San Basilio de Palenque
San Basilio de Palenque | |
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Country | Colombia |
Department | Bolívar |
Municipality | Mahates |
Cultural space of Palenque de San Basilio | |
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Country | Colombia |
Reference | 00102 |
Region | South America |
Inscription history | |
Inscription | 2008 (3rd session) |
List | Representative |
San Basilio de Palenque or Palenque de San Basilio, often referred to by the locals simply as Palenke, is a
History
Spaniards introduced
They tried to free all enslaved Africans arriving at Cartagena and were quite successful. Therefore, the Spanish Crown issued a Royal Decree (1691), guaranteeing freedom to the Palenque de San Basilio Africans if they stopped welcoming new escapees. But runaways continued to escape to freedom in San Basilio. In 1696, the colonial authorities subdued another rebellion there, and between 1713–7. Eventually, the Spanish agreed to peace terms with the palenque of San Basilio, and in 1772, this community of maroons was included within the Mahates district, as long they no longer accepted any further runaways.[3]
The Village
The village of Palenque de San Basilio has a population of about 3,500 inhabitants and is located in the foothills of the Montes de María, southeast of the regional capital, Cartagena.
The village of San Basilio is inhabited mainly by
In the village of Palenque de San Basilio most of its inhabitants are
One of the first anthropological studies of the inhabitants of Palenque de San Basilio was published by anthropologist Nina de Friedemann and photographer Richard Cross in 1979 entitled Ma Ngombe: guerreros y ganaderos en Palenque.[6]
Palenquero language
The New York Times reported on October 18, 2007 that the language spoken in Palenque is thought to be the only Spanish-based creole language spoken in South America. Being a creole language, its grammar differs substantially from Spanish making the language unintelligible to Spanish speakers.
A linguist born in Palenquero is compiling a lexicon for the language and others are assembling a dictionary of Palenquero.[7] The defenders of Palenquero continue working to keep the language alive.[7]
Notable residents
See also
- Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
- UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
- Quilombo
- Maroons
References
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-18. Retrieved 2011-06-03.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Aquiles Escalante, Palenques in Colombia, in "Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas", ed. by Richard Price (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), pp. 77–9.
- ^ Aquiles Escalante, Palenques in Colombia, in "Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas", ed. by Richard Price (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), pp. 79–80.
- ^ a b c d UNESCO. "Proclamation 2005: "The Cultural Space of Palenque de San Basilio."
- ^ "La esclavitud negra en la América española" (in Spanish). gabrielbernat.es. 2003.
- ^ Friedemann, Nina; Cross, Richard. 1979. Bogota: C. Valencia.
- ^ a b c d e Simon Romero, "A Language, Not Quite Spanish, With African Echoes", The New York Times, October 18, 2007.
External links
- UNESCO: The Cultural Space of Palenque de San Basilio
- (in Spanish) Colombian Ministry of Culture: San Basilio de Palenque, immaterial patrimony of Colombia
- CNN video
- NYTIMES:A Language, Not Quite Spanish, With African Echoes
10°06′12.3″N 75°11′56.8″W / 10.103417°N 75.199111°W