Sahn-ı Seman Medrese

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The Sahn-ı Seman Medrese or Semâniyye (meaning 'eight courtyards') was a 15th-century

Fatih Sultan Mehmed
to his court in Istanbul.

History

The medreses are visible next to the garden of the Fatih mosque.
The medreses are visible next to the garden of the Fatih mosque (large building in the middle) as the square courtyard buildings covered by dozens of small domes.

The medrese complex, consisting of eight large and eight smaller (tetimme) medreses, was built by the order of

Byzantine capital city of Constantinople, which became the new Ottoman capital. The goal of the complex was to make the city a center of Islamic science
.

The buildings were part of the

Fatih Mosque. Each medrese has a square plan with 18 cells for students set around a colonnaded courtyard. Each room has a small dome and a fireplace with a chimney
. One large domed room was the dershane ('classroom').

Each of the large medreses had a smaller medrese next to it consisting of eight cells for students who received a more elementary education. When the students advanced, they were given a room in the Sahn-ı Seman medrese. Each room was occupied by one or two students. At the eastern side of the complex is a hospital (dârüşşifâ) and a lunatic asylum (tabhâne) with a similar design to the medrese.

The Sahn-i Seman complex had 216 rooms for students, 152 in the large medreses and 64 in the smaller ones.

The medrese complex was a kind of university of its time, with hundreds of Muslim students studying various sciences such as

kadıs
('judges'). The students were taught by eight teachers (müderris) who received a daily salary of 50
akche until the reign of Bayezid II (forty akche were considered to be roughly equal to a golden ducat at that time). During their studies, which took several years, the students received free accommodation and meals at the imaret
(public charity kitchen) of the Fatih complex.

There were eight stages of education. Students from the first seven ranks were called suhte or softa, while those of the highest rank were called danışman ('learned man').

The medrese complex continued in use until 1924 when the new secular government of Turkey passed the Tevhid-i Tedrisat law in an effort to reduce Islamic education. This compelled the closure of all the medreses in Turkey. Today the medrese buildlngs are in a dilapidated state; four of the smaller ones were completely demolished after World War II to make way for a new road.

References