Soviet destroyer Shaumyan

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Shaumyan
History
Russian Empire
NameLevkas (Левкас)
NamesakeRussian capture of Lefkada
Ordered17 March 1915
Builder
Russud Shipyard, Nikolayev
Cost2.2 million rubles
Laid down23 May 1916
Launched10 October 1917
FateCaptured by Germany, the Ukrainian People's Army, the Armed Forces of South Russia, and the Red Army
Soviet Union
NameLevkas
Acquired1920
Commissioned10 December 1925
RenamedShaumyan (Шаумян), 5 February 1925
FateRan aground, 3 April 1942, and subsequently destroyed
General characteristics
Class and typeFidonisy-class destroyer
Displacement1,760
full load
)
Length93.26 m (306 ft 0 in) (
o/a
)
Beam9.07 m (29 ft 9 in)
Draft4.04 m (13 ft 3 in) (full load)
Installed power
  • 5
    Thornycroft boilers
  • 29,000 
    kW
    )
Propulsion2 shafts; 2 steam turbines
Speed33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph)
Range2,130 nmi (3,940 km; 2,450 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)
Complement136
Armament

Shaumyan (Шаумян) was one of eight Fidonisy-class destroyers built for the Imperial Russian Navy during World War I. She was originally named Levkas (Левкас) before she was renamed Shaumyan in 1925. Left unfinished during the Russian Revolution in 1917 and later captured by Ukrainian and White forces, the destroyer was completed by the Soviets in 1925 following their victory in the Russian Civil War.

Serving with the

hull were salvaged for scrap
postwar.

Design and description

The Fidonisy-class ships were designed as improved version of the

kW) using steam from five 3-drum Thorneycroft boilers for an intended maximum speed of 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph). During her sea trials, the ship reached a speed of 30.63 knots (56.73 km/h; 35.25 mph) from 27,740 shp (20,690 kW). Her crew numbered 136 or 137. Levkas carried enough fuel oil to give her a range of 2,130 nautical miles (3,940 km; 2,450 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph).[2]

The Fidonisy-class ships mounted a main armament of four single

rangefinder and two 60-centimeter (24 in) searchlights.[2]

Modifications

A second 76.2 mm gun on the stern was added during her 1928–1930 refit, as was a

paravanes. A pair of depth-charge throwers were added later.[4][5]

Construction and service

The eight Fidonisy-class destroyers were ordered on 17 March 1915 at a cost of 2.2 million

launched on 10 October 1917. Construction halted after the Russian Revolution and on 17 March 1918 the shipyard was captured by German troops, followed by the Ukrainian People's Army and the White Armed Forces of South Russia. When a White commission examined her, they found that the hull was completed, the propeller shafts and screws were installed, and that the boilers and some machinery were ready for installation. In early 1920 the shipyard was captured by the Red Army. The Council of Labor and Defense ordered the completion of Levkas and her sister ship Korfu on 2 September 1924 without modification. By early 1925 the installation of machinery and armament was completed. Renamed Shaumyan on 5 February 1925 in honor of the martyred Armenian Bolshevik Stepan Shaumian, the contract for her completion was signed on 13 August. Ready for trials by 19 October 1925, she entered service with the Black Sea Naval Forces on 10 December of that year when the navy officially accepted her.[7]

Interwar period

Along with the rest of the other ships of the Black Sea Naval Forces, Shaumyan participated in maneuvers with Red Army forces at

Odessa involving a practice landing between 21 and 22 September 1927; she was visited by People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs Kliment Voroshilov and Chief of the Red Army Naval Forces Directorate Romuald Muklevich after the exercise. The destroyer visited Istanbul, Turkey, between 27 May and 7 June 1928 alongside cruiser Chervona Ukraina and destroyers Petrovsky and Frunze as part of the Black Sea Naval Forces' Separate Destroyer Division. During the voyage they conducted combat training, including exercises with the Batumi Coastal Defense Region.[8]

Shaumyan began a refit at

minefields and repelling attacks from submarines, destroyers, and torpedo boats.[9] With cruiser Krasny Kavkaz and Petrovsky, the destroyer made another Mediterranean cruise in late 1933, departing Sevastopol on 17 October. The ships arrived in Istanbul on the next day, at Piraeus on 23 October, and made an official visit to Naples, Italy, between 30 October and 2 November, returning to Sevastopol on the night of 7 November.[10] Shaumyan was again refitted at Sevmorzavod in 1935,[3] becoming part of the revived Soviet Black Sea Fleet on 11 January of that year.[4] She tested the new 76 mm anti-aircraft gun (34-K) in May and June of that year. The gun was installed on the new Gnevny-class destroyers but not on Shaumyan due to its weight and the priorities of the Soviet Navy.[11]

World War II

She was part of the 1st Destroyer Division of the fleet at Sevastopol by 22 June 1941,

Danube River to Odessa on 18–19 July. Shaumyan and the minesweeper Tshch-27 laid a minefield off the mouth of the Chilia branch on 23 July,[13] with the destroyer laying 50 M1926 mines.[14] She was assigned to a force tasked to support Soviet troops on 9 August and provided gunfire support for a counterattack by the 1st Naval Rifle Regiment four days later. On 14–17 August, Shaumyan helped to escort the incomplete ships being evacuated from the shipyards at Nikolayev. Together with the light cruisers Chervona Ukraina and Komintern, and the destroyers Besposhchadny and Boyky, Shaumyan and her sister Nezamozhnik bombarded Axis positions west of Odessa on 1–2 September.[15] In return, Shaumyan was struck in the navigation bridge by a shell on 1 September, wounding nine crewmen. The following day she arrived at Sevastopol for repairs that were completed by the 27th when the ship returned to Odessa and towed the crippled Besposhchadny to Sevastopol.[14]

On 3–6 October, the ship was one of the escorts for the convoys evacuating the

defense of Sevastopol from 29 October when she and Nezamozhnik were assigned to another naval bombardment group, this time with the light cruisers Krasnyi Krym and Chervona Ukraina and the destroyer Bodry. This was not her only task as the ship helped to evacuate cut-off Soviet troops from pockets along the Black Sea coast to Sevastopol from 1 to 9 November. After Besposhchadny was badly damaged during an airstrike, Shaumyan towed her to Poti, Georgia, to be repaired on 17 November.[17]

The destroyer supported the

Navy List on 3 June after she was disarmed as she could not fire from her position; her 102 mm guns formed a coastal defense battery defending the Novorossiysk Naval Base.[4] The half-submerged ship was subsequently destroyed by German aircraft and storms. Postwar, the wreck was almost completely salvaged for scrap.[3]

References

  1. ^ Apalkov, p. 136
  2. ^ a b c Verstyuk & Gordeyev, p. 116
  3. ^ a b c Verstyuk & Gordeyev, pp. 114–116
  4. ^ a b c Berezhnoy, p. 327
  5. ^ Breyer, p. 246; Hill, p. 10
  6. ^ Verstyuk & Gordeyev, p. 100
  7. ^ Verstyuk & Gordeyev, pp. 101–102
  8. ^ Chernyshev, p. 128
  9. ^ Chernyshev, p. 129
  10. ^ Chernyshev, p. 130
  11. ^ Chernyshev, p. 65
  12. ^ Chernyshev, p. 141
  13. ^ Chernyshev, p. 142
  14. ^ a b c Platonov, p. 166
  15. ^ Rohwer, pp. 82, 87, 92, 97
  16. ^ Rohwer, pp. 106, 108
  17. ^ Rohwer, pp. 111–112, 114
  18. ^ Platonov, p. 167

Bibliography

Further reading