Pomacentridae

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Clownfish and damselfish
Temporal range: Early Paleocene–present
Cocoa damselfish, Stegastes variabilis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
(unranked): Ovalentaria
Family: Pomacentridae
Bonaparte, 1832[1]
Type species
Pomacentrus pavo
Bloch, 1787
Genera

See text

Pomacentridae is a

ray-finned fish, comprising the damselfishes and clownfishes. This family were formerly placed in the order Perciformes but are now regarded as being incertae sedis in the subseries Ovalentaria in the clade Percomorpha.[2]
They are primarily
territoriality. Many are brightly colored, so they are popular in aquaria
.

Around 385

Lepidozyginae, and Pomacentrinae.[5]

The earliest known fossil damselfish is Chaychanus from the Early Paleocene of Chiapas, Mexico.[6]

Etymology

The name of the family is derived from the

sting. The name refers to the serrations found along the margins of the opercular bones in many members of this family.[4]

Distribution and habitat

Pomacentrids are found primarily in tropical seas, with a few species occurring in subtropical waters (e.g., Hypsypops rubicundus). Most species are found on or near coral reefs in the Indo-West Pacific (from East Africa to Polynesia). The area from the Philippines to Australia hosts the greatest concentration of species.[7] The remaining species are found in the Atlantic or eastern Pacific.[citation needed] Some species are native to freshwater or brackish estuarine environments.[3][8]

Most members of the family live in shallow water, from 2 to 15 m (6 ft 7 in to 49 ft 3 in) in depth, although some species (e.g., Chromis abyssus) are found below 100 m (330 ft).[9] Most species are specialists, living in specific parts of the reef, such as sandy lagoons, steep reef slopes, or areas exposed to strong wave action. In general, the coral is used as shelter, and many species can only survive in its presence.[8]

The bottom-dwelling species are territorial, occupying and defending a portion of the reef, often centered on shelter. By keeping away other species of fish, some pomacentrids encourage the growth of thick mats of

farmerfish.[8]

Characteristics

UAE

Pomacentrids have an orbiculate to elongated body shape, which is often laterally compressed. They have interrupted or incomplete lateral lines and they usually have a single nostril on each side (some species of

ctenoid
scales. They have one or two rows of teeth, which may be conical or spatulate.

They display a wide range of colors, predominantly bright shades of yellow, red, orange, and blue, although some are a relatively drab brown, black, or grey. The young are often a different, brighter color than adults.

Pomacentrids are

Cheiloprion, eat the coral where they live.[8]

Clownfish with anemone

They also engage in symbiotic relationship with cleaner gobies of genus

ectoparasites on their bodies.[10] Clownfish also have mutualistic relationships with anemones.[11]
The anemone protects the clownfish while the clownfish rids parasites.

Lifecycle

Before breeding, the males clear an area of algae and invertebrates to create a nest. They engage in ritualised

externally. Varying by species, brood sizes range from 50 to 1000 eggs.[8]

The male guards the nest for the two to seven days needed for the eggs to hatch. The transparent

larvae are 2 to 4 mm (0.079 to 0.157 in) long. They go through a pelagic stage, which depending on the species, can last as little as a week or more than a month.[12] When they arrive at a suitable environment, the young settle and adopt their juvenile colors.[8]

In captivity, pomacentrids live up to 18 years, but they probably do not live longer than 10 to 12 years in the wild.[8]

Genera

The 5th edition of Fishes of the World recognises 31 genera in three subfamilies in the family Pomacentridae:[2][13][1]

† means extinct

Other authoritiies recognise 4 subfamilies and classify the family as follows:[13]

  • Subfamily Chrominae
  • Subfamily Glyphisodontinae
    • Abudefduf
  • Subfamily Microspathodontinae
    • Hypsypops
    • Lepidozygus
    • Mecaenichthys
    • Microspathodon
    • Nexilosus
    • Parma (fish)|Parma
    • Plectroglyphidodon
    • Similiparma
    • Stegastes
  • Subfamily Pomacentrindeae
    • Acanthochromis
    • Altrichthys
    • Amblyglyphidodon
    • Amblypomacentrus
    • Amphiprion
    • Cheiloprion
    • Chrysiptera
    • Dischistodus
    • Hemiglyphidodon
    • Neoglyphidodon
    • Neopomacentrus
    • Pomacentrus
    • Pomachromis
    • Premnas
    • Pristotis
    • Teixeirichthys
  • †Palaeopomacentrus

References

  1. ^
    PMID 25543675
    .
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6
    .
  3. ^ a b Jenkins, A.P. & G.R. Allen (2002). "Neopomacentrus aquadulcis, a new species of damselfish (Pomacentridae) from eastern Papua New Guinea". Records of the Western Australian Museum. 20: 379–382.
  4. ^ a b Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2007). "Pomacentridae" in FishBase. July 2007 version.
  5. ISBN 978-0-87666-034-8
    .
  6. ISSN 0895-9811
    .
  7. ^
    ISBN 978-0-471-25031-9
    .
  8. ^
    ISBN 978-0-12-547665-2
    .
  9. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1671.1.2.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  10. S2CID 24134075
    .
  11. ^ "Amphiprion - Encyclopedia of Life". www.eol.org. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
  12. JSTOR 1445439
    .
  13. ^ a b Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Pomacentridae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  14. S2CID 84430386
    .

External links

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