Peruvian art
This article is part of a series on the |
Culture of Peru |
---|
Peru portal |
Peruvian art has its origin in the
Pre-Columbian art
Peru's earliest artwork came from the
Between the 9th century BC and the 2nd century CE, the Paracas Cavernas and Paracas Necropolis cultures developed on the south coast of Peru. Paracas Cavernas produced complex polychrome and monochrome ceramics with religious representations. Burials from the Paracas Necropolis also yielded complex textiles, many produced with sophisticated geometric patterns.
The 3rd century BCE saw the flowering of the urban culture,
Another urban culture, the
Between the 9th and 13th centuries CE, the military urban Tiwanaku empire rose by the borders of Lake Titicaca. Centered around a city of the same name in modern-day Bolivia, the Tiwanaku introduced stone architecture and sculpture of a monumental type. These works of architecture and art were made possible by the Tiwanaku's developing bronze, which enabled them to make the necessary tools.
Urban architecture reached a new height between the 14th and 15th centuries in the
The
-
Nazca mantle from Paracas Necropolis, 1-100 CE This is a "double fish" (probably sharks) design, Brooklyn Museum
-
Moche Nariguera depicting the Decapitator (Ayapec, Ai Apaec), gold with turquoise and chrysocolla inlays, c. 200–850 CE, Museo Oro del Peru, Lima
-
A view of Machu Picchu, Incan architecture, c. 1450 CE
-
Textile doll (11th century), Chancay culture, found near Lima, Walters Art Museum. Of their small size, dolls are frequently found in ancient Peruvian tombs.[1]
Colonial art
Peruvian
Painting of this time reflected a synthesis of European and indigenous influences, as is evident in the portrait of prisoner Atahualpa, by
During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Baroque Style also dominated the field of plastic arts.
-
Virgin of Carmel Saving Souls in Purgatory, Circle of Diego Quispe Tito, 17th century, collection of the Brooklyn Museum
-
The Marriage of Captain Martin de Loyola to Beatriz Ñusta, c. 1675–1690, Church of la Compañía de Jesús, Cuzco
-
Our Lady of Bethelem, anonymous, 18th century
-
Archangel Uriel, anonymous, 18th century, featuring an Ángel arcabucero
-
Stalls of theCathedralchoir, Pedro de Noguera
The image of Mary in Our Lady of Bethlehem hosts a lot of European styling and representations of the Western Mary. She is elevated from the ground, and is wearing a crown and has the faint image of a circular halo behind her head. She is being presented as cherubic figures pull back drapery, as if she is being "showcased." Surrounding her are small cherubic heads, often referred to as "puti's" in Southern American culture. They represent the innocence of children and act as a nod to her maternity and Jesus. She is dresses in obvious western, high-culture garments - highly adorned. Even the infant Christ is portrayed in western apparel.
19th century
In the 19th century,
Modern and contemporary
Indigenous movement
The establishment of the Fine Arts School of Lima (1919) had a decisive influence on Peruvian sculpture and painting.
In
.In the field of photography, Martín Chambi made major contributions.
Contemporary Art
Teresa Burga was a multimedia artist that works with conceptual art since the 60s and 70s. She was a pioneer in media art, art and technology and installation art in Peru. She was one of the most important non-objectualist artists of those decades in Peru.
In sculpture Cristina Gálvez[7] was one of the most influential artists and art educators. In the 1980s after the art festival Contacta 1979 the group Huayco was created by Charo Noriega, Mariella Zevallos, Maria Luy, Armando Williams, Herbert Rodriguez and Juan Javier Salazar. This group appropriated the means of production and iconography of popular aesthetics.[8] Within the history of Contemporary Art in Peru the Third Biennial of Trujilo in 1990 played an important role.[9] This biennial included local artists as well as artists from neighboring countries. Jorge Eduardo Eielson and Jorge Piqueras were among the exhibiting artists that returned to Peru from Europe to participate within this biennial. It was the last biennial in Trujillo. In 1992 the artist Jaime Higa presented an exhibition at The Museum of Italian Art in Lima curated by Gustavo Buntinx.[10] The 80s were marked by the civil war and artists responded to the political situation. Among these artists are Eduardo Tokeshi, Ricardo Wiesse and Alfredo Marquez. Later on in 1997 the First Ibero American Biennial was produced in Lima directed by Luis Lama. This biennial allowed for the exchange of ideas and a wider exposure for Peruvian artists. A memorable moment within this biennial was the unexpected performance by Elena Tejada-Herrera, which became an milestone within the history of Peruvian performance art. In 1999 Tejada-Herrera was awarded the first prize in the contest Passport for and Artist with a performance for which she hired street sellers performing on the streets of Lima.[11] Another milestone in the history of contemporary Peruvian art is the Travestite Museum created by the philosopher and drag queen Giussepe Campuzano in 2003. [12]
Folk art
The
.Further reading
- Americas Society, Art Gallery. Potosí: Colonial Treasures and the Bolivian City of Silver. New York 1997.
- Banco Crédito del Peru. Colección arte y tesoros del Perú: Escultura en el Perú. Lima 1999.
- Banco Crédito del Peru. Colección arte y tesoros del Perú: Pintura en el Virreinato del Perú. Lima 2001.
- Banco Crédito del Peru. Colección arte y tesoros del Perú: Pintura mural en el sur andino. Lima 1999.
- Banco Crédito del Peru. Colección arte y tesoros del Perú: Pintura virreynal. Lima 1973.
- Benavente Velarde. Historia del arte cusqueño: Pintores cusqueños de la colonia. Cuzco 1995.
- Castedo, Leopoldo. The Cuzco Circle. New York 1976.
- Cummins, Thomas B.F. Toasts with the Inca: Andean Abstraction and Colonial Images on Quero Vessels. Ann Arbor 2002.
- Damian, Carol. The Virgin of the Andes: Art and Ritual in Colonial Cuzco. Miami Beach 1995.
- Dean, Carolyn. Inka Bodies and the Body of Christ: Corpus Christi in Colonial Cuzco, Peru. Durham: Duke University Press 1999.
- Kennedy, Alexandra, ed. Arte de la Real Audiencia de Quito, siglos XVII-XIX. Quito 2002.
- Museo del Arte de Lima. Art in Peru: works from the Collection of the Museo de Arte de Lima. Lima 2000.
- Navarro, José Gabriel. El arte en la provincia de Quito. Mexico City 1960.
- Palmer, Gabrielle G. Sculpture in the Kingdom of Quito. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 1987.
- Urton, Gary. Signs of the Inka Khipu. Austin: University of Texas Press 2003.
- Wethey, Harold E. Colonial Architecture and Sculpture in Peru. Cambridge MA 1949.
See also
References
- ^ "Textile Doll". Walters Art Museum site.
- ^ Fountain of the Main Square of Lima
- ISBN 030010491X.
- ISBN 9788474902495.
- ^ Ananda Cohen Suarez (May 2016). "Painting Beyond the Frame: Religious Murals of Colonial Peru". MAVCOR of the Yale University.
- ^ Wuffarden, Luis Eduardo, García Bryce, José ; Majluf, Natalia ; Villacorta, Jorge ; Trivelli, Carlo (2004). Enciclopedia Temática del Perú. Arte y Arquitectura. El Comercio. p. 132. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Wuffarden, Luis Eduardo, García Bryce, José ; Majluf, Natalia ; Villacorta, Jorge ; Trivelli, Carlo (2004). Enciclopedia Temática del Perú. Arte y Arquitectura (2004 ed.). El Comercio. p. 170. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Wuffarden, Luis Eduardo ; García Bryce, José ; Majluf, Natalia ; Villacorta, Jorge, Trivelli, Carlo. (2004). Enciclopedia Temática del Perú. Arte y Arquitectura (2004 ed.). El Comercio. p. 165. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Trivelli, Carlo., Wuffarden, Luis Eduardo ; García Bryce, José ; Majluf, Natalia ; Villacorta, Jorge (2004). Enciclopedia Temática del Perú. Arte y Arquitectura (2004 ed.). El Comercio. p. 171. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Wuffarden, Luis Eduardo ; García Bryce, José ; Majluf, Natalia ; Villacorta, Jorge, Trivelli, Carlo (2004). Enciclopedia Temática del Perú. Arte y Arquitectura (2004 ed.). El comercio. p. 182. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Wuffarden, Luis Eduardo ; García Bryce, José ; Majluf, Natalia ; Villacorta, Jorge, Trivelli, Carlo. (2004). Enciclopedia Temática del Perú. Arte y Arquitectura (2004 ed.). El Comercio. p. 182.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Lopez, Miguel (2014-07-09). "Museo, musexo, mutexto, mutante: la máquina travesti de Giuseppe Campuzano". Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- ^ "Chulucanas Potery [sic] History." Ceramica Chulucanas. (retrieved 15 Nov 2011)
External links
- Ancient Peruvian ceramics: the Nathan Cummings collection by Alan R. Sawyer, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Peruvian art