Sports drink
Sports drinks, also known as electrolyte drinks, are
Consuming too much or in unnecessary circumstances may hinder health or performance. The drinks, or some of their ingredients such as sugar, may not be suitable for certain conditions.[1]
Categories
Sports drinks can be split into three major types:[2]
- Isotonic sport drinks contain similar concentrations of salt and sugar as in the human body.
- Hypertonic sport drinks contain a higher concentration of salt and sugar than the human body.
- Hypotonic sport drinks contain a lower concentration of salt and sugar than the human body.
Most sports drinks are approximately isotonic, having between 4 and 5 heaped teaspoons of sugar per eight ounce (13 and 19 grams per 250ml) serving.[3]
Purpose and effectiveness
This section needs additional citations for verification. (September 2021) |
Athletes that are actively training lose water and
Studies show that, contrary to popular belief, the consumption of an electrolyte-containing sports drink does not protect against hyponatremia (low sodium in the blood). This is likely due to the fact that the sodium content of these drinks is in the range of 20 to 30 meq/L.[6]
A stated purpose of sports drinks, which provide many calories of energy from sugars, is to improve performance and endurance. The potential benefits of sports drinks depends upon other factors including the quantity of the beverage ingested, the time it takes for the drink to be emptied from ones body, absorption time, and the carbohydrate type,[7] although the same source states that “there is little evidence that any one sports drink is superior to any of the other beverages on the market.”.[8]
A 2019 meta-review found that “dairy
Potentially harmful effects
Some potentially harmful health effects of drinking sports drinks without prolonged exercise include weight gain, diabetes and dental erosion.[10][11][12] These drinks are high in calories and sugar which thereby can contribute towards an unhealthy diet.[13] Generally, commercial sports drinks contain two-thirds the amount of sugar found in a normal soda. The sugar found in these sports drinks still exceeds the recommended amount of sugar in a day for a child.[14]
History
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, athletes occasionally drank
Since the first modern Olympics, fluid intake during sports have varied a lot due to a lack of consensus in the scientific community pertaining to the use of sports drinks. In the early 1900s there was a widespread belief that consumption of fluids such as water during exercise was unnecessary.[19] However, with the advancement of exercise physiology in 1923, the cardiovascular model of thermoregulation was researched by A.V. Hill.[19] Based on this model, the consequences of water loss and the significance of fluid consumption was emphasized.[19]
Commercial market
The sports and energy drinks market is rapidly growing around the world. Sports drinks are included within the functional drinks market. Within the functional drinks category, sports and energy drinks account for the largest volume growth.[20] These drinks have experienced exponential growth of more than 240% in the United States of America and around the world from the years 2004 to 2009.[20]
There have been a variety of different types of drinks introduced to the market over the years and a lot of these drinks are targeted towards young athletes.[21]
Examples
Commercially available sports drinks include:
- 100plus
- 10-K Thirst Quencher
- Accelerade
- All Sport
- Aquarius
- Bodyarmor
- Gatorade
- Herbalife H3O Pro
- Isostar
- Lucozade Sport
- Mizone
- Muscle Milk
- Pocari Sweat
- Powerade
- Prime
- Sqwincher
- Vemma Thirst
- Vitamin Water
See also
- Dehydration
- Energy drink
- Energy gel
- Gainer (supplement)
- Hyperthermia
- Oral rehydration therapy
References
- ^ S2CID 35181482. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
- PMID 34716905.
- ISSN 2278-4853.
- PMID 16558151.
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- S2CID 12040176.
- ^ Russo, Isabella, et al. "Systematic literature review: The effect of dairy milk on markers of recovery optimisation in response to endurance exercise." International Journal of Sports Science (2019): 69-85.
- ^ Schneider, Marcie Beth. "Sports Drinks and Energy Drinks for Children and Adolescents: Are They Appropriate?". publications.aap.org. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- S2CID 13102323.
- PMID 15779219.
- ^ Schneider, Marcie Beth. "Sports Drinks and Energy Drinks for Children and Adolescents: Are They Appropriate?". publications.aap.org. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
- S2CID 205909525.
- ^ PMID 23547548.
- PMID 19088794.
- ^ Mika Rissanen (May 2014). "Beer Breaks during the Tour de France. Some observations on beer and cycling in the early 1900s". Ludica, Annali di Storia e Civiltà del Gioco, 17-18 (2011-2012), Pp. 188-190. Ludica, annali di storia e civiltà del gioco. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
- PMID 19136497.)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ S2CID 4718787.
- ^ PMID 33467819.
- PMID 31272457.