Siege of Rees (1599)
Siege of Rees (1599) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Part of the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) | |||||||
Photograph of the old walls of Rees in 2011. | |||||||
| |||||||
Belligerents | |||||||
Brunswick-Lüneburg Lower Saxon Circle | Spain | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Count of Lippe Count of Solms Philip of Hohenlohe Supported by: Maurice of Nassau |
Ramiro de Guzmán Hendrik van den Bergh Supported by: Francisco de Mendoza | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
Count of Lippe: 2,000 - 2,500[2] Hohenlohe & Solms: Unknown | 1,500–3,000[2] |
The siege of Rees of 1599, also known as the relief of Rees (Socorro de Rees in
Background
In 1598, under the mediation of the papal legate
In the spring of 1599, the Spanish army renewed the advance, and on May 15 the Spaniards
Siege of Rees
In early September 1599, the Protestant-Dutch forces, supported by a
The offensive of the coalition forces of the Count of Lippe,
Aftermath
A few days after, the Spanish forces re-established control over the
In 1600, with the Army of Flanders now temporarily in disarray, Johan van Oldenbarnevelt spied a strategic opportunity to deal with the Archduke Albert.[9] Prince Maurice advanced in direction of the port of Dunkirk that had grown into a hotbed of privateers (the "Dunkirkers") that did much damage to Dutch and English shipping, and with the support of a large amphibious operation from Flushing, started his advance to the coast.[9] The Spaniards, with the Army of Flanders ready, strengthened their positions along the coast, leading to the Battle of Nieuwpoort.[14][15] Although the Dutch army led by Maurice of Nassau had driven a Spanish army from the field, a rare feat in the 16th century, the casualties on both sides were practically equal, and the battle achieved nothing.[9][16] The Dutch lines of communication had already been stretched to the limit, and Maurice was forced to withdraw as well.[9][17] Moreover, the great port of Dunkirk, which had been the principal objective of Maurice's campaign, lay out of reach and in Spanish hands.[9][15]
The siege of Rees of 1599 was the last action of the campaign of Don Francisco de Mendoza, Admiral of Aragon, of 1598–99, also called the Spanish Winter of 1598–99 (Invierno Español de 1598-99 in Spanish).[18]
See also
- Siege of Oldenzaal (1597)
- Battle of Nieuwpoort
- Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch (1601)
- Siege of Ostend
- Lower Saxon Circle
- List of governors of the Spanish Netherlands
Notes
- ^ a b c Robert Watson / William Thomson pp.41–42
- ^ a b c d e f g h De Soto & Clonard p.291
- ^ a b c d e Luc Duerloo p.107
- ^ W. Crecelius pp.175–185
- ^ a b Van Nimwegen p.163
- ^ a b Juan Valera. Homenaje a Menéndez Pelayo. Estudios de Erudición Española. p.520
- ^ Luc Duerloo p.105
- ^ a b Juan Valera p.521
- ^ a b c d e f g h Marjolein 't Hart p.23
- ^ a b Van Nimwegen p.166
- ^ a b Robert Watson / William Thomson p.41
- ^ De Soto & Clonard p.364
- ^ a b Juan Valera p.525
- ^ a b De Soto / Clonard p.291
- ^ a b De Soto / Clonard p.292
- ^ Luc Duerloo pp. 121–122
- ^ Luc Duerloo p.122
- ^ Nachrichten über den Einfall der Spanier in den niederrheinisch westfälischen Kreis 1598 und 1599.
References
- Israel, Jonathan. Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713. London, 1997. ISBN 1-85285-161-9
- Van Nimwegen, Olaf. The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions 1588–1688. First published 2010. The Boydell Press, Woodbridge. ISBN 978-1-84383-575-2
- Robert Watson / William Thomson. History of the Reign of Philip the Third, King of Spain. A new edition Vol I.
- Tracy, James. The Founding of the Dutch Republic: War, Finance, and Politics in Holland 1572–1588. Oxford University Press. First published 2008.
- Serafín María De Soto / Abbach Clonard. orgánica de las armas de infantería y caballería españolas. Tomo VIII. Biblioteca U.C.M. (in Spanish)
- John Lothrop Motley. History of the Netherlands, 1595. Chapter XXXI. HardPress Publishing. ISBN 1-4076-2886-0
- Luc Duerloo. Dynasty and Piety: Archduke Albert (1598-1621) and Habsburg Political Culture in an Age of Religious Wars. MPG Books Group. UK. ISBN 2-503-50724-7
- Juan Valera. Homenaje a Menéndez Pelayo. Estudios de Erudición Española. Madrid, 1899. (in Spanish)
- Giménez Martín, Juan. Tercios de Flandes. Ediciones Falcata Ibérica. First edition 1999, Madrid. ISBN 84-930446-0-1(in Spanish)
- W. Crecelius. Nachrichten über den Einfall der Spanier in den niederrheinisch-westfälischen Kreis 1598 und 1599. Bonn, 1887. (Link). (in German)
- Marjolein 't Hart. The Dutch Wars of Independence: Warfare and Commerce in the Netherlands 1570-1680. First published 2014. Abingdon. ISBN 978-0-415-73422-6
External links