Sir Richard Bickerton, 2nd Baronet

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Sir

Richard Bickerton
Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath

Rodney's squadron in the West Indies where he took part in the capture of Sint Eustatius in 1781. Making post captain on 8 February 1781, he took temporary command of HMS Invincible and fought in her at the Battle of Fort Royal
on 29 April 1781.

When Britain entered the

French Revolutionary War in 1793, Bickerton joined the Channel Fleet before, in October 1794, being ordered to transport General Sir John Vaughan to the West Indies, to take command of British land forces there. After another spell in home waters, Bickerton was sent to the Mediterranean where he spent much of the war on blockade duty and, after their surrender, oversaw the evacuation of French forces from Alexandria. He remained in the Mediterranean during the short-lived peace and when hostilities renewed was second in command to Lord Nelson
there.

Forced ashore by illness in 1805, Bickerton first served as a Lord of the Admiralty and

First Naval Lord before finishing his naval career as Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth
, having attained the rank of full admiral in 1812.

Personal life

Richard Bickerton was born in Southampton on 11 October 1759, the only surviving son of Vice-admiral Sir Richard Bickerton and Mary Anne Hussey.[1][2]

On 25 September 1788, he married Anne, daughter of Dr James Athill of Antigua. Bickerton succeeded as 2nd Baronet in 1792 when his father died.[1] He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1810.[3] On 2 January 1815, Bickerton was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath then later, in May 1823, he inherited the estate of Wood Walton and on doing so began using his mother's maiden name before his own surname.[4]

Naval career

Bickerton joined the

Hyde Parker.[1]

Master and Commander

Bickerton was promoted to lieutenant on 16 December 1777 and served under Charles Middleton first on board the 90-gun HMS Prince George, then the seventy-four, Royal Oak in March 1778.[6] In May, Bickerton joined HMS Jupiter in the Bay of Biscay, and when Charles Middleton was appointed comptroller of the navy, he recommended that Bickerton be appointed first lieutenant under the command of Francis Reynolds.[5]

On 20 October Jupiter attacked the much larger French ship-of-the-line Triton, forcing her to retire; as a reward for his conduct, Bickerton, on Middleton's recommendation, was in March 1779, promoted

Rodney's squadron and subsequently take part in the capture of Sint Eustatius in 1781.[3][5]

Post Captain

Rodney promoted Bickerton to the rank of

post captain on 8 February 1781 and gave him temporary command of HMS Invincible. It was in her that Bickerton took part in the Battle of Fort Royal, an action fought on 29 April 1781, off the coast of Martinique. Bickerton acquired his own ship, HMS Russell, in May, before briefly transferring to Terrible but, finding her unfit, moved to the frigate, HMS Amazon, in July.[5][7][Note 1] After service in the Leeward Islands and North American waters, Bickerton returned to England in Amazon, arriving in Portsmouth in February 1782.[3] In September, Bickerton was given the newly repaired HMS Brune; she was decommissioned in May the following year and Bickerton was without a ship until January 1787, when he commissioned HMS Sibyl and in her sailed for the Leeward Islands once more.[5][8]

French Revolutionary War

When France declared

Port Admiral at Portsmouth.[3][5][Note 2]

Service in the Mediterranean

Jacques-François Menou whose respect was earned by Bickerton during the evacuation of Alexandria

Bickerton hoisted his flag in Seahorse on 13 May 1800 and was ordered to transport generals Abercromby, Moore and Hutchinson to the Mediterranean; after which he spent the rest of the war under Lord Keith, on blockade duty.[5] On 10 June, Bickerton transferred his flag to the 74-gun Swiftsure and began a five-month command of a squadron off Cádiz. During 1801, he worked on HMS Kent, maintaining a blockade on the port of Alexandria until its capitulation on 27 August.[3][5] He provided support during this time for Lieutenant-General Hutchinson.[2]

Left to oversee the French withdrawal, Bickerton conducted this duty with such efficiency that he earned the respect of the French general, Jacques-François Menou, who also acknowledged that, " ...the vigilance of Sir Richard's squadron had accelerated the reduction of that place, as it cut them off from all supply". For his part in the British victory, the grateful Turks awarded Bickerton with the Order of the Crescent on 8 October 1801. Following the Treaty of Amiens, Bickerton was left behind in command of the Mediterranean Fleet.[5]

Napoleonic Wars

By 1804, still in the Mediterranean and having transferred to

Atlantic.[5][11]

Later career

In spring 1805, a liver complaint forced Bickerton to return to England. He was promoted to

Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) on 2 January 1815.[18] On 5 January 1818 Bickerton was promoted to Lieutenant-general of the Marines, then General of the Marines in June 1830.[5][Note 3]

Political career

Bickerton was elected a Conservative Member of Parliament for Poole in February 1808, but he did not run for re-election in 1812.[2][19] He did not often speak in Parliamentary debates, except on naval issues.[20]

Death

Bickerton's memorial in Bath Abbey

Bickerton died at his home, No. 15

The Circus, Bath, at the age of 72 on 9 February 1832. His wife outlived him, dying on 2 March 1850. As the couple had no children, the estate passed to Anne's nephew, Vice-admiral Sir Richard Hussey Moubray.[16] The lack of male issue also meant the baronetcy became extinct with his death.[7]

A memorial to Bickerton, by Francis Leggatt Chantrey, was erected in Bath Abbey in 1834.[21][22][23] Bickerton Island off the east coast of Australia's Northern Territory was named for him by the British navigator and cartographer, Matthew Flinders, who was the first to circumnavigate the continent.[24]

Notes

  1. ^ Bickerton's entries in The Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, and the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, have him in command of HMS Terrible at some point between Russell and Amazon. The latter was reviewed by Nicholas Tracy but Tracy's own book, Who's Who in Nelson's Navy, however, does not mention this brief command.
  2. Post Captains
    for good service. It carried an increase in salary with no extra duties or responsibilities. Not to be confused with a colonel in the marines.
  3. ^ The ranks Lieutenant-general of the Marines and General of the Marines, like Colonel of the Marines, were ceremonial.

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 1-86176-244-5
    .
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 8 June 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership
    required.)
  3. ^
    ISBN 1-86176-244-5
    .
  4. ISBN 1-86176-244-5
    .
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r The Gentleman's Magazine. E. Cave. 1832.
  6. ISBN 1-86176-244-5
    .
  7. ^ a b c d e J. K. Laughton, 'Bickerton, Sir Richard Hussey, second baronet (1759–1832)’, rev. Nicholas Tracy, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 25 Oct 2015
  8. ISBN 978-1-84415-700-6
    .
  9. ^ Willyams, Rev. Cooper (1796). An Account of the Campaign in the West Indies in the year 1794. London: G. Nicol, Bookseller to His Majesty, Pall Mall; B. and J. White, Fleet Street; and J. Robson, New Bond Street. p. 145.
  10. ^ "No. 15107". The London Gazette. 12 February 1799. p. 148.
  11. ^ Lord Nelson's letter detailing naval strategy against French to be sold Daily Telegraph, 24 November 2008
  12. ^ "No. 15859". The London Gazette. 5 November 1805. p. 1374.
  13. ^ a b "Sainty, JC, Lord High Admiral and Commissioners of the Admiralty 1660-1870, Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 4: Admiralty Officials 1660-1870 (1975), pp. 18–31". Retrieved 4 September 2009.
  14. ^ Rodger, p. 69
  15. ^ "No. 16391". The London Gazette. 28 July 1810. p. 1118.
  16. ^
    ISBN 1-86176-244-5
    .
  17. OCLC 426390753
    .
  18. ^ "No. 16972". The London Gazette. 4 January 1815. p. 19.
  19. ^ Leigh Rayment Members of Parliament[usurped]
  20. ^ Thorne, R.G. "BICKERTON, Sir Richard, 2nd Bt. (1759-1832), of Upwood, Hunts". www.historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  21. ^ "Neoclassical Church Monuments in Britain". Church Monuments Society. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  22. ISBN 978-0300101775
    .
  23. ISBN 9780091912512
    .
  24. ISBN 978-1-108-04061-7
    .

Sources

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sir Richard Bickerton, 2nd Baronet.
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Poole
1807–1812
With: John Jeffery 1808–1809
Benjamin Lester Lester 1809–1812 		Succeeded by
Military offices
Preceded by
First Naval Lord

1808–1812 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth
1812–1815 		Succeeded by
Baronetage of Great Britain
Preceded by Baronet
(of Upwood)
1792–1832 		Extinct
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