Yukuk Shad

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Irbis Dulu Qaghan
乙毗咄陆可汗
Qaghan of the Western Turkic Khaganate (Dulu faction)
Reign634 – 642 (as Dulu khagan)
642 – 653 (as Kunduz ruler)
PredecessorIshbara Tolis
SuccessorAshina Helu (as khagan)
Zhenzhu Yabgu (in Kunduz)
BornAshina Yugu
阿史那欲谷
Died653
Kunduz
IssueZhenzhu Yabgu
HouseAshina
FatherIllig Qaghan
ReligionTengrism

Yukuk Shad (r. 638–642, died 653) reigned in the final days of the

Gumilyov,[1][2] or means "venerable", according to Gabain.[3] His full title was 乙毗咄陆可汗 or Yipi Duolu Kehan (Zuev's reconstructed Old Turkic: *Yelbi Turuk Qaghan).[4]

Early days

He was the son of

Tien shan
but was defeated and fled.

Invitation from the West

After the death of

Dulu and the Nushibi factions. Ishbara Tolis who became the khagan in 634 tried to increase his authority by the support of Nushibi. But his camp was raided and he had to escape to Fergana (in modern Uzbekistan).[6] But even after his escape, the leaders of the ten tribes preferred a khagan from the Ashina
house to maintain the delicate balance between the two wings. Yukuk's name was proposed by a certain Tun Tudun. Yukuk whose father's territory had long been lost readily accepted the invitation. But it soon turned out that although he was welcome by Dulu, Nushibi tribes opposed him.

Yukuk as a khagan

After a civil war between the two wings of the Onok,

Tang China, saw this as a chance to overthrow Yukuk. They elected Irbis Seguy (Ilig Beg Shekuei Qaghan) as they khagan. This election meant the end of Onok union. Initially they attacked Yukuk and forced him to escape to Isfijab (Sayram in modern Kazakhstan). They further laid a siege on Istijab . But although Yukuk got no help from Tulo tribes he managed to defeat them. After this victory, Yukuk tried to regain Tulo support. But Tulo leaders rejected his proposal. Yukuk, feeling insecure without tribal support, escaped to Kunduz (in modern Afghanistan) in 642.[7]

He then conquered Tuhuoluo (吐火羅; i.e. Bactrian-speaking Tokharoi or Tocharians) and attacked Yiwu in 642, which had by now been converted into Tang's Yi Prefecture (伊州), although his attacks were repelled by the Tang general Guo Xiaoke (郭孝恪).

In 642, he began to suffer dissent within, as he was said to have hoarded the spoils from attacks on the Sogdian states of Kangju (康居) and Maymurgh (米 Mǐ; on the Amu Darya near today Panjakent) and refused to divide them with his subordinates, and when one of his generals, Ashina Nishou (阿史那泥熟) nevertheless seized some, Ashina Yugu executed him, causing Ashina Nishou's subordinate Huluwu (胡祿屋) to rebel. The rebels sought aid from Tang, and Emperor Taizong created El Kulug Shad's son as Irbis Sheguy khagan. Yukuk initially prevailed in battle against Yipishekui Khan, but the rebels refused to submit despite the defeats, and Yukuk eventually withdrew and took up position in former Tuhuoluo territory.

Later years

New khagan initially attacked Yukuk and forced him to escape to Isfijab (Sayram in modern Kazakhstan). They further laid a siege on Isfijab . But although Yukuk got no help from Tulu tribes he managed to defeat them. After this victory, Yukuk tried to regain Tulu support. But Tulu leaders rejected his proposal. Yukuk, feeling insecure without tribal support, escaped to Kunduz (in modern Afghanistan) in 642.[8] He spent the rest of his life in Kunduz and died in 653. His heir was Zhenzhu Yabgu, who was one of the last representatives of the family. But his authority was limited to a single city.

References

  1. OCLC 52822672.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  2. ^ Gumilyov, L.I. Drevnie Tyurki Ch. 33 (in Russian)
  3. OCLC 1655044
    .
  4. ^ Zuev Yu. A., The strongest tribe, p. 55-56, Almaty, 2004. In Russian
  5. ISBN 975-406-563-2
    p.634 (in Turkish)
  6. ISBN 975-8839-03-9
    p 104 (in Turkish)
  7. ISBN 975-7856-39-8
    pp.273-275 (in Turkish)
  8. ISBN 975-7856-39-8
    pp.273-275 (in Turkish)
Yukuk Shad
Preceded by
Khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate

638–642 		Succeeded by
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