Ba Jin
Ba Jin | ||
|---|---|---|
The Family, Spring, and Autumn Love Trilogy: Fog, Rain, and Lightning | ||
| Notable awards | 1983: Legion of Honour 1990: Fukuoka Prize (special prize) | |
| Spouse |
Xiao Shan
(m. 1936; died 1972)Hanyu Pinyin Lǐ Yáotáng | |
| Wade–Giles | Li3 Yao2-t'ang2 | |
| IPA | [lì jǎʊ tʰǎŋ] | |
Li Yaotang (
The Family
.
Name
He was born as Li Yaotang,[1] with alternate name Li Feigan or Li Pei Kan (in Wade–Giles).[2][4] The first word of his pen name may have been taken from Ba Enbo, his classmate who committed suicide in Paris, which was admitted by himself,[5][6] or from the first syllable of the surname of the Russian anarchist Mikhail Bakunin;[7][1] and the last character of which is the Chinese equivalent of the last syllable of Russian anarchist Peter Kropotkin (克鲁泡特金, Ke-lu-pao-te-jin).[8][9][10]
Biography
On November 25, 1904, Li Yaotang was born in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, into a wealthy Li family. The family's wealth came mainly from the land acquired by his grandfather and father when they were officials, and Li Yaotang sometimes described his family as a "typical landlord's family".[11][12] In 1919, Ba read Kropotkin's An Appeal to the Young and converted to anarchism.[13]
It was partly owing to boredom that Ba Jin began to write his first novel, Miewang 灭亡 (“Destruction”).[14] In France, Ba Jin continued his anarchist activism, translating many anarchist works, including Kropotkin's Ethics, into Chinese, which was mailed back to Shanghai's anarchist magazines for publication.[15]
During the Cultural Revolution, Ba Jin was heavily persecuted as a counter-revolutionary.[1] His wife since 1944, Xiao Shan, died of cancer in 1972.[1] He asked that a Cultural Revolution Museum be set up in 1981.[16] The Shantou Cultural Revolution Museum referenced the influence of Ba Jin on its establishment through displaying a depiction of his at the entrance[17] as well as a quote of his, "Every town in China should establish a museum about the Cultural Revolution."[18]
Ba Jin's works were heavily influenced by foreign writers, including Émile Zola, Ivan Turgenev, Alexander Herzen, Anton Chekhov, and Emma Goldman.[19]
Ba Jin suffered from Parkinson's disease beginning in 1983. The illness confined him to Huadong Hospital in Shanghai from 1998.[2]
Bibliography
English translations
- (1954) Living Amongst Heroes. Beijing: Foreign Language Press.
- (1958) The Family. (trans. Sidney Shapiro) Beijing: Foreign Language Press.
- (1959) A battle for life: a full record of how the life of steel worker, Chiu Tsai-kang, was saved in the Shanghai Kwangrze Hospital. Beijing: Foreign Language Press.
- (1978) Cold Nights (trans. Nathan K. Mao and Liu Ts'un-yan) Hong Kong: Chinese University press.
- (1984) Random Thoughts (trans. Germie Barm&ecute). Hong Kong: Joint Publishing Company. (Partial translation of Suizianglu)
- (1988) Selected works of Ba Jin (trans. Sidney Shapiro and Jock Hoe) Beijing: Foreign Language Press. (Includes The Family, Autumn in Spring, Garden of Repose, Bitter Cold Nights)
- (1999) Ward Four: A Novel of Wartime China (trans. Haili Kong and China Books and Periodicals, Inc.
- (2005) "How to Build a Society of Genuine Freedom and Equality"(1921), "Patriotism and the Road to Happiness for the Chinese"(1921) and "Anarchism and the Question of Practice"(1927) in Robert Graham. Montreal: Black Rose Books.
- (2012) Ward Four: A Novel of Wartime China (trans. Howard Goldblatt). San Francisco: ISBN 9780835100007.
Ba Jin stories in collections
- Arzybasheff, M. (1927). "Morning Shadows?" in Tales of the Revolution. Tr. Percy Pinkerton. New York Huebsch.
- (1927). "Workingman Shevyrev." in Tales of the Revolution, tr. Percy Pinkerton. New York: Huebsch.
Works
- Short story collections
- Vengeance 《复仇》, 1931
- Dog 《狗》, 1931
- Brightness 《光明》, 1932
- The Electric Chair 《电椅》, 1933
- Wiping Cloth 《抹布》, 1933
- The General 《将军》, 1934
- Gods, Ghosts and Men 《神·鬼·人》, 1935
- Sinking 《沉落》, 1936
- The Story of Hair 《发的故事》, 1936
- Thunder 《雷》, 1937
- Resurrection Grass 《还魂草》, 1942
- Little People, Little Events 《小人小事》, 1943
- Heroic Tales 《英雄的故事》, 1953
- Pigs and Chickens 《猪与鸡》, 1959
- Li Da-hai 《李大海》, 1961
- Stories Outside the City, 1992
- Children's literature
- The Immortality Pagoda 《长生塔》, 1937
- The Pearl and the Jade Concubine 《明珠和玉姬》, 1957
- Novels and novellas
- Destruction 《灭亡》, 1929
- The Dead Sun 《死去的太阳》, 1931
- The "Love" Trilogy 《爱情的三部曲》 (1931-5)
- Fog 《雾》, 1931
- Rain 《雨》, 1933
- Lightning 《电》, 1935
- New Life 《新生》, 1933
- Miners 《砂丁》, 1933
- Germination 《萌芽》, 1933
- A Dream of the Sea 《海的梦》, 1932
- Autumn in Spring 《春天里的秋天》, 1932
- The "Torrents" Trilogy 《激流三部曲》
- The Family《家》, 1933
- Spring 《春》, 1938
- Autumn 《秋》, 1940
- Lina 《利娜》, 1940
- Fires 《火》(in three volumes), 1940–1945
- Stars 《星》(English-Chinese bilingual), 1941
- A Garden of Repose 《憩园》, novella, 1944
- Ward No 4 《第四病室》, 1946
- Cold Nights 《寒夜》, 1947
- Autobiography and memoirs
- Ba Jin: An Autobiography 《巴金自传》, 1934
- I Remember 《忆》, 1936
- Thinking Back on Childhood 《童年的回忆》, 1984
- Non-fiction
- (coauthor) Anarchism and its Practical Problems 《无政府主义与实际问题》, 1927
- From Capitalism to Anarchism 《从资本主义到安那其主义》, 1930
- A Walk by the Sea 《海行》, 1932
- Travel Notes 《旅途随笔》, 1934
- Droplets of Life 《点滴》, 1935
- Confessions of Living 《生之忏悔》, 1936
- Brief Notes 《短简》, 1937
- I Accuse 《控诉》, 1937
- Dreaming and Drunkenness 《梦与醉》, 1938
- Thoughts and Feelings 《感想》, 1939
- Black Earth 《黑土》, 1939
- Untitled 《无题》, 1941
- Dragons, Tigers and Dogs 《龙·虎·狗》, 1941
- Outside the Derelict Garden 《废园外》, 1942
- Travel Notes 《旅途杂记》, 1946
- Remembering 《怀念》, 1947
- Tragedy of a Still Night 《静夜的悲剧》, 1948
- The Nazi Massacre Factory: Auschwitz 《纳粹杀人工厂—奥斯威辛》, 1951
- Warsaw Festivals: Notes in Poland 《华沙城的节日—波兰杂记》, 1951
- The Consoling Letter and Others 《慰问信及其他》, 1951
- Living Amongst Heroes 《生活书局在英雄们中间》, 1953
- They Who Defend Peace 《保卫和平的人们》, 1954
- On Chekhov 《谈契河夫》, 1955
- Days of Great Joy 《大欢乐的日子》, 1957
- Strong Warriors 《坚强的战士》, 1957
- A Battle for Life 《—场挽救生命的战斗》, 1958
- New Voices: A Collection 《新声集》, 1959
- Friendship: A Collection 《友谊集》, 1959
- Eulogies: A Collection 《赞歌集》, 1960
- Feelings I Can't Express 《倾吐不尽的感情》, 1963
- Lovely by the Bridge 《贤良桥畔》, 1964
- Travels to Dazhai 《大寨行》, 1965
- Ba Jin: New Writings, 1978–1980
- Smorching Smoke 《烟火集》, 1979
- Random Thoughts 《随想录》, 1978–86
- Thinking Back on Writing 《创作回忆录》 1981
- Exploration and Memories 《探索与回忆》, 1982
- Afterwords: A Collection 《序跋集》, 1982
- Remembrance: A Collection 《忆念集》, 1982
- Ba Jin: On Writing 《巴金论创作》, 1983
- Literature: Recollections (with Lao She) 《文学回忆录》 1983
- To Earth to Dust 《愿化泥土》, 1984
- I Accuse: A Collection 《控诉集》, 1985
- In My Heart 《心里话》, 1986
- Ten Years, One Dream 《十年一梦》, 1986
- More Thoughts 《再思录》, 1995
- Letters
- To Our Young Friends Looking for Aspirations 《寻找理想的少年朋友》, 1987
- The Collection of the Snow and Mud – All the Remaining Letters Written by Ba Jin to Yang Yi 《雪泥集》, 1987
- Collected Letters of Ba Jin 《巴金书信集》, 1991
- Others
- A Battle For Life
- Partial excerpt of English translation of Ba Jin's dedication to Emma Goldman
- How Are We To Establish A Truly Free And Egalitarian Society?, 1921
- Nationalism and the Road to Happiness for the Chinese, 1921
- Letter from Ba Jin to the CRIA (International Anarchist Liaison Commission, Paris), 18 March 1949
- A Museum of the "Cultural Revolution", 1986
See also
- 8315 Bajin
- Li Xiao
- Former Residence of Ba Jin
- List of Chinese authors
- Chinese literature
References
- ^ a b c d e f "Obituary: Ba Jin, Chinese novelist and anarchist". The New York Times. 17 October 2005. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
- ^ a b c Gittings, John (18 October 2005). "Ba Jin (Obituary)". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 30 July 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
- ISBN 978-1-59569-090-6
- ISBN 9781904859161.
- ^ Gandini, Jean-Jacques (1995). "Ba Jin revisité [Destruction et A la mémoire de Ba Jin traduits et présentés par Angel Pino et Isabelle Rabut]". Perspectives Chinoises (in French). 31 (1): 69–71. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
que Ba était un hommage à un camarade de classe, Ba Enbo, rencontré lors de son séjour en France en 1927 et dont il apprit......
- ^ "Pa Kin, grande figure de la littérature chinoise du XXe siècle". Le Monde (in French). 2005-10-18. Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
le "Pa" n'a rien à voir avec Bakounine (prononcé en chinois Pa-ku-ning), mais s'inspire d'un certain Pa Enbo, un ami chinois de Château-Thierry qui s'était suicidé en se jetant dans une rivière.
- from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
......from the name for Peter Kropotkin (Ke-lu-pao-te-jin).
- Encyclopedia Britannica. Archivedfrom the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ^ "Obituary: Ba Jin". the Guardian. 2005-10-18. Archived from the original on 2016-07-30. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
- ISBN 9780674650503.
- . Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- JSTOR 495337. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
- ^ Jaroslav Průšek and Zbigniew Słupski, eds., Dictionary of Oriental Literatures: East Asia (Charles Tuttle, 1978): 135-136.
- ^ See Angel Pino, “Ba Jin as Translator,” tr. Ian MacCabe, in Peng Hsiao-yen & Isabelle Rabut (eds.), Modern China and the West: Translation and Cultural Mediation. Leiden-Boston: Brill, “East Asian Comparative Literature and Culture” (2), 2014, 28-105.
- ^ Sippel, Nana (18 May 2017). ""Mystifizierung der Kulturrevolution" (Interview with Nora Sausmikat)" (in German). de:Gerda Henkel Stiftung. Archived from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ISBN 978-147-801-018-0.
- ^ Coonan, Clifford (27 June 2005). "Shining a light on Mao's dark era". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
- ^ He described Goldman as his "spiritual mother", and dedicated The General to her. See Preface, The General, and Olga Lang, Pa Chin and His Writings: Chinese Youth Between the Wars (Harvard University Press, 1967).
Further reading
- Ayers, W. (1950). "Shanghai Labor and the May Thirtieth Movement," Papers on China, 5:1-38. Harvard University, East Asian Research Center.
- Bao-Puo. (1925). "The Anarchist Movement in China: From a Letter of a Chinese Comrade." Tr. from the Russian, in Freedom. 39.423:4.
- (1953). "The Society for Literary Studies, 1921-1930." Papers on China. 7:34-79. Harvard University, East Asian Research Center.
- Chen, Chang; Liu, Tianyi; Chen, Sihe, eds. (19 September 2023). Routledge Companion to Ba Jin. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-003-43253-1.
- Chen Tan-chen. (1963). "Pa Chin the Novelist: An Interview." Chinese Literature. 6:84-92.
- Ch'en Chia-ai character. "Chung-kuo li-shih shang chih an-na-ch'i-chu -i che character (Anarchists in Chinese history); in K'o-lu-p'ao-t'e-chin hsueh-shuo kai-yao. pp. 379-410.
- Hsin ch'ing-nien (1908). "Chinese Anarchist in Tokyo," Freedom, 22.23:52.
- Mao, Nathan K. Pa Chin. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1978.
- Martin, H. and J. Kinkley, eds. (1992) Modern Chinese writers: self-portrayals. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
- Pino, Angel, “Ba Jin and the ‘Arshinov Platform’”. libcom.org
- Pino, Angel, “Ba Jin as Translator,” tr. Ian MacCabe, in Peng Hsiao-yen & Isabelle Rabut (eds.), Modern China and the West: Translation and Cultural Mediation. Leiden-Boston: Brill, “East Asian Comparative Literature and Culture” (2), 2014, 28-105.
- Pino, Angel; Jean Jacques Gandini (Introductionà; Paul Sharkey (Traduction) (10 March 2013). Ba Jin On Anarchism and Terrorism. ChristieBooks.
- Razak, Dzulkifli Abdul (Oct. 30, 2005). "Leaving behind their legacies". New Straits Times, p. F9.
- Renditions Autumn 1992. No. 38. "Special issue on Twentieth Century Memoirs. Reminiscences by well-known literary figures, including Zhu Ziqing, Ba Jin, Lao She and Wang Xiyan."
Films
- Return from Silence: Five prominent and controversial Chinese writers speak on their roles in the modernization of China. (1 hour video cassette available) — The life and work of five esteemed Chinese writers whose modern classics shaped China's past: Ba Jin, Mao Dun, Ding Ling, Cao Yu, and Ai Qing. Produced by Chung-wen Shih, George Washington University, 1982.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ba Jin.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Ba Jin.
- "Literary witness to century of turmoil" China Daily (2003-11-24)
- "Chinese literary icon Ba Jin dies" (BBC)
- A giant of Chinese literature "A giant of Chinese literature" ~ The Sydney Morning Herald' (21 October 2005)]
- Ba Jin at Anarchist Archives
- "When the Snow Melted" Translated by Tang Sheng at Words Without Borders
- Pa Chin: A Literary and Revolutionary Chinese Anarchist ~ YemenTimes Newspaper Archived 2011-06-08 at the Wayback Machine
- Ba Jin: Life and Works
- Ba Jin. A Portrait by Kong Kai Ming at Hong Kong Baptist University Library
