get interested in peasants?". Experience Rich Anthropology. University of Kent at Canterbury. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
  12. ISBN 978-0-312-25399-8
    .
  13. ISBN 978-0-205-12806-8
    .
  14. hdl:10983/23610
    .
  15. ^ de Tocqueville, Alexis (1840). Democracy in America. London: Saunders and Otley.
  16. ^ Compare:
    ISBN 978-0226737058
    . Retrieved 8 August 2016. For Tocqueville individualism meant the habit of living isolated from your fellows, of not concerning yourself with any public affairs, and of abandoning those matters to the care of the government as the only clearly visible representative of common interests. Like democratic materialism, democratic individualism led to the death of civic life and opened the door to any despotic power that would assume responsibility for shared interests. ... We need to recognize that ... Tocqueville ... treated the United States as something of an exception. He had described the American republic as shielded from the worst effects of democratic materialism; in his analysis, it was also insulated from individualism.
  17. ^
    ISBN 978-0521405614
    . Retrieved 8 August 2016. Long-term, purposeful activities are journeys. ... In our culture, life is assumed to be purposeful, that is, we are expected to have goals in life. In the event[-]structure metaphor, purposes are destinations and purposeful action is self-propelled motion towards a destination. A purposeful life is a journey. Goals in life are destinations on the journey. ... Choosing a means to achieve a goal is choosing a path to destination. ... [T]he love is a journey metaphor inherits the structure of the life is a journey metaphor. ... a career is a journey.
  18. ^ Best, Shaun (2009). Leisure Studies: Themes and Perspectives. SAGE Publications. pp. 201.
    ISBN 978-1-4129-0386-8
    . work leisure.
  19. ^ Shah, Agam (2 October 2009). "Netbooks Propel Global Semiconductor Sales". PCWorld. PCWorld Communications, Inc. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
  20. ^ Stebbins, Robert A. (November 2002). "Choice and Experiential Definitions of Leisure" (PDF). LSA Newsletter. 63.
  21. ^ Leisure Time on an Average Day. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved 26 February 2011. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

Further reading

Media related to Personal life at Wikimedia Commons

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