Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with the National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict of 2019.

Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict
Part of the
Syrian Civil War

Situation in Aleppo Governorate and Idlib Governorate on 18 April 2018.
  Tahrir al-Sham and allies control
  Syrian Liberation Front and allies control
  Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army control
  Syrian Army control
  SDF control
  Syrian Army & SDF control
Date19 February – 24 April 2018
(2 months and 5 days)
Location
Aleppo Governorate and Idlib Governorate, Syria[5]
Result

Indecisive

Belligerents
Syrian Liberation Front
Suqour al-Sham Brigades[1][2]
Sham Legion

Tahrir al-Sham

Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria (alleged)[3][4]
Commanders and leaders

Hassan Soufan[12]
(SLF general commander)
Inad Darwaish (Ahrar al-Sham military commander) Khaled Omar Abu al-Yaman

Abu Walid al-Homsi 
better source needed]
Abu Turab al-Masri †[14]

Abu Mohammad al-Julani

Abu Abdullah al-Iraqi
(Aleppo sector leader)
Fawaz al-Asfar †
Abu Abdul Rahman al-Maghrebi (
better source needed
]
Abu Ahed Taqiqa †
Abu Ouways al-Maghrbi †
Abu al-Yaman al-Ansari †[15]

Bashir al-Shahnah 
better source needed
]
Units involved
 Unknown
Strength
1,000 fighters 1,500 fighters
30 tanks
better source needed
]
Casualties and losses
174–225 killed[18][19] 231–750 killed[18][19]
26 civilians killed[18]

On 19 February 2018, heavy clashes erupted between the newly established

better source needed
]

Background

See also: Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017) and Idlib Governorate clashes (January–March 2017)

Tahrir al-Sham was formed by five

Salafist rebel groups in Syria, including the al-Nusra Front and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement, on 28 January 2017.[21] During clashes between Tahrir al-Sham and Ahrar al-Sham, however, Nour al-Din al-Zenki refused to fight Ahrar al-Sham and defected from HTS.[22] Violent clashes then erupted between Zenki and HTS in western Aleppo and northern Idlib between August and November 2017.[23]

On 18 February 2018, Ahrar al-Sham and the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement announced a merger which established the Syrian Liberation Front. According to Sam Heller of the International Crisis Group, the formation of the Syrian Liberation Front was an attempt by Ahrar al-Sham and the Zenki Movement to create a "counterweight" against the dominance of Tahrir al-Sham in northwestern Syria. HTS reportedly prepared to attack Zenki prior to the merger.[24]

IEDs and attempted to assassinate Tahrir Al-Sham members via this method, and that they are responsible for killing a Tahrir Al-Sham official named Abu Ayman Al-Masri after attacking a court house, a child, and a teacher from a religious college. The statement also said that the Zenki movement is being hypocritical regarding affairs in Idlib and the siege in East Ghouta by not sending fighters to Ghouta but rather deploying them to attack Tahrir al-Sham, they also condemned the Zenki movement for their support of de-escalation zones.[25][26] Ahrar al-Sham also released a statement about their support for the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement and plans to expel Tahrir al-Sham from the area.[27] The Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement denied the claims made by HTS such as assisting YPG fighters in fighting HTS, as well as the claims about killing HTS members, with the group's spokesman stating the deaths occurred as a result of mistaken identities and confusion over whom the individuals killed actually were.[28]

Observers have said that the conflict is possibly being used by Turkey as an opportunity to expand influence over the area with groups aligned with Turkish interests in the area whilst liquidating hard-line groups such as HTS and Al-Qaeda.[29]

Conflict

First phase

The conflict was triggered by the assassination of HTS commander Abu Ayman al-Masri on 16 February 2018, by Nour al-Din al-Zenki. The commander's wife was also wounded during the attack that killed him.[30][31]

February

On 19 February 2018, a day after the Syrian Liberation Front was established, clashes erupted between the SLF and HTS in western Aleppo and northern Idlib. By 21 February, the SLF, with support from Suqour al-Sham, captured the city of

Ariha and Tramla, and the Wadi Deif military base near Maarrat al-Nu'man following HTS withdrawal.[5] Meanwhile, in western Aleppo, HTS captured the villages of Kafr Laha, Basratun, Uwayjil and Taqad from the SLF.[10]

On
Telegram that "There are no problems between us and Ahrar al-Sham", and that Ahrar al-Sham fighters assisting the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement are "nothing more than individuals whose motivations are clear." This was said despite Ahrar al-Sham as a whole merging with the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement in forming the Syrian Liberation Front.[5]

On 20 February the Syrian Liberation Front accused Tahrir al-Sham of capturing its members at checkpoints.[32]

On 24 February, Hassan Soufan, general commander of the Syrian Liberation Front, called on the Sham Legion, who did not comment on the clashes, to side with the SLF against HTS.[12]

During a brief battle on 26 February, mere hours after the loss of

self-propelled guns and infantry fighting vehicles.[33]

On 27 February, HTS withdrew from the city of Khan Shaykhun, and was expelled from western Aleppo, although it repelled the SLF advance on al-Dana.[34][35][36] During the last day of February, HTS launched a large-scale counter-offensive, capturing settlements of Kafr Losen, Aqrabat, Deir Hassan, and Qah, as well as attacking the town of Atmeh.[37]

HTS also handed over

Morek to the Army of Glory and the SLF.[citation needed
]

March

On 1 March, HTS released between 150 and 180

better source needed
]

On 2 March, Tahrir al-Sham advanced to the outskirts of the SLF stronghold of

Syrian government
and not get involved in the infighting while still remaining in their respective factions.

The newly formed

better source needed
]

As Atarib was surrounded on all sides by HTS, HTS has also announced plans to take Darat Izza and the Aleppo suburbs by force.

Turkish military operation in Afrin in an interview a representative from the tribal fighters was asked about the situation in Idlib to which he said "we were asked to be ready to go there (Idlib)" he added, "If there is an internal order to fight HTS, we will participate".[43][44]

On 3 March, the SLF (specifically the Nour al-Din al-Zenki) took advantage of HTS forces being off-balance. Attacked west of Kafr Nabl, the SLF captured three towns along a road, further isolating HTS garrisons in southern Idlib governorate.

better source needed] A media channel linked to SLF and Suqour al-Sham claimed the killing of 3 HTS commanders in Jabal Zawiya.[15]

On 4 March, HTS launched a large-scale counter-offensive in Idlib and Aleppo, reportedly recapturing 50 towns and villages.

better source needed
]

On 7 March, Tahrir al-Sham captured settlements of Kafr Naha, al-Sa’adiyah and A’jil from SLF in the Aleppo Governorate, as well as housing complexes of al-Arman, al-Fursan and al-Rahal.[50]

On 8 March, reports emerged Tahrir al-Sham released 50

better source needed
]

On 11 March, fighting resumed and several SLF members surrendered to HTS.

better source needed
]

On 17 March, Faylaq al-Sham mediated a ceasefire agreement between Tahrir al-Sham and the Syrian Liberation Front. The agreement includes release of prisoners on both sides, cessation of attacks, and opening of roads leading to the front lines with the Syrian Arab Army and its allies.

better source needed
]

Second phase

March

On 19 March, two days after the cease fire agreement Ahrar al-Sham arrested a Tahrir al-Sham commander named Yusuf al-Abdullah as he was trying to flee areas under control of the

better source needed
]

On 22 March, reports emerged that Tahrir al-Sham and SLF are expected to resume clashing soon, as the temporary ceasefire ended today as the parties were unable to successfully negotiate a truce. Suqour al-Sham blamed Hayat Tahrir al-Sham's leader, Abu Muhammad al-Jolani for the cease fire falling apart because he refused the SLF's proposals and demanded that SLF hands over localities they captured from Tahrir al-Sham.

better source needed
]

On 23 March, Tahrir al-Sham clashed with SLF in the western part of the Aleppo Governorate, 100 people gathered to demonstrate against Tahrir al-Sham in Atarib near the headquarters of Tahrir al-Sham and they opened fire on the demonstrators injuring one while they shelled the 46th regiment base. On the same day unknown gunmen stormed the headquarters of the

better source needed] Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan told US President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin that after the military operation in Afrin is complete that his next goal is to take both Idlib and Manbij.[57][58]

On 24 March, a

better source needed
]

On 26 March, in the Idlib Governorate anti-HTS forces began pushing towards the

better source needed
]

On 27 March, the Syrian Liberation Front repelled an assault by Tahrir al-Sham in the Aleppo Governorate however HTS managed to kill two commanders from SLF while SLF was able to kill 6 HTS elements. Three civilians died as a result of SLF and HTS shelling one another in Darat Izza. In the

better source needed
]

On 29 March, HTS kidnapped the director of the Morek crossing in hopes to promote a prisoner exchange with SLF, however SLF did not respond to HTS.

better source needed
] On 30 March, in the western parts of the Aleppo Governorate protests were held against HTS, its leader, well as the Assad Government. While in the Idlib Governorate protests were also held demanding that Turkey intervenes in the Governorate.[64]

On 31 March, clashes occurred around Darat Izza between SLF and HTS. In the Idlib and Hama Governorates HTS raided several SLF positions and arrested 3 individuals part of the group.

better source needed
]

April

On 1 April, another cease-fire was mediated by the Sham Legion and several scholars, the cease-fire also included Suqour al-Sham and began at 6:00pm Syrian time.

better source needed] On 2 April, fighting resumed between SLF and HTS, SLF accused HTS of detaining members of a delegate that were supposed to meet with a delegation from HTS.[67]

On 4 April, several civic activists, scholars, and other community leaders launched an initiative called the "Union of Popular Initiatives" and they call on both SLF and HTS to stop fighting, SLF has stated they agree with the initiative, HTS has remained silent on it.

better source needed
]

On 7 April, the Sham Legion negotiated another cease-fire agreement between Tahrir al-Sham and the Syrian Liberation Front. The cease-fire is set to last a week and both parties are expected to come to a longterm agreement.

better source needed
]

On 9 April, There was an explosion in the vicinity of the Al-Rahman mosque in a neighborhood of Idlib. At least ten civilians were killed and more than 50 were wounded by the explosion;

better source needed
] the perpetrators are unknown.

On 11 April, Tahrir al-Sham arrested incoming

better source needed
]

On 15 April, Tahrir al-Sham launched a massive offensive against the Syrian Liberation Front and Suqour al-Sham in the southern part of the Idlib Governorate, capturing several towns and villages, the SLF and Suqour al-Sham were able to repel an attack on

Murak.[73][74] Since the start of the conflict in February,[75] at least 196 members of Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham and 148 members of Jabhat Tahrir Souriya have been killed in southern Idlib and western Aleppo provinces, according to SOHR, amidst heavy clashes between the dominant opposition groups.[76]

On 16 April, the Syrian Liberation Front recaptured a few villages in western Aleppo from Tahrir al-Sham and claims to have killed 3 individuals linked to the

better source needed
]

By 18 April, casualties in Idlib since the start of fighting on 18 February (according to pro-rebel media) had reached 750 HTS fighters killed, 225 SLF fighters killed, and 3,000 fighters on both sides wounded. 10 tanks and five other armored vehicles were also destroyed.[19]

On 19 April, there was an explosion outside a mosque in Idlib city, on the same day demonstrations against HTS were held in Sarmada after HTS was accused of abusing a shop owner there, HTS opened fire injuring five civilians.

better source needed
]

On 24 April, both groups signed another cease fire agreement, agreeing to end all aggression, the leaders of both groups Soufan and Joulani both signed the agreement.[20]

Post-ceasefire assassinations

On 26 April, several assassinations took place targeting both HTS and SLF as well as the

better source needed
]

On 27 April, after a mass assassination campaign against multiple opposition groups in Idlib began, an

better source needed] On 29 April, the assassinations for the 4th continued day, with the killing of 2 Hayyaat Tahrir Al-Sham members and a lieutenant from the SAA who defected, by an IED.[81] According to the SOHR over 30 people have died in selective assassinations after the ceasefire took place.[81]

On 1 May, unknown gunmen assassinated a member of HTS.

better source needed
]

On 3 May, a

better source needed
]

Third phase

Main article: National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict

In January 2019, HTS seized control of dozens of villages from Nour al-Din al-Zenki, forcing National Front for Liberation to sign a ceasefire deal. [1]. HTS seized control of Idlib province on 10 January right after the ceasefire.[citation needed]

See also

References

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