Taspar Qaghan

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Taspar Qaghan
Amrak
HouseAshina
FatherBumin Qaghan
ReligionBuddhism

Taspar Qaghan (

Wade-Giles: t'o-po k'o-han) was the third son of Bumin Qaghan and Wei Changle (長樂公主), and the fourth khagan of the Turkic Khaganate (572–581).[6]

Reign

His reign saw further rise of Turkic power even to the point calling both Zhou and Qi emperors as his sons.[7][8] He appointed his nephews Ashina Shetu as Erzhu khagan to east and Börü khagan to west as lesser khagans.[8]

He switched his alliance from Zhou to Qi. Sent a horse as gift in 572 and granted defeated Qi prince Gao Shaoyi asylum. He transferred the former Northern Qi subjects, whether they fled to or were captured to Tujue, to be under Gao Shaoyi's command. However, he still maintained good relationship with Zhou, sending another horse as gift in 574.[8]

Around the new year 578, Gao Baoning, sent a petition to Gao Shaoyi, requesting that he take imperial title. Gao Shaoyi therefore declared himself emperor, with military assistance from Tujue.

Taspar attacked Zhou repeatedly until spring 579, when he sought peace with Northern Zhou. Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou created the daughter of his uncle Yuwen Zhao (宇文招) the Princess Qianjin, offering to give her to Taspar in marriage if khagan would be willing to surrender Gao Shaoyi. Khagan refused.

In 580, after Emperor Xuan's death, Yang Jian, the regent for Emperor Xuan's son Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou, nevertheless sent Princess Qianjin to Tujue to marry Tuobo Khan. After the marriage, Yang then sent the official Heruo Yi (賀若誼) to Tujue to bribe khagan to give up Gao Shaoyi. Khagan agreed, and as a ruse, he invited Gao Shaoyi to a hunt, but instead had Heruo Yi capture Gao Shaoyi. In fall 580, Gao Shaoyi was delivered to Northern Zhou's capital Chang'an, and he was exiled to modern Sichuan.

Taspar died in 581 from illness, leaving throne to his nephew Talopien.

Legacy

Unlike his father and older brothers he embraced

Chinese culture, especially Buddhism. He was converted to Buddhism[9][10] by the Qi monk Huilin, for whom he built a pagoda. Taspar's death marked the beginning of a long decline and subjugation of the Göktürks to China. During his reign there was a flood of Sogdian Manichean refugees from Persia and Buddhist refugees from Qi and Zhou, both the result of pogroms. These Sogdians devised the Göktürk Runes to write the Turkic language, for translations of the sutras to Turkic, notably the Nirvana Sutra in 575.[8]

Succession

Main article: Göktürk civil war

Taspar's death created a dynastic crisis in the khaganate. His Chinese wife

Amrak
as the next khagan. Talopien's faction did not recognize Amrak. This crisis ultimately resulted in the civil war of 581-603, which greatly weakened the state.

Family

He had at least two issues:

References

  1. ^ Kljaštornyj, S.G. and Livšic, V.A. (1972) Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae (1972) "The Sogdian Inscription of Bugut", Tomus XXVI (1), p. 74 of pp. 69— 102 open access
  2. ISBN 978-1-878986-01-6
    , p. 97, 100.
  3. ^ Vovin, Alexander. "A Sketch of the Earliest Mongolic Languages: the Brahmi Bugut and Khuis Tolgoi Inscriptions". Academia.edu. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  4. ^ Ethno Cultural Dictionary, TÜRIK BITIG
  5. ^ 布古特所出粟特文突厥可汗纪功碑考_百度文库
  6. ISBN 9783879972838
    .
  7. ^ Book of Zhou, Volume 50
  8. ^
    OCLC 33892575
    .
  9. ISBN 0-19-517726-6
    .
  10. ISBN 978-1-56639-832-9
    .
  11. ^ Suzuki, Kosetsu. "On the Genealogical Line of Türks' Ashina Simo: The Royal Genealogy of the First Türkic Qaγanate and the Ordos Region during the Tang Period" (PDF). The Toyo Gakuho. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
Taspar Qaghan
Preceded by
Khagan of the Turkic Khaganate

572–581 		Succeeded by
Amrak
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