Suqour al-Sham Brigades
Suqour al-Sham Brigades أَلْوِيَةُ صُقُورِ الشَّامِ | |
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Leaders | |
Dates of operation | |
Headquarters | Sarjeh, |
Size | 9,000–10,000[6] (2013) 400[7] (December 2014) |
Part of | Islamic Front (2013–2015)[8]
Syrian Islamic Liberation Front (2012–2013) Syrian Revolutionary Command Council (2014–2015)[10] Army of Conquest (2015–2017)[11] National Front for Liberation (since August 2018)[2] |
Allies |
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Opponents |
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Battles and wars | Syrian Civil War
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The Suqour al-Sham Brigades (
Ideology
Suqour al-Sham's ideology has been described by Asher Berman of the
A publication of the
Activity and tactics
As Suquor al-Sham grew in prominence, rebel units in neighboring regions such as Aleppo and Idlib Governorate declared themselves to be members of Suqour al-Sham. The central leadership sometimes recognized their affiliation, but the amount of coordination with these groups was believed to be low. By June 2013 the group had recognised some 17 sub-brigades.[21]
Suqour al-Sham has been known to carry out roadside
History
After
Suquor al-Sham initially identified itself as part of the
In September 2012, a large number of
By early 2014, Suqour al-Sham had reportedly been substantially weakened following the
In May 2014, the group conducted joint suicide attacks with the al-Nusra Front that involved American foreign fighter,
In September 2016, after more than a year of being absorbed by
On 6 August 2019,
According to a Syrian opposition source and an activist in Afrin, the Suqour al-Sham Brigades were among the Turkish-backed insurgent groups which volunteered to send fighters to Libya as part of a Turkish-led operation to aid the Tripoli-based Government of National Accord in December 2019.[32]
War crimes
The UN Commission of Inquiry for Syria reported that the group unlawfully detained Hekmat Khalil al-De’ar for alleged dealings with the Syrian Democratic Forces. His dead body returned to his family the next day. The autopsy showed that he had been subjected to torture.[14]
See also
- List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War
References
- ^ a b c d e O'Bagy 2012, p. 23.
- ^ a b c "Meet the leading leaders of the "National Liberation Front"". Enab Baladi. 1 August 2018.
- ^ a b c "Islamist Mergers in Syria: Ahrar al-Sham Swallows Suqour al-Sham". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 23 March 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ^ a b c "Sham Hawks Brigade split from the Islamic Movement of the Free Levant". Eldorar. 3 September 2016.
- ^ a b "Rival Groups Clash in Syria's Rebel-Packed Idlib". Associated Press. 15 July 2017.
- ^ a b "MAPPING MILITANT ORGANIZATIONS: Suqour al-Sham". Stanford University. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
- ^ Dick, Marlin (1 December 2014). "Syrian rebel coalition announced". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 1 December 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
- ^ a b c "Leading Syrian rebel groups form new Islamic Front". BBC News. 22 November 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
- ^ a b c Obs, Syrian Rebellion (25 January 2017). "#SRO - As #JFS leading its war in #Idlib gov', many factions seeking refuge inside Ahrar ash-Sham : these five sunni factions merged in it.pic.twitter.com/KuiZnw4XHJ". Twitter.
- ^ "Translation: the Formation of the Syrian Revolutionary Command Council". Goha's Nail. 3 August 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
- ^ a b c "Hassan Hassan حسن on Twitter". Retrieved 5 March 2017.
- ^ a b "Freedom, Human Rights, Rule of Law: The Goals and Guiding Principles of the Islamic Front and Its Allies". Democratic Revolution, Syrian Style. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
- ^ "Syrian War Daily – 2nd of March 2018". 2 March 2018.
- ^ a b "2021 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Syria". www.state.gov.
- ^ "YPG and Rebel Forces Challenge ISIS in Northern Syria".
- ^ "Syrian War Daily – 21st of February 2018". 21 February 2018.
- ^ a b "Leading Syrian rebels defect, dealing blow to fight against al-Qaeda". Daily Telegraph. 5 December 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
- ^ a b "Syria's Islamist rebels join forces against Assad". Reuters. 11 October 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
- ^ "اندماج حركتي أحرار الشام وصقور الشام". Retrieved 5 March 2017.
- ^ a b c "Rebel Groups in Jebel Al-Zawiyah" (PDF). Institute for the Study of War.
- ^ CTC Sentinel. Archived from the originalon 7 October 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
- AFP news agency. 26 November 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
- ^ "Syrian rebels releasing prisoners in bomb-rigged cars". New York Daily News. 21 June 2012. Archived from the original on 28 June 2012.
- ^ "About Sham Falcons". Archived from the original on 2012-08-18.
- ^ "Syrian rebel groups reject SNC authority, call for Islamic leadership". Reuters. 25 September 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
- ^ "Largest Syrian rebel groups form Islamic alliance, in possible blow to U.S. influence". Washington Post. 25 September 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
- ^ "A decision of the General Command in brigades Hawks Levant to accept the request of the separation o".
- ^ Hassan Hassan (4 March 2014). "Front to Back". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ "Politics of the Islamic Front, Part 6: Stagnation?". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
- ^ "Al Nusrah Front, Suqour al Sham launch joint suicide assault in Syria | FDD's Long War Journal". 26 May 2014.
- ^ "Jihadists suffer heavy losses in 2 ambushes carried out by suspected Russian troops". 6 August 2019. Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
- ^ Ragip Soylu; Harun al-Aswad (27 December 2019). "Turkey to send Syrian rebel fighters to battle Haftar in Libya". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
Sources
O’Bagy, E. (2012, September). Jihad in Syria. Middle East Security Report 6 , 1-41.