Protectionist Party

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This article is about the Australian Protectionist Party of 1887–1909. For the current Australian party, see Australian Protectionist Party. For the Swedish party, see Protectionist Party (Sweden).
Protectionist Party
Historic leaders
Anti-socialism
Political positionCentre[1]
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The Protectionist Party, also known as the Protectionist Liberal Party or Liberal Protectionist Party, was an

Victoria and in the rural areas of New South Wales. Its most prominent leaders were Sir Edmund Barton and Alfred Deakin, who were the first and second prime ministers of Australia
.

History

Edmund Barton, the first prime minister of Australia, 1901-1903

The party was initially centred on New South Wales, where its leaders were George Dibbs and William Lyne. It dominated New South Wales colonial politics before federation. It first contested the 1887 New South Wales election.

On the commencement of the

Commonwealth of Australia, Governor-General-designate, The 7th Earl of Hopetoun, appointed Edmund Barton (after the Hopetoun Blunder), leader of the Protectionist Party, to head a caretaker government from 1 January 1901 until the election of a Parliament. At the first federal election in 1901, the Protectionists won 31 of the 75 seats in the House of Representatives. Barton was able to form the Barton minority government with the support of the Labour Party led by Chris Watson, which held the balance of power with 14 seats, on the understanding that the Protectionists would implement a number of social reforms desired by Labour. Labour's program, however, was frequently too radical for many Protectionists, creating internal conflict between those who, like H. B. Higgins, were sympathetic to Labour, while conservatives like Allan McLean preferred to support the Free Trade Party
.

On 25 August 1903, legislation to set up the High Court of Australia consisting of three judges was finally passed.[2] Barton resigned his party leadership position on 24 September 1903 to be replaced by Deakin who then formed the first Deakin government. Then, on 5 October 1903, Deakin appointed Barton, as well as the party's Senate leader, Richard O'Connor, to be justices of the High Court, before calling the 1903 federal election for December and going into caretaker government mode. At the election, the number of seats won by the Protectionists declined to 26 while Labour's increased to 22, but Labour continued its policy of supporting a minority Deakin Protectionist government.

Alfred Deakin, prime minister of Australia 1903-1904, 1905-1908, 1909-1910

After a falling out in April 1904 between Labour's Watson and Deakin, Deakin resigned office. Free Trade leader

Anti-Socialist Party. At the election, the Protectionists, whose protectionist policies were by then redundant, won only 16 seats to Labour's 26, but Labour still led by Watson continued to support Deakin who formed the well known third Deakin Protectionist government
.

Labour now under

Commonwealth Liberal Party (CLP), popularly known as "the Fusion Party", with Deakin as leader and Cook as deputy leader. The more liberal Protectionists defected to Labour. Deakin and the new CLP now held a majority on the floor of the House of Representatives and the Fisher government fell in a vote on 27 May 1909. Fisher failed to persuade the Governor-General Lord Dudley to dissolve Parliament.[3] The Deakin CLP government was in power for less than a year until the 1910 election, where Labour under Fisher formed Australia's first elected federal majority government, and the first elected Senate majority, winning 42 of the 75 seats in the House of Representatives to the Liberal's 31. Deakin retired from Parliament in April 1913 and Cook took over the Liberal leadership before the calling of the 1913 election. The Liberals under Cook won government in 1913 by a single seat, however, Labor retained a Senate majority. Cook called a double dissolution, the first time one would be called. When the Senate rejected a bill twice, Cook called the 1914 election
. The election had been called before the declaration of war in August 1914, and the campaign was conducted with the caretaker government going onto a war footing. At the election, the Liberals were soundly defeated with another Labor majority in both houses.

While the party itself disappeared into history, many of its key legislative initiatives, such as the White Australia policy and tariff protection for industry, were maintained by successive Australian governments for a large part of the 20th century. However, Labor could also take credit or be blamed (as the case may be) as many of the bills were passed during the Protectionist-Labour minority governments as part of Labour's agreement for supporting a Protectionist government.

Electoral results

Parliament of Australia

House of Representatives
Election year # of
overall votes 		% of
overall vote 		# of
overall seats won 		+/– Leader
1901 185,943 (#1) 36.75
31 / 75
–
Edmund Barton
1903 214,091 (#3) 29.70
26 / 75
Decrease 5
Alfred Deakin
1906 156,425 (#3) 16.44
16 / 75
Decrease 10
Alfred Deakin
Senate
Election year # of
overall votes 		% of
overall vote 		# of
overall seats won 		+/– Leader
1901 1,197,723 (#1) 44.86
11 / 36
–
Edmund Barton
1903 503,586 (#3) 17.53
8 / 36
Decrease 3
Alfred Deakin
1906 369,308 (#3) 12.41
6 / 36
Decrease 2
Alfred Deakin

Parliament of New South Wales

Legislative Assembly
Election year # of
overall votes 		% of
overall vote 		# of
overall seats won 		+/– Leader
1887 42,354 (#2) 32.89
37 / 124
–
George Dibbs
1889 77,468 (#1) 51.37
66 / 137
Increase 29
George Dibbs
1891 65,866 (#1) 32.6
52 / 141
Decrease 14
George Dibbs
1894 55,652 (#2) 27.69
37 / 125
Decrease 15
George Dibbs
1895 50,703 (#2) 33.43
42 / 125
Increase 5
George Dibbs
1898 76,161 (#1) 43.03
52 / 125
Increase 10
William Lyne

See also

References

  1. ^ Brett, Judith (2019). From Secret Ballot to Democracy Sausage How Australia Got Compulsory Voting. Text Publishing Company. pp. 89–90.
  2. ^ Judiciary Act 1903
  3. ISSN 1833-7538. Archived
    from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2011.

External links

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