Qisas al-Anbiya
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The Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ (
Since the Quran refers only parabolically to the stories of the prophets, assuming the audience is able to complete the rest from their own knowledge, it became necessary to store the version the original audience had in mind to keep the purpose of the message, when Islam met other cultures during its expansion.[1]
Authors of these texts drew on many traditions available to medieval Islamic civilization such as those of Asia, Africa, China, and Europe. Many of these scholars were also authors of commentaries on the Qurʾān; unlike Qurʾān commentaries, however, which follow the order and structure of the Qurʾān itself, the qiṣaṣ told its stories of the prophets in chronological order, which makes them similar to the Jewish and Christian versions of the Bible. The narrations within the Qisas al-anbiyāʾ frequently emphasise wisdom and moral teachings rather than limiting themselves to historical-style narratives.[2]
Content
The Qiṣaṣ thus usually begins with the creation of the world and its various creatures including angels, and culminating in
History
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The Qurʾān frequently mentions and makes use of stories of biblical figures, but only in the case of
Alongside written commentaries in the early Islamic period, under the
By the early ninth century CE the tradition of both written commentaries and oral storytelling inspired collections of fully narrated biographies of the prophets, and these Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ became a distinct genre of Islamic literature:
Like the Qurʾānic commentaries or Jewish
During the mid-sixteenth century, several gorgeously
Islamic scholars and theologians have consistently regarded the writings in Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyāʾ as undependable for studying the lives of Prophets or for historical research; viewing the work with disapproval.[12] Abdul Wahhab Najjar's (1862–1941) modern Qiṣaṣ explains the stories of the prophets solely based on Quranic sources, being diametrically opposed to the Medieval tractats of the same title. However, they share the chronological structure of earlier Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyāʾ and a summary of the prophetic moral lessons.[13]
Major Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ
| author | title | date (CE) | language | modern translations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abū Ḥudhayfa Isḥāq ibn Bishr Qurashī | Mubtadaʾ al-dunyā wa-qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ | c. 800 | Arabic | |
| ʿUmāra ibn Wathīma | Kitāb badʾ al-khalq wa-qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ | ninth century | Arabic | French[14] |
| al-Ṭabarī | Tārīkh al-Rusul wa al-Mulūk | early tenth century | Arabic | English[15] |
| Baḷʿamī | Tarikhnama | tenth century | Persian | |
Abū Isḥāq al-Thaʿlabī
|
ʿArāʾis al-majālis fī qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ | early eleventh century | Arabic | English,[16] German[17] |
| Ibn Muṭarrif al-Ṭarafī | Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ | earlier eleventh century | Arabic | Italian[18] |
Abū Naṣr Aḥmad al-Bukhārī
|
Tāj al-qiṣaṣ | c. 1081 | Persian | |
| Muḥammad al-Kisāʾī | Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ | c. 1100 | Arabic | English,[3] Hebrew |
| Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Mansūr ibn Khalaf | twelfth century | |||
| Nāṣir al-Dīn ibn Burhān al-Dīn Rabghūzī | Qiṣaṣ-i Rabghūzī
|
1310/1311 | Khwārazm Turkish
|
English[19] |
| Ibn Kathir | Qaṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ | fourteenth century | Arabic | |
| Muḥammad Rabadán | Discurso de la luz de Muhamad | 1603 | Spanish |
See also
References
- .
- ISBN 978-1-317-11220-4.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-871031-01-0.
- ^ De Nicola, Bruno, Sara Nur Yıldız, and A. C. S. Peacock, eds. Islam and Christianity in medieval Anatolia. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2015.
- ISBN 978-3-8252-3303-7p. 19
- ISBN 978-1-351-96362-6p. 316
- ^ ISBN 978-3-11-240112-5.
- ISBN 978-90-04-11211-7.
- ^ a b Roberto Tottoli, 'The Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ of Ibn Muṭarrif al-Ṭarafī (d. 454/1062): Stories of the Prophets from al-Andalus', Al-Qantara, 19.1 (1998), 131–60.
- ISBN 978-1-351-96362-6p. 319
- ^ Stories of the Prophets Archived 3 July 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 978-0-86078-701-3.)
Islamic theological circles have never considered qisas al-anbiya works of either type as a reliable source.. All Islamic theologians until the present day have maintained a negative attitude toward qisas al-anbiya works
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link - ISBN 978-1-351-96362-6p. 322
- ^ Khoury, Raif Georges, ed. (1978). Les légendes prophétiques dans l'islam depuis le Ier jusqu'au IIIe siècle de l'Hégire. Otto Harrassowitz.
- ^ History of Tabari (The History of the Prophets and Kings) - Complete 40 Volumes by Umair Mirza
- ISBN 978-90-04-12589-6.
- ^ Busse, Heribert, ed. Islamische Erzählungen von Propheten und Gottesmännern: Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʼ oder ʻArāʼis al-maǧālis. Vol. 9. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 2006.
- ^ Roberto Tottoli, "Le Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyāʾ di Ṭarafi" (PhD thesis, Istituto Universitario Orientale, Naples, 1996).
- ISBN 978-90-04-29483-7.
Sources
- Wheeler, Brannon. Stories of the Prophets—illuminated manuscript pages
- Milstein, Rachel, Karin Ruhrdanz, and Barbara Schmitz (1999). Stories of the Prophets: Illustrated Manuscripts of Qisas al-Anbiya (Islamic Art & Architecture Series, No. 8). Mazda Publishers, Inc.
- Qasas-ul-Anbiya—EasyIslam
- KAZI Publications Inc.: Tales of the Prophets (Qisas al-anbiya)
- Stories of the Prophets—World Digital Library
External links
Media related to Qisas Al-Anbiya at Wikimedia Commons
- Stories of the Prophets as Told by People of the Desert
- STORIES OF PROPHETS - by Ibn Kathir: (Urdu / Arabic/ English / Bangla / Pashto) - with similar Books
- G. Weil, The Bible, the Koran, and the Talmud: or, Biblical Legends of the Mussulmans, Compiled from Arabic Sources, and Compared with Jewish Traditions (London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1846) [trans. from Biblische legenden der muselmänner. Aus arabischen quellen zusammengetragen und mit judischen sagen verglichen (Frankfurt am Main: Rütten, 1845)] (a conflation of legends based on four manuscripts)
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