Teruel
Teruel | ||
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Postal code 44001 - 44003 | ||
| Dialing code | 978 | |
| Official language(s) | Spanish | |
| Website | Official website | |
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Teruel (Spanish:
Teruel is regarded as the "town of
Teruel's remote and mountainous location 915 metres (3,002 feet)
History
The area around Teruel has been populated since the times of the Celtiberians, who called it Turboleta. The place-name Turboleta could come from the Basque-Iberian term itur + olu + eta (place of the water source, spring), according to the theory of Basque-Iberism. The area was later occupied by the Romans, who left remains in nearby towns, such as Cella.
Some authors claim that in the location of the current city of Teruel (specifically its Jewish quarter) was originally called Tirwal, a name that would have come from the Arabic word meaning "tower."[4] A Muslim enclave is said to have existed in that location in the year 935. However, the corresponding archaeological sites found there belong to a defensive structure, not a population center.
On October 1, 1171,
The foundation of Teruel marked an unprecedented change in the political and territorial structure of southern Aragon. The predominance of Albarracín and Alfambra during the Muslim era was replaced by that of the newly-founded cities, Teruel in particular, to the detriment of Alfambra, which would remain in the background under the organizing principle of manorialism.[5]
According to one legend, Teruel was founded when all the wise and important people of the town came together to look for signs and omens. The omen they found favorable was a bull, mooing from atop a high place with a star shining on it from above. The high place where they found the bull was eventually made into the town’s main square. According to some authors, the name of the city has its origins in this meeting, since the combination of the words “bull” (toro) and the name of the star, "Actuel," would make "Toroel," which could become "Toruel." The legend of this encounter also explains the star and bull on the city’s flag and coat of arms.
The inhabitants of Teruel intervened in the conquest of
The Jewish Quarter of Teruel still preserves its name, and many archaeological sites have been found there. In the Middle Ages, Teruel possessed a prominent Jewish community, which was robust during the centuries Muslims were in power and enjoyed several privileges. Later on after the Christian reconquest of Spain, the Jewish community paid a yearly tax of 300
Teruel was fought over in the Spanish Civil War, and much of the city was destroyed. The Battle of Teruel in December 1937-February 1938, was one of the bloodiest of the war. The town changed hands several times, first falling to the Republicans and eventually being re-taken by the Nationalists. In the course of the fighting, Teruel was subjected to heavy artillery and aerial bombardment. The two sides suffered up to 140,000 casualties between them in the three-month battle. The Nationalists won a decisive victory.
Climate
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According to the
The temperature records registered at the Observatory of Teruel were 41.3 °C (106.3 °F) on August 14, 2021[7] and −21 °C (−5.8 °F) on January 12, 2021.[8]
| Climate data for Teruel 918m (1986-2010) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.4 (70.5) |
23.8 (74.8) |
28.0 (82.4) |
30.1 (86.2) |
35.8 (96.4) |
38.8 (101.8) |
39.0 (102.2) |
41.3 (106.3) |
36.7 (98.1) |
31.0 (87.8) |
25.1 (77.2) |
20.3 (68.5) |
41.3 (106.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.7 (49.5) |
12.1 (53.8) |
15.7 (60.3) |
17.0 (62.6) |
21.8 (71.2) |
27.0 (80.6) |
31.3 (88.3) |
30.7 (87.3) |
25.3 (77.5) |
19.3 (66.7) |
13.4 (56.1) |
9.9 (49.8) |
19.4 (66.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.7 (38.7) |
5.3 (41.5) |
8.2 (46.8) |
9.9 (49.8) |
14.3 (57.7) |
18.7 (65.7) |
22.2 (72.0) |
22.0 (71.6) |
17.6 (63.7) |
12.7 (54.9) |
7.2 (45.0) |
4.2 (39.6) |
12.2 (54.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.3 (27.9) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
0.8 (33.4) |
2.8 (37.0) |
6.8 (44.2) |
10.5 (50.9) |
13.0 (55.4) |
13.2 (55.8) |
9.9 (49.8) |
6.0 (42.8) |
0.9 (33.6) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
4.9 (40.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −21.0 (−5.8) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
1.4 (34.5) |
1.8 (35.2) |
4.6 (40.3) |
3.0 (37.4) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−19.0 (−2.2) |
−21.0 (−5.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 19 (0.7) |
15 (0.6) |
21 (0.8) |
39 (1.5) |
57 (2.2) |
46 (1.8) |
26 (1.0) |
34 (1.3) |
36 (1.4) |
47 (1.9) |
22 (0.9) |
19 (0.7) |
378 (14.9) |
| Source 1: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[9]
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| Source 2: | |||||||||||||
Main sights
The beauty of the town's cultural inheritance, which has some
One of Teruel's best known monuments is very small statue of a bull on top of a tall column, known as El Torico ("the little bull"). It is located in the main square, Plaza Carlos Castell, more commonly known as the Plaza del Torico in the middle of the town center.
Other sights include:
- Torre de El Salvador (14th century), in mudéjar style[12]
- Cathedral: Catedral de Santa María de Teruel, in mudéjar style
- San Pedro, a mudéjar church (16th century) with a tower similar to that of the cathedral. It includes a mausoleum, Mausoleo de Los Amantes, housing the mummified bodies of Isabel de Segura (a wealthy woman) and Diego de Marcilla (a poor man who battled at Crusades to earn some money with the intention to return to get married with Isabel) whose love ended tragically. This story is known as los amantes de Teruel and has inspired writers (for example Hartzenbusch) and an opera composed by Tomás Bretón.
- Church of La Merced, with a bell tower in mudéjar style (the upper sector added later in Baroque style).
- Church of San Salvador (17th century), with one of the most outstanding mudéjar towers. It houses a 14th-century wooden sculpture of Christ.
- Church of San Martín (17th century).
- Torre de San Martín (14th century), in mudéjar style
- Church of San Miguel (12th century), remade in the 17th century in Baroque style.
- Castillo de Alambes, a 15th-century fortification built over the Arabic Alcazar.
- Casa El Torico, Casa Ferrán and Casa La Madrileña, 1910s liberty style houses
- Palace of the Marquis of Tosos (17th century)
- The Gothic church of St. Francis (1391–1492). It has a single nave with chapels covered by a ribbed vault with no crossing.
- Los Arcos, an aqueduct with two orders of arcade from 1538.
On the outskirts of Teruel is Dinópolis Teruel, a combined
- Sights of Teruel
-
El Torico Fountain -
Mudéjar Tower of El Salvador (14th century) -
Glass roof of the museum of religious art in Teruel -
La Escalinata
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Education and research
A branch of the University of Zaragoza is located in Teruel. The Aragon Center for Physics of the Cosmos (CEFCA in Spanish), which conducts research in astrophysics and cosmology is also located in Teruel. CEFCA operates the Astrophysical Observatory of Javalambre (OAJ), which is located in the south of the Teruel province and recognized[14] as a national Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure.
Transportation
Teruel Airport opened in 2013, after being repurposed from an original military airbase; it is primarily an aircraft storage and maintenance facility, with no passenger traffic.
Notable people
- Alba Bautista (born 2002), rhythmic gymnast and world bronze medalist
- David Civera (born 1979), singer
- Manuel Macías y Casado (1844-1937), general and military governor
- Luis Milla (born 1966), association football player and manager
- Javier Sierra (born 1971), journalist and writer
See also
- La Vaquilla del Ángel
- Diocese of Teruel and Albarracín.
- Lovers of Teruel
- Battle of Teruel
References
- ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
- ^ Photographer/Writer, Lori Needleman (2016-06-29). "Move Over San Fermín: There's Another Fiesta In Spain -- La Vaquilla Del Ángel". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2016-11-27.
- ^ "Teruel".
- ISBN 84-86982-64-2.
- ISBN 978-84-8010-264-3.
- ^ "TERUEL - JewishEncyclopedia.com". www.jewishencyclopedia.com.
- ^ a b "Teruel bate con 41,3º su récord de temperatura más alta por segundo día consecutivo" [Teruel beats its highest temperature record with 41.3º for the second consecutive day] (in Spanish). Diario de Teruel. 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
- ^ "España sufre su día más gélido en los últimos 20 años, con ocho capitales a 10º bajo cero" [Spain suffers its coldest day in the last 20 years, with eight capitals at 10º below zero] (in Spanish). El País. 12 January 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
- ^ "Valores climatológicos normales. Teruel". Aemet.es. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ Meteorología, Agencia Estatal de. "Teruel: Teruel - Valores extremos absolutos - Selector - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología - AEMET. Gobierno de España". www.aemet.es.
- ISBN 9780313319631.
- ^ "Torre mudéjar de El Salvador, Patrimonio Mundial de la Humanidad". www.teruelmudejar.com.
- ^ "ELMUNDO.ES/METROPOLI - Como hace un millón de años". www.elmundo.es.
- ^ "Javalambre's Astrophysics Observatory gets national recognition". Heraldo Teruel. 2014-10-08. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
External links
- English World Heritage Centre
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