Percomorpha

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Percomorpha
Temporal range: Santonian–present Possible Cenomanian record
Rose fish
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Superorder: Acanthopterygii
Clade: Percomorpha
Cope, 1871
Subgroups

See text

Synonyms
  • Percomorphaceae Betancur-Rodriguez et al., 2013
  • Acanthopteri

Percomorpha (from

anglerfish, and pufferfish.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Evolution

Percomorpha are the most

Ma ago.[7] The oldest known percomorph fossils are of the early tetraodontiforms Protriacanthus and Cretatriacanthidae from the Santonian to Campanian of Italy and Slovenia.[8] A higher diversity of early percomorphs is also known from the Campanian of Nardò, Italy, and these also show some level of diversification into modern orders, with representatives of the Syngnathiformes and Tetraodontiformes known.[9] Possibly the oldest percomorph is Plectocretacicus from the Cenomanian of Lebanon, which may be a stem-tetraodontiform; however, some morphological analyses indicate that it shows similarities with non-percomorph groups.[8][10]

Evolution of ray-finned fishes, Actinopterygii, from the Devonian to the present as a spindle diagram. The width of the spindles are proportional to the number of families as a rough estimate of diversity. The diagram is based on Benton, M. J. (2005) Vertebrate Palaeontology, Blackwell, 3rd edition, Fig 7.13 on page 185.

Phylogeny

External relationships

The two cladograms below are based on Betancur-R et al., 2017.[5] Percomorphs are a clade of teleost fishes. The first cladogram shows the interrelationships of percomorphs with other living groups of teleosts.


Teleostei

Anguilliformes)

Osteoglossocephala

Osteoglossomorpha (Hiodontiformes, Osteoglossiformes)

Clupeocephala
Otocephala

Clupei (Clupeiformes)

Alepocephali (Alepocephaliformes)

Siluriformes)

Euteleostei
Lepidogalaxii

Lepidogalaxiiformes
(salamanderfish)

Salmoniformes)

Stomiati (Stomiiformes, Osmeriformes)

Neoteleostei
Ateleopodia

Ateleopodidae (jellynoses)

Eurypterygia
Aulopa

Aulopiformes (lizardfish)

Ctenosquamata
Scopelomorpha

Myctophiformes (lanternfish)

Acanthomorpha

Lampripterygii (Lampriformes)

Stylephoriformes, Gadiformes)

Polymixiipterygii

Polymixiiformes (beardfish)

Acanthopterygii
Berycimorphaceae

whalefishes)

pinecone fishes, slimeheads)

Holocentrimorphaceae

squirrelfish, soldier fishes)

Percomorpha


Internal relationships

The following cladogram shows the

extant
percomorph fishes:


  Percomorpha  
   
  Ophidiaria  

Ophidiiformes (cusk-eels)

   
  Batrachoidaria  

Batrachoididae (toadfishes)

   
  Pelagiaria  

Scombriformes (tunas, mackerel, etc.)

  Syngnatharia  

seahorses, seadragon, etc.)

   
  Gobiaria  
   

Gobiiformes (gobies)

cardinalfishes)

   
   
  Anabantaria  
  Carangaria  
   
   

Polynemidae (threadfins)

   

Lactariidae (false trevally)

Menidae (moonfish)

   
  Part of "Carangiformes"  
   

Nematistiidae (roosterfish)

   

Echeneidae (remoras)

   

Coryphaenidae (dolphinfish)

Rachycentridae (cobia)

   

Sphyraenidae (barracudas)

   
   

Centropomidae (snooks)

Pleuronectiformes (flatfish)

   
  Part of "Carangiformes"  

Carangidae (jacks)

   

Istiophoriformes (billfish)

   

Leptobramidae
(beachsalmons)

Toxotidae (archerfish)

  Ovalentaria  
   
  Cichlomorphae  
   

Cichliformes (cichlids, convict blennies)

Polycentridae (leaffish)

  Atherinomorphae  
   

Beloniformes (needlefish, flying fish, halfbeaks)

   

Atheriniformes (silversides, rainbowfish, etc.)

Cyprinodontiformes (tooth-carps)

   

Ambassidae (Asiatic glassfishes)

   
   

Congrogadidae (eel blenny)

Pomacentridae (damselfishes, clownfish)

   
   

Embiotocidae (surfperches)

  Mugilomorphae  

Mugiliformes (mullets)

   

Lipogramma

   

Plesiopidae (roundheads)

   

Pseudochromidae (dottybacks)

   

Grammatidae (basslets)

   

Opistognathidae (jawfishes)

  Blenniimorphae  
   

clinids, sand stargazers)

Gobiesociformes (clingfishes)

  Eupercaria  
   

Gerreiformes (mojarras)

   
   

Uranoscopiformes (stargazers)

   

Centrogenyidae (false scorpionfish)

Labriformes (wrasses, cales, parrotfish)

   
   

scorpionfishes, etc.)

   

black basses, temperate perches, etc.)

Pempheriformes (sweepers)

   
   

Moronidae (temperate basses)

Sillaginidae (smelt-whitings)

   

Ephippiformes (spadefishes, batfishes)

   
   
   

Chaetodontiformes (butterflyfishes)

Sciaenidae (drums, croakers)

   
   

ponyfishes)

Monodactylidae (moonyfishes, fingerfishes)

   

Emmelichthyidae (rovers)

   

Pomacanthidae (angelfishes)

   

Lutjaniformes (snappers)

   

Callanthiidae (splendid perches)

Malacanthidae (tilefishes)

   
   

Lobotiformes (tripletails)

Spariformes

   

Siganidae (rabbitfishes)

   
 

bigeyes, bandfishes)

Scatophagidae (scats)

   

Caproiformes (boarfishes)

   

Lophiiformes (anglerfishes)

pufferfishes, triggerfishes, etc.)

References

  1. PMID 34430038
    .
  2. PMID 22869754
    .
  3. PMID 23653398
    .
  4. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00932.x
    .
  5. ^
    PMID 28683774
    .
  6. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6
    .
  7. PMID 26124114
    .
  8. ^
    ISSN 1055-7903
    .
  9. ISSN 1374-8505
    .
  10. ISSN 0045-8511
    .
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Percomorpha&oldid=1226756900"