Russian Post
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Pochta Bank (49.99%) | |
Website | www |
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Russian Post (Russian: Почта России, Pochta Rossii) is an
Russian Post owns 49.99% of the "Pochta Bank" (formerly Leto-Bank).
Postal services in Crimea are handled by a separate company, Post of Crimea.[7]
History
Early history
Records mention a system of messengers in the 10th century. Early letters were carried in the form of a roll, with a
By the 16th century, the postal system included 1,600 locations, and mail took three days to travel from
, which became Russia's first regular international service.Russian Empire
Post coaches appeared in 1820. In 1833, the St. Petersburg City Post was created, and the city was divided into 17 districts with 42 correspondence offices located in trade stores. In 1834, reception offices appeared in the suburbs (in St. Petersburg there were as many as 108). Delivery of printed periodicals was organized in St. Petersburg in 1838. The Department of Coaches and T-carts was opened in 1840 at the Moika Embankment; light cabriolets carried surplus-post, coaches delivered light post, and T-carts dealt with “heavy" post. Green street mail boxes were installed in 1848, the same year stamped envelopes were issued; orange mailboxes for same day service appeared near railway stations in 1851, with the first prepaid postage stamps appearing in 1857.
The
Local postal systems used stamps referred to as Zemstvo stamps, from the term for local government begun under Alexander II in 1864.[9]
Russian Post is a founding member of the Universal Postal Union created in 1874. In 1902 Chief Postal Service was made part of the Internal Affairs Ministry and in 1917 under the Provisional Government it became part of Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs.
Soviet Union
During
Russian Federation
In 1993 Russian Post became a part of
Loss of monopoly
In 1996, the Ministry of Communications for the first time decided to end the state postal monopoly on some postal services, resulting in Russia having commercial mailing companies.
2002 reform
Since the Soviet Union dissolved, the Federal Postal Service consisted of a network of 90 disparate entities which were mainly listed as state institutions or federal state unitary enterprises. In legal terms, they were completely independent concerns. They were linked to the Federal Postal Network only by a trunk intrazonal and inter-district transmission and delivery system. Different parts of the same system, connected by a single mechanism in adjacent regions, were in outright competition with each other, trying to lure corporate clients away from other competitors even if it involved an operating loss. There were no uniform budgeting, planning or other processes. These companies operated using outdated postal facilities representing as many as 50 different IT solutions in terms of industry technology. In accordance with the concept of restructuring the federal postal service, adopted by the government decree on 28 June 2002, the postal industry in the Russian Federation carried out the reorganization, aimed at creating a unified, efficient and competitive company — the Federal Unitary Enterprise Russian Post — able to make a significant contribution to the solution of urgent problems while accelerating development of the economy.
Post-reform period
In 2004 Elsag Datamat won the tender to build Russian Post's first automated sorting centre.[10] In 2008, Andrey Kazmin, former CEO of Sberbank was appointed to the CEO of the company.[11]
In January 2009 it was announced that Kazmin was to leave his position as CEO of the Russian Post due to a financial crisis from ambitious but poorly implemented reforms.[12] From 2009 until his ousting in the 2013 reforms the General Director was Aleksandr Kiselyov. The current CEO of Russian Post is Mikhail Volkov.[13]
Growing inefficiency in the 2010s
The early 2010s saw a rise in complaints. The number of parcels from foreign online retailers had been rising steadily for several years and was certain to rise further.[14] According to Russian Post's own estimates, orders from Internet retailers are delivered to Russia mostly in ordinary or registered parcels; in 2009 there were 2.3 million, by 2012 the number had soared to 17 million. On March 6, 2012, five trucks from Germany were in queue to be unloaded at Vnukovo International Airport. At the International Post Office, 12,300 parcels, 5,300 EMS packages, and 36,000 minor incoming parcels had piled up. Another 2,000 parcels were waiting for customs clearance at Sheremetyevo International Airport.[15]
In 2012 a group of people dissatisfied with the state of affairs established the website "anti-Russianpost.ru"; its goal was to allow users to highlight instances of disappointing or unsatisfactory service from Russian Post. In the middle of March the clients of on-line retailers launched a massive
2013 collapse and reform
In March 2013 Russian Post reported the unfavourable state of affairs. In a special message Russian Post's deputy general director, Nina Fetisova, told the
In order to improve the services,
The company's new management, in October 2013, declared an ambitious goal of doubling revenues to make the company ready for an initial public offering in 2018 by allowing it to provide banking services, reducing the number of unprofitable branches and focusing on providing deliveries from on-line retailers.[18]
In order to handle the growth of parcels, production capacity has been expanded at regional exchange centres, with the company opening new international mail processing centres in Moscow at the Kazan station and in Yekaterinburg and Novosibirsk. In addition, Russian Post agreed with foreign postal operators on pre-sorting international mail delivery by region while the mail is still in the sender's country (pre-sorting began in China, the largest source of Russian imports), which allows a reduction in the delivery time of international mail. For example, after opening an exchange centre in Yekaterinburg, a parcel from China to Sverdlovsk can be delivered in five days, including all customs clearance.[19]
In August 2013 Russian Post had launched its first regional flight in the far eastern Russian republic of Yakutia. The company held a ceremony at Yakutsk Airport to launch its second new airmail plane under a programme to expand links to remote areas, its first being a flight in the Khabarovsk Krai territory on Russia's east coast. Russian Post deputy director general Alexei Skatin said: "The mail must be delivered on time despite the difficult geography of the region. We are starting to improve the postal logistics in the remote regions of Russia".[20]
2014–2023 development program
In late October 2013
Business services
The Russian Post has created a network of drop-off points where it accepts large shipments of parcels with orders, including those issued on marketplaces. The company will also provide a fulfillment service to e-commerce companies based on its logistics centers.
Since 2022, the Russian Post in 75 cities has been providing sellers of marketplaces with a service for the delivery of goods to warehouses of trading platforms. In May 2022, the Russian Post and JSC "Russian Railways" launched the first mail container train "Russia" on the route Moscow — Vladivostok. The service is focused on the transportation of postal items, as well as commercial bulk cargo. In June 2022, the company launched delivery from 60 minutes from retail and online stores. It plans to provide retailers with its couriers and IT infrastructure, and the stores themselves will be engaged in sales.
Since September 1, 2022, Stoloto lottery tickets have ceased to be sold through the Russian Post (40 thousand branches). Despite a 36% reduction, the number of Stoloto distribution points was about 70 thousand.[26][27][28]
Structure
Russian Post includes:[29]
- central administrative apparatus, consisting of 22 units (Directorate departments, the Secretariat);
- 87 branches;
- 41,901 post offices.
Enterprise branches are divided into 82 territorial control federal postal service and 5 specialized, which include:[29]
- The main centre-haul mail - FSUE "Russian Post";[29]
- EMSRussian Post;
- Automated sorting centres - branch office of Russian Post;
- Hybrid mail centres - branch office of FSUE Russian Post;
- Russian Post - FSUE Russian Post in Berlin.
Branches are separate structural subdivisions, including post offices, a department for transportation of mail, and mainline and regional sorting centres.[29]
In 2021, the company's revenue amounted to 217 billion rubles.[30]
Operations
Russian Post offers all traditional mail services in its 42,000 offices. In addition it offers to cash payment cards, accept utilities payments, execute
Pochtomat
In late 2010, a new delivery method with automated machines called Pochtomat (Russian: почтомат), is a parcel locker service, whose name is made up of a combination of the words "почта", "post" in Russian, and automat, came into use. In 2011, a number of those postmats were deployed in Moscow and Saint Petersburg.[32] In April 2013 the first Pochtomat began working in Saransk[33] and in the summer of 2013 first Pochtomat in the South Urals began in Chelyabinsk. Automatic issue of shipments is made under a special code that the recipient receives via cell phone as an SMS. By June 2013, Russian Post operated 145 Pochtomats in 60 cities.[34]
Financial services
In August 2013 Russian Post began accepting loan payments on behalf of any Russian bank. Repayment of loan is made by postal transfer to a subsidiary of the Post, ООО "Rapid", then the money is sent by bank transfer to the appropriate bank. Postal employees themselves complete a payment form for the customer, then the postal order form is printed and signed by the customer. For the usage of postal services, operators charge a fee of 1.9 percent, with a minimum of 50 rubles.[35]
Postal kiosks
In 2011 the Russian Post launched postal kiosks based on the results of a pilot project. This began in 2011 with seven stalls of 6 square meters each. Besides sending and receiving regular and
Mobile post
Beginning in the 2010s Russian Post began using Mobile Post Van, also called "Post on Wheels" (Russian: Почта на колесах) which drive with driver and post seller into remote villages where the Post office was closed due to being ineffective (small rural communities), and provides all the post services that were once were in the post office.[37]
Regional sorting center
Russia's first automated regional sorting center opened in Podolsk, near Moscow in late 2009, using equipment of Italian company Elsag Datamat, SpA. In June 2011 another center was opened, in Saint Petersburg, which serves the Leningrad, Novgorod and Pskov Oblasts.[38]
UAV delivery
In 2021, Russian Post successfully tested UAV delivery and the commercial launch of Russian Post drones on 9 routes in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug region by the end of 2022.[39]
International exchange points
Russian Post operates 13 points of customs clearance of postal items. Until 2013, the Moscow MMPO processed up to 80% of all incoming international shipments to Russia which created much stress on the Russian Post. In order to speed up the time for delivery of international parcels, the Russian Post opened two new international postal exchange points in
Foreign cooperation
In 2009, a first formal cooperation agreement came between the Russia and Italy to work together to develop the postal system in Russia. On late November 2013 Russian Post and
Russian Post is currently suspended from PostEurop, due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[45]
See also
- Media of Russia
- Ministry of Communications and Mass Media
- Postage stamps and postal history of Russia
- Rostelecom
- Russian post offices in China
- Russian post offices in Crete
- Russian post offices in the Turkish Empire
- Soviet and post-Soviet postage rates
- Telecommunications in Russia
- Transport in Russia
References
- ^ a b "Почта России стала акционерным обществом — Russian Post Has Become a Private Limited Company", Russian Post Official Website, 1 October 2019
- ^ "Mikhail Volkov appointed head of the Russian Post". en.newizv.ru. 2023-01-11.
- ^ a b c Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See the documentation for details.
- ^ "Based on addresses registry of Russian Federation". kontragent.info.
- ^ ""ЮТэйр" в 2014 г. в течение суток будет доставлять до адресата грузы "Почты России", объем отправлений составит 370 тонн в месяц". comnews.ru. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
- ^ "ДОСЬЕ: ФГУП "Почта России" /передается в связи с отставкой главы предприятия". TASS Telecom. July 18, 2013. Archived from the original on December 30, 2013. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
- ^ "Nikolay Nikiforov Verified Work of the FSUE Post of Crimea". Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
- ISBN 9791036509681. Archivedfrom the original on May 30, 2019.
- ^ See, for example, "Everything you always wanted to know about Zemstvos". Archived from the original on 2008-01-20. Retrieved 2007-12-05..
- ^ "Russian Post and Poste Italiane to develop joint e-commerce platform". Post & Parcel. Archived from the original on 30 November 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
- ^ "Appointment". Press Center: News. Russian Post. 2007-12-19. Retrieved 2008-01-06.
- ^ "Андрей Казьмин переводится с "Почты России"". Kommersant. 2009-01-12. Retrieved 2009-01-13.
- ^ "Совет директоров "Почты России" выбрал нового руководителя". news.ru (in Russian). 2023-01-11.
- ^ "Почта России: во всем виновата таможня". tvrain.ru. 9 April 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
- ^ Itar Tass. Retrieved 10 April 2013.
- Itar Tass. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
- Itar Tass. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
- Moscow Times. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
- ^ ""Почте России" покой только снится. Объем зарубежных посылок в этом году удвоится". comnews.ru. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
- ^ "Postal Digest – Postal news from Canada, Israel, Russia, Brazil and Portugal". Post & Parcel. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
- ^ "Почтовая стратегия прошла чистилище". comnews.ru. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
- ^ "Правила недискриминационного доступа к инфраструктуре "Почты России" нуждаются в доработке". TASS Telecom. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ^ ""Почта России" в ближайшие полгода начнет внедрение системы автоматизации бизнес-процессов, затраты могут составить до $100 млн". TASS Telecom. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- Интерфакс. 2021-09-13.
- Интерфакс. 2021-10-04.
- ^ "Армен Меружанович Саркисян, Бизнесмен". utro.ru. 2021-11-25. Retrieved 2023-05-17.
- ^ "Роль бренда «Столото» российского бизнесмена Армена Саркисяна в трансформации лотерейной индустрии | Статьи". vesma.today. 2022-02-01. Retrieved 2023-05-17.
- ^ "Армен Саркисян биография - описание технологического прорыва". ko.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-05-17.
- ^ a b c d Подразделения аппарата управления
- ^ "АО "Почта России"". www.rusprofile.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-12-26.
- ^ "Почта России" начинает уведомлять москвичей о поступлении международных посылок через SMS". TASS Telecom. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ^ ""Почта" спрячет посылки в терминалы". comnews.ru. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
- ^ "В центре Саранска появился первый почтомат". TASS Telecom. Archived from the original on 15 September 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ^ "В Челябинске появился первый "почтомат", всего по России их 145". TASS Telecom. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ^ ""Почта России" запустила услугу погашения банковских кредитов". TASS Telecom. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ^ ""Почта России" нашла малую форму. ФГУП откроет ларьки в бизнес-центрах". comnews.ru. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
- ^ ""Почта России" представила первую партию специально созданных для Сибири мобильных отделений". TASS-Telecom. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
- ^ ""Почта России" довела Петербург до автоматизации". comnews.ru. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
- Интерфакс. 2021-12-30.
- ^ ""Почта России" разгрузит московский узел двумя новыми ММПО". comnews.ru. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
- ^ ""Почта России" открыла новые ММПО в Новосибирске и Екатеринбурге". comnews.ru. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
- ^ "Послать на 24 часа". comnews.ru. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
- ^ "комсвязи рассказало о достижениях в 2013 г." comnews.ru. 24 April 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
- ^ "Russian Post and Poste Italiane to develop joint e-commerce platform". Post & Parcel. Archived from the original on 30 November 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
- ^ Neumann, Cynthia (23 October 2023). "Highlights and key decisions from the 2023 PostEurop General Assembly in Bratislava". PostEurop. Brussels. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
External links
- Official website (in English and Russian)
- Russian post eyes future IPO after reorganization