Sichuanese people
This article possibly contains original research. (December 2021) |
Regions with significant populations | |
---|---|
Mainland China | Sichuan Chongqing |
Taiwan | As part of Mainlander population |
Languages | |
Historically Ba–Shu Chinese, also known as Old Sichuanese. Presently Sichuanese dialects of Southwestern Mandarin. | |
Religion | |
Traditionally Mahayana Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and Chinese folk religion, but also Christianity (see Christianity in Sichuan) and Islam (see Islam in Sichuan) | |
Related ethnic groups | |
other Han Chinese, Yi people, Tujia people, Qiang people |
The Sichuanese people municipality.
History
Beginning from the 9th century BC,
South Sichuan was also inhabited by the
During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, the population of Sichuan, Chongqing had been reduced due to immigration, deportation and flight of refugees fleeing war and plague, new or returning settlers from modern Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong and Jiangxi, replacing the earlier spoken language with different languages they adopted from the former regions to form a new standard language off communication.[3][4][5]
The cult for supernatural forces and entities is a long-established tradition among the Sichuanese people, tracing its roots back to the ancient Ba–Shu era. Taoism played a major role since the late antiquity with the emergence of the Way of the Celestial Master movement.[6] The cultural characteristics of the Sichuanese people were described in the 2014 book All about Sichuan as "a 'heretical biography' that deviated from Confucian orthodoxy, a free-spirited cultural group that opposed, despised and subverted Confucian ethics and imperial autocracy."[7]
Recent history
Many migrant workers from rural Sichuan have migrated to other parts of the country, where they often face discrimination in employment, housing etc.[8] This is due to China's household registration policy and other parts of people from midwest China face the same problem.
Language
The Sichuanese once spoke their own variety of spoken Chinese called Ba–Shu Chinese, or Old Sichuanese before it became extinct during the Ming dynasty. Now most of them speak Sichuanese Mandarin. The Minjiang dialects are thought by some linguists to be a bona fide descendant of Old Sichuanese due to many characteristics of Ba–Shu Chinese phonology and vocabulary being found in the dialects,[9] but there is no conclusive evidence whether Minjiang dialects are derived from Old Sichuanese or Southwestern Mandarin.
Cuisine
Sichuan is well known for its spicy cuisine and use of Sichuan peppers due to its more arid climate.
Notable people
Well known Sichuanese people are such as:
- Ba Jin (1904–2005), author and political activist
- Bai Ling (1966–), actress
- Chang Dai-chien (1899–1983), artist
- Zhang Qun (1889–1990), premier of the Republic of China
- Fala Chen (1982–), actress
- Chen Pokong (1963–), author, political commentator and democracy activist
- Chen Shou (233–297), official and writer
- Cheung Chung-kiu (1964–), business magnate
- Deng Xiaoping (1904–1997), revolutionary and paramount leader of China
- GAI (1988–), rapper, singer, and songwriter
- Guo Moruo (1892–1978), author, poet, historian, archaeologist, and government official
- Huang Jiguang (1931–1952), highly decorated soldier during the Korean War
- Jiang Zhuyun (1920–1949), revolutionary martyr
- Li Bai (701–762), poet
- Li Bifeng (1965–), activist, poet and Christian
- Li Shou-min, better known as Huanzhulouzhu (1902–1961), novelist of the xianxia fantasy genre
- Li Shunxian (c. 900–926), Persian-Sichuanese poet
- Liu Yonghao (1952–), businessman
- Li Yifeng (1987–), actor and singer
- Li Yuchun (1984–), singer, songwriter, and actress
- Liao Yiwu (1958–), author, reporter, musician, poet, and critic of China's Communist regime
- Luo Ruiqing (1906–1978), army officer and politician
- Empress Dowager Ma (Southern Ming) (1578–1669), birth mother of the Yongli Emperor, a convert to Roman Catholicism
- Sanyu (painter) (1901–1966)
- Song Cheng-tsi (1892–1955), Anglican bishop
- Song Yonghua(1964–), scholar
- Su Shi (1037–1101), writer, poet, painter, calligrapher, pharmacologist, gastronome, and statesman
- Su Xun (1009–1066), writer
- Su Zhe (1039–1112), politician and essayist
- Tan Weiwei (1982–), singer and actress
- Tang Chun-i (1909–1978), philosopher and scholar
- Wang Jiujiang (1957–), painter
- Wang Jianlin (1954–), business magnate, investor, and philanthropist
- Wang Xiaoya (1968–), television host and media personality
- Calvinistpastor and human rights advocate
- Xu Youyu (1947–), scholar
- Stephen Yang (1911–2007), surgeon, medical educator, and Quaker peace activist
- Yang Xiong (53 BC – 18 AD), poet, philosopher, and politician
- Y. C. James Yen (1890/1893–1990), educator
- Lucy Yi Zhenmei (1815–1862), Roman Catholic saint
- Yu Jie (1973–), Calvinist democracy activist
- Yue Yiqin (1914–1937), flying ace
- Zhang Lan (1872–1955), political activist
- Zhang Yong (1969/1970–), Singapore's richest man in 2019
- Zhao Yiman (1905–1936), resistance fighter
- Zheng Ji (1900–2010), nutritionist and pioneering biochemist
- Zhu De (1886–1976), ex-warlord, later revolutionary and father of the People's Liberation Army
- Zhuo Wenjun (fl. 2nd century BC), poet
- Zou Rong (1885–1905), revolutionary martyr
See also
- Erlang Shen
- Jinsha site
- Sanxingdui
- Sichuan opera
- Clothing in ancient Shu
- Catholic Church in Sichuan
- Protestantism in Sichuan
Notes
- ^ Chinese: 四川人; pinyin: Sìchuān rén or 川渝人; Chuānyú rén, sometimes shortened to 川人; Sichuanese Pinyin: Si4cuan1ren2; former romanization: Szechwanese people
References
- ISBN 9789865650346.
- ^ Agafonov, Arthur; Rasskazova, Elena (2 June 2019). "Homeland of Pepper and Panda: Yin and Yang of the Chinese Hinterland". eastrussia.ru. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
- JSTOR 2941233.
- ISBN 978-0-295-98952-5.
- ^ Entenmann, Robert Eric (1982). Migration and settlement in Sichuan, 1644-1796. Harvard University.
- ISBN 7-208-02269-0.
- ISBN 9787503248948.
- ^ Handbook of Chinese Migration: Identity and Wellbeing
- ^ 试论宋代巴蜀方言与现代四川方言的关系》">刘晓南(2009年第8卷第6期),《试论宋代巴蜀方言与现代四川方言的关系——兼谈文献考证的一个重要功用:追寻失落的方言》,语言科学