Pierre Gemayel
Pierre Gemayel | |
---|---|
بيار الجميّل | |
2nd President of the Lebanese Football Association | |
In office 1935–1939 | |
Preceded by | Hussein Sejaan |
Succeeded by | Farid Ammoun |
Member of Parliament for Beirut | |
In office 1960–1984 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Saint Joseph University | 6 November 1905
Occupation | Pharmacist |
This article is part of a series on |
Maronite politics |
---|
Lebanon portal |
Pierre Amine Gemayel, also spelled Jmayyel, Jemayyel or al-Jumayyil (
He opposed the
Gemayel also had a career in football in the 1930s, captaining the Lebanon national team as a player. He also became the first Lebanese football referee to officiate matches internationally, and was the second president of the Lebanese Football Association, between 1935 and 1939.
Early life and education
Pierre Gemayel was born on 6 November 1905 in Bikfaya, Lebanon into a Maronite family.[1] His father Amine Bachir Gemayel, known as Abou Ali, and his uncle were forced to flee to Egypt after being sentenced to death in 1914 for opposing Ottoman rule, returning to Lebanon only at the end of World War I.
Gemayel was educated at
In association football
Gemayel also took an interest in sport, playing football.[3] In 1935 he became president of the Lebanese Football Association (LFA); the same year he became Lebanon's first referee to officiate internationally.[4] As captain of the Lebanon national team, Gemayel attended the 1936 Olympic games in Berlin,[3] alongside Hussein Sejaan,[5] the former LFA president.[6] After the games, he also visited various Central European countries.[5] Gemayel remained president of the LFA until 1939.[4]
Foundation of Kataeb Party
On his return to Lebanon from Europe, in 1936 Gemayel founded Al Kataeb Al Loubnaniyyah party (Phalangist Party a.k.a. Kataeb Party) with Georges Naqqache, Charles Helou, Chafic Nassif and Hamid Franjieh, who was later replaced with Emile Yared, modelling the party after the Spanish and Italian Fascist parties he had observed there.[7][8][9][10] At first, the goal of the party was to enhance people's patriotism and civic-mindedness, but later on turned into a political resistance to the French authorities in the region.[11]Gemayel was also influenced from the Sokol movement of Czechoslovakia during this visit to the Central Europe after the 1936 Olympic games, and employed the doctrine of this movement while founding the Kataeb party.[5] Kataeb Party is described as a right-wing Christian Party.[12]
The foundation of
Career
In the years before and after Lebanon's independence, Gemayel's influence and that of the Kataeb Party was limited. It survived a French attempt to forcibly dissolve it in 1937 and took part in an uprising against the French Mandate in 1943, but despite its membership of 35,000, it operated on the fringes of
Lebanon has long been a battleground in the
Gemayel was also to reverse his position on the Syrian intervention in the
On 4 June 1979, an attempt was made to assassinate Pierre Gemayel.[17] The previous month, 13 May, Amine Gemayel also escaped an assassination attempt.[18]
Later years and death
Gemayel saw his younger son, Bachir Gemayel, elected president of Lebanon on 23 August 1982, only to be assassinated on 14 September, nine days before his scheduled inauguration. Bachir's older brother, Amine Gemayel was elected to replace him. Pierre Gemayel himself initially stayed out of Amine Gemayel's government, but in early 1984, after participating in two conferences in Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland, aimed at ending the civil war and the occupation of the country by Israeli troops in 1982, he agreed to serve once more in a cabinet of national unity that was formed by Rashid Karami in May 1984.[19] He served as the minister of public health and communications in the cabinet led by then prime minister Karami.[2]
Gemayel was still in office when he died of a heart attack in Bikfaya on 29 August 1984.[20] He was at the age of 78.[2] Gemayel's body was buried next to Bashir Gemayel's grave in Bikfaya on 30 August 1984.[21]
Personal life
Gemayel was married to Genevieve Gemayel, and they celebrated the 50th anniversary of their marriage in August 1984.[22] They had six children. His younger son, Bachir Gemayel was assassinated on 14 September 1982 after being elected to the presidency. His grandson Pierre Amine Gemayel, then industry minister, was similarly assassinated on 21 November 2006. Several other descendants of Pierre Gemayel, including two grandchildren, were also murdered during the civil war period.[21]
References
- ^ شيخ بيار الجميل. You Tube. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
- ^ a b c "Pierre Gemayel, Lebanese Christian leader". The Day. Beirut. Associated Press. 30 August 1984. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
- ^ a b Fisk, Robert (2002). Pity The Nation. Nation Books. pp. 48–49.
- ^ a b "Pierre El Gemayel". abdogedeon.com. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
- ^ ISBN 978-90-04-03911-7. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
- ISBN 0000281247.
- ^ "Lebanon - Phalange Party". CountryStudies.us. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
- ISBN 1-860647154.
- ISBN 0-8028-2860-4.
lebanon phalange fascism.
- ISBN 978-0-8122-4046-7.
- ^ Stoakes, Frank (1975). "The Supervigilantes: The Lebanese Kataeb Party as a Builder, Surrogate and Defender of the State". Middle Eastern Studies. 11 (3): 215.
- S2CID 145269097.
- ISBN 9782811105952.
- ^ "New cabinet in Lebanon civil strife". The Daily Reporter. 14 October 1958. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
- ^ "Former Ministers". 18 December 2019. Archived from the original on 18 December 2019.
- ^ "Guerrillas, Arab militia in shootout". The Spokesman Review. Beirut. Associated Press. 28 March 1970. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
- ^ Middle East International No 101, 8 June 1979; pp.12-14
- ^ Middle East International No 100, 25 May 1979; pp.13-15
- ^ "Lebanese cabinet members announced; one refuses post". The Milwaukee Sentinel. 1 May 1984. Retrieved 23 March 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Pierre Gemayel, Lebanon war figure and father of nation's president, dies". The Pittsburgh Press. Beirut. 29 August 1984. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
- ^ a b "Pierre Gemayel was praised as Lebanese hero". Lakeland Ledger. Bikfaya. Associated Press. 30 August 1984. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
- ^ "Pierre Gemayel dies in Lebanon at 78". Sarasota Herald Tribune. Beirut. Associated Press. 30 August 1984. Retrieved 23 March 2013.