German submarine U-85 (1941)

Coordinates: 35°55′N 75°13′W / 35.917°N 75.217°W / 35.917; -75.217
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other ships with the same name, see German submarine U-85.

U-52, a typical Type VIIB boat
History
Nazi Germany
NameU-85
Ordered9 June 1938
BuilderFlender Werke, Lübeck
Yard number281
Laid down18 December 1939
Launched10 April 1941
Commissioned7 June 1941
FateSunk by USS Roper, 14 April 1942
General characteristics
Class and type
Type VIIB U-boat
Displacement
  • 753 t (741 long tons) surfaced
  • 857 t (843 long tons) submerged
Length
  • 66.50 
    o/a
  • 48.80 m (160 ft 1 in) pressure hull
Beam
  • 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a
  • 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Draught4.74 m (15 ft 7 in)
Installed power
  • 2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels)
  • 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric)
Propulsion
Speed
  • 17.9 knots (33.2 km/h; 20.6 mph) surfaced
  • 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph)
Range
  • 8,700 nmi (16,100 km; 10,000 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced
  • 90 nmi (170 km; 100 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth
  • 220 m (720 ft)
  • Crush depth
    : 230–250 m (750–820 ft)
Complement4 officers, 40–56 enlisted
Sensors and
processing systems		Gruppenhorchgerät
Armament
Service record
Part of:
Identification codes: M 40 935
Commanders:
  • Oblt.z.S.
     Eberhard Greger
  • 7 June 1941 – 14 April 1942
Operations:
  • 4 patrols:
  • 1st patrol:
  • a. 28 August – 18 September 1941
  • b. 11 – 13 October 1941
  • 2nd patrol:
  • 16 October – 27 November 1941
  • 3rd patrol:
  • 8 January – 23 February 1942
  • 4th patrol:
  • 21 March – 14 April 1942
Victories: 3 merchant ships sunk
(15,060 GRT)
U-85 (submarine) shipwreck and remains
Nearest city
MPS
World War II Shipwrecks along the East Coast and Gulf of Mexico MPS
NRHP reference No.15000805
Added to NRHP12 November 2015

German submarine U-85 was a

Type VIIB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II
.

She was laid down at the Flender Werke in Lübeck on 18 December 1939 as yard number 281. Launched on 10 April 1941, she was commissioned on 7 June and assigned to the 3rd U-boat Flotilla under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Eberhard Greger.

U-85 conducted four war patrols with the flotilla, and sank three ships, totalling 15,060 

Roper
.

Design

supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two BBC GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).[1]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.9 knots (33.2 km/h; 20.6 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph).

anti-aircraft gun The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.[1]

Service history

First patrol

U-85 departed Trondheim in Norway on 28 August 1941 for her first patrol. She sank the Thistleglen on 10 September northeast of Cape Farewell (Greenland).

She docked at

St. Nazaire
on the French Atlantic coast on 18 September.

Second patrol

U-85's second patrol started and finished in Lorient, but was unremarkable.

Third patrol

On her third foray, she sank the Empire Fusilier southeast of St. Johns, Newfoundland, after a seven-hour chase, on 9 February 1942. Nine crew members were lost.[2]

Fourth patrol and loss

Having left St. Nazaire on 21 March 1942, U-85 sank the Norwegian freighter Christen Knudsen off the coast of New Jersey on 10 April.[3]

Wolfpacks

U-85 took part in four wolfpacks, namely:

  • Markgraf (1 – 11 September 1941)
  • Schlagetot (20 October – 1 November 1941)
  • Raubritter (1 – 17 November 1941)
  • Störtebecker (17 – 22 November 1941)

Sinking

U-85 was operating within view of

3"/50 caliber gun. Roper then dropped a pattern of 11 depth charges where U-85 had disappeared beneath the surface.[4]

29 sailors from U-85 were buried at Hampton National Cemetery.

Numerous men were observed in the water, but no rescue attempt was made until daylight. By then, there were no survivors among the 29 bodies floating in life jackets. Some of the bodies were wearing civilian clothes, carrying wallets with United States currency and identification cards.[5] The bodies were fingerprinted, photographed, and buried in a nighttime military ceremony at the Hampton National Cemetery.[6] U-85 lies in less than 100 ft (30 m) of water; the United States Navy briefly attempted to salvage her.[4] More recent investigation by sport divers has raised questions about Navy reports on the wreck.[7]

U-85 was the first U-boat loss of "

Operation Drumbeat
" (Paukenschlag), the offensive off the eastern seaboard of the United States in 1942.

For their actions in sinking U-85, the Navy Cross was awarded to the Roper's captain, Lieutenant Commander Hamilton W. Howe, and his commander, Destroyer Division 54 commander Commander Stanley C. Norton.[8][9]

Wreck

Deck gun

The hatch of U-85 is on display in the Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum; the submarine herself still serves as an attraction for divers.[10] The Labrador current influences the site and visibility can be low.[11] The majority of the debris lies within a 100 metres (330 ft) radius of the wreck.[11] The wreck site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.

The Enigma machine was recovered from the wreck by private divers (Jim Bunch, Roger & Rich Hunting)[12] and in 2003 the German government agreed to allow the machine to be displayed at the Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum, in Hatteras, North Carolina.[13]

Summary of raiding history

Date Ship[14] Nationality Tonnage Fate[14]
10 September 1941 Thistleglen  United Kingdom 4,748 Sunk
9 February 1942 Empire Fusilier  United Kingdom 5,408 Sunk
10 April 1942 Chr. Knudsen  Norway 4,904 Sunk
Total amount of tonnage: 15,060 gross register tons

References

  1. ^ a b c d Gröner 1991, pp. 43–44.
  2. ^ "Empire Fusilier". Uboat. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  3. OCLC 44531654
    .
  4. ^ a b Rouse, Parke, Jr., "Under the Cloak of Night", United States Naval Institute Proceedings, June 1982, pp. 74–75
  5. ^ Rouse suggests U-85 had been preparing to launch a raft of spies when discovered by Roper.
  6. ^ Larson, Chiles T.A. (20 January 2015). "U-boats in the Atlantic". Virginia Living. Cape Fear Publishing. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
  7. ^ Blair, Clay, Jr. Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunters 1939–1942 Random House (1996) p.543
  8. ISBN 9781467137676
    .
  9. ISBN 9780870217265
    . Retrieved 24 September 2021.
  10. ^ "Wreck of the U-85". North Carolina Wreckdiving & BFDC. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  11. ^ a b Hoyt, JC (2009). "2008 Battle of the Atlantic Survey Methodology". In: Pollock NW, ed. Diving for Science 2009. Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences 28th Symposium. Dauphin Island, AL: AAUS; 2009. Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved 11 March 2013.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  12. ^ Thibodeau, Ryan (30 October 2017). "U-Boats Off the Outer Banks". Carolina Designs Blog. Carolina Designs Realty, Inc. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
  13. ^ Hadley, Miles (5 April 2003). "Home Found for "Enigmatic" WW II U-boat Relic". Naval Historical Center. Archived from the original on 5 September 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  14. ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-85". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 28 August 2009.

Bibliography

External links

35°55′N 75°13′W / 35.917°N 75.217°W / 35.917; -75.217

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