Richard Wrangham

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Richard Wrangham
Richard Wrangham in 2016
Born1948
NationalityBritish
Employer(s)Harvard University
University of Michigan

Richard Walter Wrangham (born 1948) is an English anthropologist and primatologist; he is Professor of Biological Anthropology at Harvard University. His research and writing have involved ape behavior, human evolution, violence, and cooking.

Biography

Wrangham was born in Leeds, Yorkshire.[1]

Following his years on the faculty of the

MacArthur fellow.[2]

He is co-director of the Kibale Chimpanzee Project, the long-term study of the Kanyawara chimpanzees in Kibale National Park, Uganda.[3] His research culminates in the study of human evolution in which he draws conclusions based on the behavioural ecology of apes. As a graduate student, Wrangham studied under Robert Hinde and Jane Goodall.[4]

Wrangham is known predominantly for his work in the ecology of primate social systems, the evolutionary history of human aggression (in his 1996 book with Dale Peterson,

Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence and his 2019 work The Goodness Paradox), and his research in cooking (summarized in his book, Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human) and self-domestication. He is a vegetarian.[5]

Wrangham has been instrumental in identifying behaviors considered "human-specific" in chimpanzees, including culture[6] and with Eloy Rodriguez, chimpanzee self-medication.[4][7]

Among the recent courses he teaches in the Human Evolutionary Biology (HEB) concentration at Harvard are HEB 1330 Primate Social Behaviour and HEB 1565 Theories of Sexual Coercion (co-taught with Professor Diane Rosenfeld from Harvard Law School). In March 2008, he was appointed House Master of Currier House at Harvard College.[8] He received an honorary degree in Doctor of Science from Oglethorpe University in 2011.[9]

Research

Wrangham began his career as a researcher at

Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund (originally the Digit Fund).[10]

Wrangham's focused recently on the role cooking has played in human evolution. In Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human, he argued that cooking food is obligatory for humans as a result of biological adaptations and that cooking, in particular the consumption of cooked tubers, might explain the increase in hominid brain sizes, smaller teeth and jaws, and decrease in sexual dimorphism that occurred roughly 1.8 million years ago.[11][12][13] Some anthropologists disagree with Wrangham's ideas, arguing that no solid evidence has been found to support Wrangham's claims, though Wrangham and colleagues, among others, have demonstrated in the laboratory the effects of cooking on energetic availability: cooking denatures proteins, gelatinizes starches, and helps kill pathogens.[14][15][11] The mainstream explanation is that human ancestors, prior to the advent of cooking, turned to eating meats, which then caused the evolutionary shift to smaller guts and larger brains.[16]

In his 2019 book, The Goodness Paradox: The Strange Relationship Between Virtue and Violence in Human Evolution, Wrangham argues that humans have "domesticated" themselves by a process of self-selection, as opposed to our selective breeding of dogs, livestock, or (more recently) foxes by Dmitry Belyayev and others. Wrangham distinguishes between "reactive aggression", when individuals lash out or react to a provocation, and "proactive aggression", which is planned, premeditated, and involves deliberate risk-avoidant tactical strikes, including war and capital punishment. He claims that humans are paradoxically extraordinarily low in "reactive" aggression but very high in and highly skilled at "proactive" aggression, and he argues that the threat of proactive aggression by males has played a crucial role in human psychology, patriarchy, so-called "morality" and history.

Personal life

Wrangham married Dr. Elizabeth Ross in 1980 and has three adult sons.[17] His work of studying the essential violence of chimpanzees, caused Wrangham to not eat meat for 40 years.[18]

Bibliography

Books

Papers

References

  1. , retrieved 18 September 2020
  2. ^ "Class of 1987". MacArthur Foundation.
  3. ^ "About". Kibale Chimpanzee Project. Archived from the original on 15 February 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
  4. ^ a b Gerber, Suzanne (November 1998). "Not just monkeying around". Vegetarian Times.
  5. ^ "Food For Thought: Meat-Based Diet Made Us Smarter". NPR.org. NPR. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
  6. S2CID 4385871
    .
  7. ^ "Animal instinct for finding treatment". The New Zealand Herald. The Independent. 6 August 2005. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
  8. ^ "Richard Wrangham and Elizabeth Ross Appointed Co-House Masters of Currier House". Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
  9. ^ "Honorary Degrees Awarded by Oglethorpe University". Oglethorpe University. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  10. .
  11. ^ a b Gorman, Rachael Moeller (16 December 2007). "Cooking Up Bigger Brain". Scientific American.
  12. PMID 14527628
    .
  13. .
  14. .
  15. .
  16. .
  17. , retrieved 27 September 2023
  18. . Retrieved 27 September 2023.

External links