Tacca leontopetaloides

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Polynesian arrowroot

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Dioscoreales
Family: Dioscoreaceae
Genus: Tacca
Species:
T. leontopetaloides
Binomial name
Tacca leontopetaloides
(L.) Kuntze, 1891[2]
Synonyms[3]
  • Chaitaea tacca Sol. ex Seem.
  • Chaitea tacca Solander ex Parkinson
  • Leontice leontopetaloides L.
  • Tacca abyssinica Hochst. ex Baker
  • Tacca artocarpifolia Seem.
  • Tacca brownii Seem.
  • Tacca dubia Schult. & Schult.f.
  • Tacca gaogao Blanco
  • Tacca guineensis G. Don ex Loudon
  • Tacca hawaiiensis H.Limpr.
  • Tacca involucrata Schumach. & Thonn.
  • Tacca maculata Zipp. ex Span. nom. inval.
  • Tacca madagascariensis (H.Limpr.) H.Limpr.
  • Tacca madagascariensis Bojer
  • Tacca oceanica Seem.
  • Tacca phallifera Schult. & Schult.f.
  • Tacca pinnatifida J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
  • Tacca pinnatifolia Gaertn.
  • Tacca quanzensis Welw.
  • Tacca umbrarum Jum. & H.Perrier
  • Tacca viridis Hemsl.

Tacca leontopetaloides is a species of

canoe plants throughout the Indo-Pacific tropics by Austronesian peoples during prehistoric times. They have become naturalized to tropical Africa, South Asia, northern Australia, and Oceania.[2] Common names include Polynesian arrowroot, Fiji arrowroot, East Indies arrowroot, pia,[4] and seashore bat lily.[5]

History of cultivation

Polynesian arrowroot is an ancient

Austronesian expansion during prehistoric times (c. 5,000 BP), including Micronesia, Polynesia, and Madagascar. Polynesian arrowroot have been identified as among the cultivated crops in Lapita sites in Palau, dating back to 3,000 to 2,000 BP.[6] It was also introduced to Sri Lanka, southern India, and possibly also Australia through trade and contact.[7]

Polynesian arrowroot was a minor staple among Austronesians. The roots are bitter if not prepared properly, thus it was only cultivated as a secondary crop to staples like

Pacific Islands, where food plants were scarcer, and it was introduced to virtually all the inhabited islands. They were valued for their ability to grow in low islands and atolls, and were often the staple crops in islands with these conditions. In larger islands, they were usually allowed to grow wild and were useful only as famine food. Several cultivars have been developed in Polynesia due to the centuries of artificial selection. The starch extracted from the root with traditional methods can last for a very long time, and thus can be stored or traded.[6] The starch can be cooked in leaves to make starchy puddings, similar to the use of starch extracted from sago palms (Metroxylon sagu).[8] Due to the introduction of modern crops, it is rarely cultivated today.[6]

Description

Tuber.

The tubers are round, hard and potato-like, with a brown skin and white interior.[4][5] In December, the plant is dormant, the leaves and stalks dry up and die down to the ground until March when new leaves grow back.[9]: 387 

The leaves are "palmately incised and/or divided into 3-13 lobes, each lobe pinnately divided into numerous smaller ones".[9]: 401  Several petioles 17–150 cm (6.7–59.1 in) in length extend from the center of the plant which look like giant celery, on which the large leaves (30–70 cm or 12–28 in long and up to 120 cm or 47 in wide) are attached.[5] The leaf's upper surface has depressed veins, and the under surface is shiny with bold yellow veins.

Umbels

bracteoles 1 cm long.[4][5]

The fruit emerges from the bracts, each fruit are globular 4–5 cm long.[4][5] The fruits ripen and turn from pale or dark green to pale orange. Each fruit produces many flat, ribbed and yellowish brown seeds 5–8 mm long.[9]: 378 

  • Inflorescence (umbel)
    Inflorescence (umbel)
  • Flower with 6 tepals, 6 stamens and 3-lobed stigma
    Flower with 6 tepals, 6 stamens and 3-lobed stigma
  • Infructescence
    Infructescence

Uses

The tubers of Polynesian arrowroot contain

cornstarch
.

The starch was additionally used to stiffen fabrics, and on some islands, the stem's bast fibres were woven into mats.

In traditional Hawaiian medicine the raw

colon and applied to wounds to stop bleeding.[4]

See also

Notes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tacca leontopetaloides.
  1. ^ Contu, S. (2013). "Tacca leontopetaloides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T44392847A44503085. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Tacca leontopetaloides". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2009-11-17.
  3. ^ "Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze". World Flora Online. World Flora Consortium. 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d e "Tacca leontopetaloides (Dioscoreaceae)". Meet the Plants. National Tropical Botanical Garden. Archived from the original on 5 October 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2009.
  5. ^ a b c d e Tan, Ria (13 January 2022). "Seashore bat lily (Tacca leontopetaloides)". Wild Singapore. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
  6. ^
    hdl:1885/159550
    .
  7. ^ Spennemann, Dirk H.R. (1994). "Traditional Arrowroot Production and Utilization in the Marshall Islands". Journal of Ethnobiology. 14 (2): 211–234.
  8. ISBN 9789820201064
    .
  9. ^ a b c d Drenth, E. (1972). "A revision of the family Taccaceae". Blumea. 20 (2): 367–406.
  10. ^ Brennan 2000, pp. 252–267

References

  • Brennan, Jennifer (2000). Tradewinds & Coconuts: A Reminiscence & Recipes from the Pacific Islands. Periplus.
    ISBN 962-593-819-2
    .    .

External links

Media related to Tacca leontopetaloides at Wikimedia Commons

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