Led Zeppelin: Difference between revisions
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==== ''Physical Graffiti'' ==== |
==== ''Physical Graffiti'' ==== |
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[[Image:Plant1975.jpg|thumb|150px|Robert Plant performing live with Led Zeppelin at Earls Court Exhibition Centre in 1975.]][[February 24]], [[1975]] saw the release of ''[[Physical Graffiti]]'', Led Zeppelin's first double-album (it was a collection of sixteen lengthy songs), on the Swan Song label. Even more so than earlier releases, Jimmy Page's contributions are especially evident (this mid-seventies period was the peak of his playing skills), though every member of the band is given time to make their mark on the album. The band again showed its impressive range with songs such as the ballad "[[Ten Years Gone]]", the slide guitar exposition "[[In My Time of Dying]]" (the band's longest studio recording at over eleven minutes), the simplified hard rock of "[[Sick Again]]", the keyboard-based "[[Trampled Under Foot]]", and the trance-like, [[India#Culture|Indian]]/[[Arab|Arabic]]-tinged "[[Kashmir (song)|Kashmir]]", which has become an FM radio staple; that song and its lyrics were inspired by Robert Plant's travels in Morocco. A review in Rolling Stone magazine referred to the album as Led Zeppelin's "bid for artistic respectability", adding that the only competition the band had for the title of 'World's best rock band' were [[the Rolling Stones]] and [[The Who]].<ref name="Rolling Stone Magazine 2"> [http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/ledzeppelin/albums/album/158693/review/5944206/physical_graffiti; Rolling Stone Review, Mar, 27 1975]</ref>The album was a massive fiscal and critical success. Shortly after the release of ''Physical Graffiti'', all previous Led Zeppelin albums simultaneously re-entered the top-200 album chart.<ref name="Hammer of the Gods"> {{cite book | title=Hammer of the Gods (LPC) | year=1995 | author=Stephen Davis | pages=225, 277 ISBN 033043859}}</ref> Shortly after the album's release, the band embarked on another U.S. tour, again playing to record-breaking crowds.[[image:Page.jpg|left|thumb|180px|Jimmy Page performing live with Led Zeppelin at Earls Court Exhibition Centre in 1975]] In May 1975, Led Zeppelin played five highly successful, sold-out nights at the [[Earls Court Exhibition Centre]] in [[London]] (footage from these concerts was released in 2003, on the ''Led Zeppelin DVD''). |
[[Image:Plant1975.jpg|thumb|150px|Robert Plant performing live with Led Zeppelin at Earls Court Exhibition Centre in 1975.]][[February 24]], [[1975]] saw the release of ''[[Physical Graffiti]]'', Led Zeppelin's first double-album (it was a collection of sixteen lengthy songs), on the Swan Song label. Even more so than earlier releases, Jimmy Page's contributions are especially evident (this mid-seventies period was the peak of his playing skills), though every member of the band is given time to make their mark on the album. The band again showed its impressive range with songs such as the ballad "[[Ten Years Gone]]", the slide guitar exposition "[[In My Time of Dying]]" (the band's longest studio recording at over eleven minutes), the simplified hard rock of "[[Sick Again]]", the keyboard-based "[[Trampled Under Foot]]", and the trance-like, [[India#Culture|Indian]]/[[Arab|Arabic]]-tinged "[[Kashmir (song)|Kashmir]]", which has become an FM radio staple; that song and its lyrics were inspired by Robert Plant's travels in Morocco. A review in Rolling Stone magazine referred to the album as Led Zeppelin's "bid for artistic respectability", adding that the only competition the band had for the title of 'World's best rock band' were [[the Rolling Stones]] and [[The Who]].<ref name="Rolling Stone Magazine 2"> [http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/ledzeppelin/albums/album/158693/review/5944206/physical_graffiti; Rolling Stone Review, Mar, 27 1975]</ref>The album was a massive fiscal and critical success. Shortly after the release of ''Physical Graffiti'', all previous Led Zeppelin albums simultaneously re-entered the top-200 album chart.<ref name="Hammer of the Gods"> {{cite book | title=Hammer of the Gods (LPC) | year=1995 | author=Stephen Davis | pages=225, 277 ISBN 033043859}}</ref> Shortly after the album's release, the band embarked on another U.S. tour, again playing to record-breaking crowds.[[image:Page.jpg|left|thumb|180px|Jimmy Page performing live with Led Zeppelin at Earls Court Exhibition Centre in 1975]] In May 1975, Led Zeppelin played five highly successful, sold-out nights at the [[Earls Court Exhibition Centre]] in [[London]] (footage from these concerts was released in 2003, on the ''Led Zeppelin DVD''). This series of concerts is widely considered by fans to be amongst the best of the band's career.<ref>Lewis, Dave and Pallett, Simon (1997) ''Led Zeppelin: The Concert File'', London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-5307-4, p. 111.</ref> |
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=== The latter days (1976-1980) === |
=== The latter days (1976-1980) === |
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Revision as of 13:34, 10 August 2006
Led Zeppelin | |
|---|---|
| File:Led Zeppelin flippedcorrect.jpg A 1969 photo of Led Zeppelin, from left to right: John Paul Jones, John Bonham (Top), Jimmy Page and Robert Plant | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | London, England |
| Years active | 1968 - 1980 (Reunions: 1985,1988,1995) |
| Members | Robert Plant Jimmy Page John Paul Jones John Bonham(deceased) |
Led Zeppelin were an
).Formed in 1968, Led Zeppelin were consistent innovators who never lost mainstream appeal. While the band is best known a pioneering force in
Over 25 years after deciding to disband in response to drummer John Bonham's tragic death in 1980, Led Zeppelin continue to be held in high regard for their
History
The early days (1968-1970)
While groups such as
The formation of the band
Jimmy Page (1944- ) joined the rock band The Yardbirds in 1966, first playing bass guitar (while rhythm guitarist Chris Dreja became comfortable with that instrument), then switching to lead guitar. Following the departure of Jeff Beck in October 1966, the Yardbirds, tired from constant touring and recording, were beginning to wind down. Page discussed forming a supergroup with himself and Beck on guitar, and The Who's Keith Moon and John Entwistle on drums and bass.[3] Vocalists Donovan, Steve Winwood and Steve Marriott were also considered for the project.[4] The group never formed, although Page, Beck and Moon did record a song together in 1966, "Beck's Bolero", which featured on Beck's 1968 album, Truth. The recording session also included bassist John Paul Jones (1946- ), who told Page that he would be interested in collaborating with him on future projects. [5]
The Yardbirds played their final gig in July 1968, after which vocalist Keith Relf and drummer Jim McCarty left the band, wishing to pursue a shared interest in folk music. However, The Yardbirds were still committed to perform several concerts in Scandinavia, and so McCarty and Relf authorised Page and Dreja to use the Yardbirds name to fulfil the bands' obligation. Page and Dreja began putting a new line-up together. Page's first choice for lead singer, Terry Reid, declined the offer, but suggested Robert Plant (1948- ), [6] who accepted the position. Plant recommended drummer John Bonham (1948-1980),[7] with whom he had played in the Band of Joy. When Dreja opted out of the project to become a photographer (he would later take the photograph that appeared on the back of Led Zeppelin's debut album), John Paul Jones contacted Page about the empty position. Page, being familiar with his credentials, gladly accepted him as the band's new bassist.
The band completed the Scandinavian tour as the
Led Zeppelin I
Shortly after their first tour, the group's eponymous first album was released on January 12, 1969. Its blend of blues, folk, and eastern influences with distorted amplification made it one of the pivotal records in the creation of heavy metal music.[10]
Although several of Led Zeppelin's earliest songs were based on blues standards, others, such as "
Led Zeppelin I's famous album cover met interesting protest when, at a February 28, 1970 gig in Copenhagen, the band was billed as "The Nobs" as a result of a threat of legal action from aristocrat Eva von Zeppelin (relative of the namesake creator of the Zeppelin aircraft), who, upon seeing the logo of the Hindenburg crashing in flames, threatened to have the show pulled off the air.[12]
Led Zeppelin II
The immediate success of the first album kick-started the band's career, especially in the United States, where they would frequently tour. The second record, simply titled Led Zeppelin II, followed in similar style later that year: the album begins with the bludgeoning riff of "Whole Lotta Love," which, driven by the rhythm section, defined their sound at the time. Led Zeppelin II was an even greater success for the group, reaching the Number one chart position in both the US and the UK. [13] Other highlights from the album include the ballad "Ramble On", the catchy riff, intricate guitar solo, and powerful vocals of "Heartbreaker", and the explosive chorus of "What Is and What Should Never Be".
Led Zeppelin II also included songs which bore striking similarities to Willie Dixon's work, although Dixon was not credited. "Bring It on Home" was very similar to Dixon's "Bring It on Back", and "Whole Lotta Love", was lyrically very similar to Dixon's "You Need Love". In the 1970s, Arc Music, the publishing arm of Chess Records, brought suit against Led Zeppelin for copyright infringement over "Bring It on Home", winning an out-of-court settlement. Dixon himself did not benefit until he sued Arc Music to recover his royalties and copyrights. Years later, Dixon filed suit against Led Zeppelin over "Whole Lotta Love", and a generous out-of-court settlement was reached. Later pressings of Led Zeppelin II credit Dixon for his work.
Page was once quoted in an interview as saying: "I've often thought that in the way
Led Zeppelin III
For the writing of the music on their third album,
“The biggest band in the world” (1971–1975)
The success of Led Zeppelin's early years would be dwarfed by this five year period in which the band would release their most famous albums and ascend to the very peak of musical success in the 1970s. The band's image also changed and as Led Zeppelin became a wealthy band the members began wearing elaborate, colorful clothing and
Though there are many variations on the story, involving all or some of the band members, as well as variations on the type of fish (often claimed to be a shark) and the nature of the acts performed; Led Zeppelin's road manager Richard Cole, provided the following account of the event. "Stairway to Heaven: Led Zeppelin Uncensored":
"It wasn't Bonzo, it was me. It wasn't shark parts anyway: It was the nose that got put in. We caught a lot of big sharks, at least two dozen, stuck coat hangers through the
Untitled
Led Zeppelin's fourth album was released on November 8, 1971. There was no indication of the band's name on the original packaging, and the title of the album was given as four symbols - 
. It is variously referred to as The Unnamed Album, Untitled, Led Zeppelin IV, Zoso, Runes, Sticks or Four Symbols. In an interview with Rolling Stone magazine in 2005, Plant said that it is simply called the fourth album. [11]The album included examples of hard rock, such as "Black Dog" (supposedly titled in tribute to a dog which loitered around the recording studio) along with gentler, acoustic folk track, "Going to California" (a tribute to Joni Mitchell), and "Four Sticks" (so named because it features John Bonham drumming with four drumsticks).
Folk and metal are fused together in the eight-minute, suite-like "Stairway to Heaven", which became a massive album-oriented rock FM radio hit even though it was never released as a single. The song features three distinct movements: a slow acoustic introduction, a more up-tempo acoustic middle section, and an electric finale marked by Page's guitar solo. "Stairway" is undoubtedly the most well-known song in Led Zeppelin's catalogue, which has led to many rumours involving the meaning of its lyrics, its construction, and the source of its famous opening riff. One of the most famous of these is that when the song is played backwards, Satanic messages can heard. This also reinforced other popular rumours that Jimmy Page dabbled in Satanism and the occult, which was further fueled by Page's admitted interest in magician Aleister Crowley. The presence of any Satanic messages have been repeatedly denied by both Page and Plant.
It has been noted by critics that the acoustic opening riff of "Stairway to Heaven" is similar to another riff in the song "Taurus" by the rock group Spirit (band), a band for whom Led Zeppelin opened on their first American tour. Zeppelin has maintained that this resemblance is mere conicidence. Plant's mysterious lyrics have also been the subject of speculation even beyond theories of Satanism, with hypotheses that the song can mean whatever the listener wants it to mean (artistic pliability), or that it means nothing at all. [15] In the 1973 concert film The Song Remains the Same (film), Plant says before performing the song live "I think this is a song of hope". In 2005, the magazine Guitar World held a poll of readers in which "Stairway to Heaven" was voted as containing the greatest guitar solo of all time.[5]
"
has sold 23 million copies in the US, making it one of the top four best selling albums in the history of the US music industry. [18]Houses of the Holy
The band's next studio record, 1973's
In 1974, Led Zeppelin launched their own record label,
Physical Graffiti
In May 1975, Led Zeppelin played five highly successful, sold-out nights at the Earls Court Exhibition Centre in London (footage from these concerts was released in 2003, on the Led Zeppelin DVD). This series of concerts is widely considered by fans to be amongst the best of the band's career.[20]
The latter days (1976-1980)
By 1975, Led Zeppelin was a household name in both the United States and Europe, perenially topping the charts on both continents, and they would continue to do that throughout these years. Their live shows would increase even further in theaticality, featuring larger stage areas and complex lightshows that were popular with other bands of the era, such as Pink Floyd. While there were musical and commercial successes for Led Zeppelin during this period, problems such as the tragic death of Robert Plant's son, a car crash, Jimmy Page's heroin use, changing musical tastes, and finally John Bonham's alcoholism would ultimately bring an end to Led Zeppelin.
Presence
Led Zeppelin took a break from touring in 1976, during which Robert Plant and his wife, Maureen, were in a car crash while on holiday in Rhodes, Greece. Robert suffered a broken ankle, while Maureen was very seriously injured, and only a flight back to London and a timely blood transfusion saved her life.
Unable to tour, the band returned to the studio and, with Plant sitting on a stool during the sessions, recorded their seventh studio album,
In 1977, Led Zeppelin embarked on another massive U.S. concert tour, again selling out stadiums and auditoriums in cities like
In Through the Out Door
The summer of 1978 saw the group recording again, this time at ABBA's Polar Studios in Stockholm, Sweden. The resultant album, In Through the Out Door, features "All My Love", a tribute to Plant's late son.[23] The album was released with several different cover designs, each having the viewpoint of a different person in a bar watching a man burning something, which is revealed inside to be a Dear John letter.
After a decade of recording and touring, Led Zeppelin was now considered an obsolete musical machine in some quarters, as mainstream musical tastes had moved in favour of
In August 1979, after two warm-up shows in Copenhagen, Led Zeppelin headlined at the legendary Knebworth music festival. A massive success, close to 200,000 fans witnessed the return of Led Zeppelin and, with the release of In Through the Out Door on August 15, the band was eager to tour again, planning a short European tour followed by another American tour.
"A tragic end"
The 1980 American tour was not to be: On September 24, 1980, Bonham was picked up by Led Zeppelin assistant Rex King from The Old Hyde to be at rehearsals at Bray Studios for the upcoming tour of the United States, the band's first since 1977. During the journey Bonham had asked to stop for breakfast, where he downed four quadruple vodkas (roughly sixteen shots (~8dl) of vodka), with a ham roll. After taking a bite of the ham roll he said to his assistant 'Breakfast.' He then continued to drink when he arrived at the studio. A halt was called to the rehearsals late in the evening and the band retired to Page's house — The Old Mill House in Clewer, Windsor. After midnight, Bonham had fallen asleep and was taken to bed on his side. It was rumoured that he had a total of forty shots that night. Tour Manager (replacing Richard Cole, who was taking a break from tour managing to control his drug habits) Benji LeFevre and John Paul Jones found him dead the next morning. Bonham was just 32.
The cause of death was asphyxiation of vomit. A subsequent coroner inquest found no other drugs in Bonham's body.The alcoholism that had plagued the drummer since his earliest days with the band, ultimately led to his untimely death. John Bonham's son, Jason Bonham(who went on to become a rock drummer like his father), said on the 2006 VH1 show "Supergroup" that he has a personal dislike of alchohol and avoid it, partially by reason of his father's alchohol-induced death. John Bonham was cremated and a funeral was held on October 10th, 1980 at Rushock, Worcestershire parish church near The Old Hyde farm. The headstone reads:
"Cherished memories of a loving husband and father, John Henry Bonham Who died Sept. 25th 1980. He will always be remembered in our hearts, Goodnight my Love, God Bless."
Despite rumours that Cozy Powell, Carmine Appice, Simon Kirke, or Bev Bevan would join the group as his replacement, the remaining members disbanded Led Zeppelin after Bonham's death. They issued a statement, once and for all clarifying that the band would not continue without its irreplaceable drummer. In December 1980, they disbanded permanently as Led Zeppelin, saying: "We wish it to be known that the loss of our dear friend and the deep sense of undivided harmony felt by ourselves and our manager, have led us to decide that we could not continue as we were".
In the years to follow, a steady stream of
Reunions and ongoing success (1981-present)
1980s
After Led Zeppelin disbanded in 1980 Jimmy page stopped playing guitar regularly until 1983, Page embarked on a short tour with the ARMS project, a charity event for multiple sclerosis. The tour also included former Yardbird guitarists Eric Clapton and Jeff Beck. Each artist performed separately, with Page performing tunes from his Death Wish 2 soundtrack along with an instrumental version of Stairway to Heaven, although performances of other Led Zeppelin songs were rare. For the finale, all three guitarists shared the stage, trading blues solos. During the tour Page looked extremely thin and frail. According to the book "Hammer of the Gods," Page reportedly told friends that he'd just given up heroin after seven years of use. In a 1988 interview with Musician Magazine, Page took offense when the interviewer noted that heroin had been associated with his name, and insisted that "I'm not [an addict], thank you very much." In 1984, Page teamed up with Paul Rodgers (of Bad Company and Free fame) to record two albums under the name The Firm. The first album included an epic song called "Midnight Moonlight" which had originally been intended for Led Zeppelin.
Robert Plant had launched his own successful solo career and in 1984 teamed with Page for the commercially successful EP The Honeydrippers: Volume One, which also featured another former Yardbirds guitarist, Jeff Beck. During Plant's early years, but refused to perform any Led Zeppelin songs. Similarly, The Firm often refused to perform any Led Zeppelin or Bad Company tunes, though Page played part of the "Kashmir" riff during "Midnight Moonlight", as well as his trademark violin bow solo.
On
In 1986, Page, Plant and Jones gathered at Bath, in South West England, for rehearsals with Thompson with a view to playing as a group again, but a serious car accident involving Thompson put an end to that plan. 1988 turned out to be a significant year for the surviving Led Zeppelin members, with much talk about a reunion tour. A Rolling Stone critic commented at year's end that "1988 was the biggest year Led Zeppelin ever had, and they only played once." A newer band, Kingdom Come, had a hit single called "Get It On", which sounded so much like Led Zeppelin that many listeners thought that the band had reformed, and the song received heavy airplay. Additional excitement was generated by Page's appearance on Plant's album Now and Zen, where he performed on the tracks "Heaven Knows" and "Tall Cool One" (the latter also featuring samples of Page's guitar riffs from the original Led Zeppelin recordings). Plant later sang on track four ("The Only One") of Page's album Outrider, released in June. For the first time since Bonham's death, Plant began performing Zeppelin tunes on his solo tour. When Plant's European tour visited London's Hammersmith Odeon on April 17, 1988, Page joined Plant on stage for several numbers. Both Page and Plant mounted tours in the United States later in the year, each performing Led Zeppelin numbers to ecstatic audiences.
Led Zeppelin reunited again in May of 1988, for Atlantic Records' 40th Anniversary concert, with Bonham's son, Jason Bonham, on drums. The performance was again flawed, this time by a lack of keyboards in the mix, and by Page's unusually lackluster performance during "Heartbreaker". Page and Plant performed with Jason Bonham again at the 21st birthday party of Plant's daughter, Carmen, and at Jason Bonham's wedding. The media published countless articles about Led Zeppelin, with speculation about a reunion tour.
1990s
On June 30, 1990, while Plant was touring in support of his album, Manic Nirvana, Page joined him for a brief set at the Knebworth music festival. The set included "Wearing and Tearing", "Misty Mountain Hop" and "Rock and Roll". The concert was broadcast by radio stations around the world, and highlights of the event, including the entire Page/Plant set, were later shown on MTV. On other dates of the tour, Plant performed wearing a Jimmy Page t-shirt.
Page and Plant reunited in 1994 for an MTV Unplugged performance (dubbed Unledded) which eventually led to a world tour with a Middle Eastern orchestra, and a live album entitled No Quarter. The bass player was Charlie Jones, who had been the bassist with Plant's own band for several years (and was now his son-in-law, having married Carmen Plant). Many see this as the beginning of discord with John Paul Jones, who was upset with Page and Plant for touring without asking him first. Tensions were further increased when Plant was asked at a press conference where Jones was, and he jokingly replied that Jones was parking the car.[25] Jones later commented that he was unhappy about Plant and Page naming the album after a Led Zeppelin song which was largely his work. In a 1995 interview with Spin magazine, Page kicked the interviewer out of the room simply for mentioning Jones.
On
2000s
On May 30, 2000, Atlantic released a single edit of "Whole Lotta Love", making it the only Led Zeppelin CD single. In October 2002, The British press reported that Robert Plant and John Paul Jones had reconciled after a 20-year feud which had kept Led Zeppelin apart, and rumours surfaced of a reunion tour in 2003. [26] This was later denied by Plant and Page's management company. [27]
2003 saw a resurgence of the band's popularity with the release of a live album,
In 2005, Led Zeppelin received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, they were ranked #1 in US cable channel VH1's "100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock" special, and readers of Guitar World magazine voted the guitar solo from "Stairway to Heaven" to be the best guitar solo of all time in rock history. [29] In Rolling Stone magazine's tabulation of the greatest guitarists of all time
On the cover of their February 2006 issue, Guitar World magazine called Led Zeppelin the "world's greatest band." The band, and Jimmy Page especially, have been featured in the magazine numerous times, whether in articles about the band itself, about topics that include the band, or in articles where other musicians cite the band as a powerful influence.
Page and Plant were slated to appear on June 30th, 2006 at the Montreux Jazz Festival for a tribute to Ahmet Ertegun, Atlantic Records' founder, but Jimmy Page did not a appear, citing unnamed medical problems.
Led Zeppelin has always been very protective of its catalogue of songs, and has seldom allowed them to be licensed for online download services, films, or commercials. In recent years, this position has softened somewhat, and Led Zeppelin songs can be heard in movies such as
Samples, covers, and tributes
Beginning in the early 1980s, other musical artists showed interest in experimenting with Led Zeppelin's music. This led to the creation many tribute bands, the recording of countless cover songs, and with the advent of rap, the use of samples from Led Zeppelin's songs.
For a list of some of the more prominent Led Zeppelin covers, tributes, and samples, see
Discography
Albums
| Album Cover | Date of Release | Title |
|---|---|---|
| January 12, 1969 | Led Zeppelin | |
| October 22, 1969 | Led Zeppelin II | |
| October 5, 1970 | Led Zeppelin III | |
|
November 8, 1971 | * (Led Zeppelin IV)
|
 |
March 28, 1973 | Houses of the Holy |
| February 24, 1975 | Physical Graffiti | |
| March 31, 1976 | Presence | |
| September 21, 1976 | The Song Remains The Same | |
| August 15, 1979 | In Through The Out Door
| |
 |
November 19, 1982 | Coda |
| November 11, 1997 | Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions
| |
 |
May 27, 2003 | How The West Was Won |
Compilations and other releases
- September 09, 1990)
- Profiled (September 21, 1990) - Promotional interview CD
- Led Zeppelin (boxed set, volume 1) (September 7, 1990) ‡
- 21 September 1993) ‡
- Complete Studio Recordings (boxed set) September 24, 1993 ‡
- Early Days: Best of Led Zeppelin Volume One (November 23, 1999)
- )
- Early Days & Latter Days (2 CD set) (November 19, 2002)
‡ Contains some tracks not available elsewhere
Filmography
- The Song Remains the Same (1976)
- Led Zeppelin DVD (2003)
See also
- Led Zeppelin Concert Tour Chronology
- Led Zeppelin bootleg recordings
- List of best-selling music artists.
References
- ^ "Valery Gergiev and Led Zeppelin share Polar Music Prize". monstersandcritics.com. November 7, 2005. Retrieved 2006-06-06.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ RIAA. "Top Selling Artists".
- ^ Greg Prato, All Music Guide. "Guitar Legends, Jimmy Page".
- ^ Led-Zeppelin.org. "Led Zeppelin Assorted Info".
- ^ a b c d Stephen Davis (1995). Hammer of the Gods (LPC). pp. 44, 64, 190, 225, 277 ISBN 033043859. Cite error: The named reference "Hammer of the Gods" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Billboard. "Led Zeppelin Biography".
- ^ Digital Graffiti. "Led Zeppelin FAQ".
- ^ One Way Magazine. "Behind the Names of Rock".
- ^ Jimmy Page Online
- ^ Billboard discography
- ^ a b [1] Cite error: The named reference "Rolling Stone" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ [2]
- ^ Led Zeppelin discography
- boxed set(1990).
- ^ [3]
- ^ Song Facts
- ^ Artofmix.com
- ^ RIAA best selling Albums
- ^ Rolling Stone Review, Mar, 27 1975
- ^ Lewis, Dave and Pallett, Simon (1997) Led Zeppelin: The Concert File, London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-5307-4, p. 111.
- ^ Rolling Stone Magazine Review, Published May, 20 1976The recording of Presence coincided with the beginning of Page's heroin use, which may have interfered with Led Zeppelin's later live shows and studio recordings, although Page has denied this.
- ^ Rock's Backpages review, Published April, 10 1976
- ^ All My Love Songfacts
- ^ BBC news story, Published 4 August, 2004
- ^ Led Zeppelin.org, accessed 2nd August 2006
- ^ The Sun, accessed 2nd August 2006
- ^ BBC News, accessed 2nd August 2006
- ^ BBC News, accessed 2nd August 2006
- ^ Guitar World Magazine, 2005
- ^ Rolling Stone Magazine, published 2005
- ^ BBC News article, 23 May 2006
Sources
- Electric Magic: Led Zeppelin fan site
- Bron-Yr-Aur: Italian Led Zeppelin fan site
- Achilles Last Stand: Led Zeppelin fan site
- Led Zeppelin – East Grinstead Hall of Fame
- Tight But Loose: Led Zeppelin fan magazine
- Classic Led Zeppelin photos by photographer Chris Walter
- 100 Greatest Guitar Solos
- The Garden Tapes - An indepth study of Led Zeppelin live releases.
External links
- Official site
- Rock and Roll Hall of Fame bio
- Rolling Stone Magazine
- Billboard Magazine
- VH1 Bio
- Led Zeppelin discography at MusicBrainz
