The Allman Brothers Band
The Allman Brothers Band | |
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Years active |
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Labels | |
Spinoffs | |
Past members | Duane Allman Gregg Allman Dickey Betts Jaimoe Berry Oakley Butch Trucks Chuck Leavell Lamar Williams David Goldflies Dan Toler Mike Lawler David "Frankie" Toler Warren Haynes Johnny Neel Allen Woody Marc Quiñones Oteil Burbridge Jack Pearson Derek Trucks Jimmy Herring |
Website | allmanbrothersband |
The Allman Brothers Band was an American rock band formed in Jacksonville, Florida, in 1969[3] by brothers Duane Allman (founder, slide guitar and lead guitar) and Gregg Allman (vocals, keyboards, songwriting), as well as Dickey Betts (lead guitar, vocals, songwriting), Berry Oakley (bass), Butch Trucks (drums), and Jai Johanny "Jaimoe" Johanson (drums). Subsequently, based in Macon, Georgia, they incorporated elements of blues, jazz and country music and their live shows featured jam band-style improvisation and instrumentals.
Their first two studio releases, The Allman Brothers Band (1969) and Idlewild South (1970) (both released by Capricorn Records), stalled commercially but their 1971 live release At Fillmore East was an artistic and commercial breakthrough. It features extended versions of their songs "In Memory of Elizabeth Reed" and "Whipping Post", showcasing the group's jamming style.
Group leader Duane Allman was killed in a motorcycle accident later that year – on October 29, 1971 – and the band dedicated radio staples and placed the group at the forefront of 1970s rock music. Internal turmoil overtook them soon after as the group dissolved in 1976, reformed briefly at the end of the decade with additional personnel changes and broke up again in 1982.
The band re-formed once more in 1989, releasing a string of new albums and touring heavily. A series of personnel changes in the late 1990s was capped by the departure of Betts. The group found stability during the 2000s with bassist Oteil Burbridge and guitarists Warren Haynes and Derek Trucks (the nephew of their original drummer) and became renowned for their month-long string of shows at New York City's Beacon Theatre each spring. The band retired for good in October 2014 after their final show at the Beacon Theatre.
Butch Trucks died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound on January 24, 2017, in West Palm Beach, Florida at the age of 69. Gregg Allman died from complications arising from liver cancer on May 27, 2017, at his home in Georgia, also at 69. Dickey Betts died on April 18, 2024, at age 80, from cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The band was awarded seven gold and four platinum albums,[4] and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995. Rolling Stone ranked them 52nd on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time in 2004.[5]
History
Roots and formation (1965–1969)
Duane Allman and his younger brother Gregg grew up in
At FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Duane Allman became the primary session guitarist, recording with artists such as Aretha Franklin and King Curtis.[7][12] Duane suggested to Wilson Pickett they record a cover of "Hey Jude" by the Beatles; the single went to number 23 on the national charts.[13] FAME signed Duane to a five-year recording contract, and he put together a group, including drummer Johnny Sandlin and keyboardist Paul Hornsby. Duane recruited Jai Johanny Johanson (Jaimoe) after hearing his drumming on a songwriting demo of Jackie Avery, and the two moved into his home on the Tennessee River. Allman invited bassist Berry Oakley to jam with the new group; the pair had met in a Macon, Georgia club some time earlier, and became quick friends.[14] The group had immediate chemistry, and Duane's vision for a "different" band, one with two lead guitarists and two drummers that began evolving.[14] Meanwhile, Phil Walden, the manager of the late Otis Redding and several other R&B acts, was looking to expand into rock acts.[15] FAME owner Rick Hall became frustrated with the group's recording methods, and offered the tracks recorded and their contract to Walden and Jerry Wexler of Atlantic Records, who purchased them for $10,000.[16] Walden intended the upcoming group to be the centerpiece of his new Atlantic-distributed label, Capricorn.[17]
Duane and Jaimoe moved to
Debut and early years (1969–1970)
The group moved to Macon, Georgia by May 1, where Walden was establishing Capricorn Records.[25] Kim Payne, Mike Callahan and Joseph "Red Dog" Campbell became the band's early crew members. "Red Dog" was a disabled Vietnam veteran who donated his monthly disability checks to the band's cause.[26][27] In Macon, the group stayed at friend Twiggs Lyndon's apartment on 309 College Street, which became known as the communal home of the band and crew, nicknamed the Hippie Crash Pad.[28] "There were five or six occupied apartments in the building with the Hippie Crash Pad and you would expect they would call the police on us because we were constantly raising hell at three or four in the morning, but they all just moved out," said Trucks.[29] Living meagerly, they found a friend in "Mama Louise" Hudson, cook and proprietor of the H&H Soul Food Restaurant, who ran a tab when they were short of funds,[30] early on made good with proceeds from Duane's recording sessions on the side. The band's image was radical in the just barely integrated Macon: "A lot of the white folk around here did not approve of them long-haired boys, or of them always having a black guy with them," said Hudson.[31] The band performed locally, as well as 80 miles north in Atlanta's Piedmont Park, and practiced at the newly minted Capricorn nearly each day.[30]
The group forged a strong brotherhood, spending countless hours rehearsing, consuming
Executives suggested to Walden that he relocate the band to New York or Los Angeles to "acclimate" them to the industry. "They wanted us to act 'like a rock band' and we just told them to fuck themselves," remembered Trucks.[40] For their part, the members of the band remained optimistic, electing to stay in the South. "Everyone told us we'd fall by the wayside down there," said Gregg Allman,[40] but the collaboration between the band and Capricorn Records "transformed Macon from this sleepy little town into a very hip, wild and crazy place filled with bikers and rockers".[41] The band rented a $165-a-month farmhouse on a lake outside of Macon, the busy comings and goings at which reminded them of New York City's Idlewild Airport.[42] Idlewild South was the home of rehearsals and parties, and was "where the brotherhood came to pass," according to roadie Kim Payne; "There was a pact made out there around a campfire—all for one and one for all ... Everybody believed [in the band] 100 percent."[42] Much of the material presented on the band's second album, Idlewild South, originated at the cabin.[42] Oakley's wife rented a large Tudor Revival home on 2321 Vineville Avenue in Macon and the band moved into what they dubbed "the Big House" in March 1970.[43]
Live reputation, At Fillmore East, and breakthrough (1970–1971)
The band played continuously in 1970, performing over 300 dates on the road traveling in a Ford Econoline van and later, a Winnebago, nicknamed the Wind Bag.[44][45] Walden doubted the band's future, worrying whether they would ever catch on, but word of mouth spread due to the band's relentless touring schedule, and crowds got larger.[46] The close proximity of the Winnebago brought about heavy drug use within the group, and all in the group, with the exception of the brothers, were struggling to make a living.[47] In one instance, touring manager Twiggs Lyndon stabbed and killed a promoter for not paying the band; he later cited temporary insanity.[48][49] Later that year, Duane accidentally overdosed on opium after a show.[50] "Idlewild South", produced by Tom Dowd, was recorded gradually over a period of five months in various cities, including New York, Miami, and Macon, and contained two of the band's best-known songs, "Midnight Rider" (later a hit for various artists, including a Top 20 solo effort by Gregg) and "In Memory of Elizabeth Reed", which became one of the band's famous concert numbers.[7]
Idlewild South was issued by Atco and Capricorn Records in September 1970, less than a year after their debut.[42] The album sold only "marginally better than its predecessor, though the band had a growing national reputation and the album included songs that would become staples of the band's repertoire—and eventually of rock radio."[46] Shortly after completing recording, Dowd put Duane in contact with guitarist Eric Clapton, who invited him to contribute to his new project, Derek and the Dominos. Allman was a huge fan of Clapton's work with Cream, and Clapton had been blown away by Allman's session work on Wilson Pickett's "Hey Jude" some years prior.[51] They met after a show one night in Miami and jammed together until the next afternoon,[52] with the two guitarists regarding one another as "instant soulmates".[53] Clapton invited Duane to join Derek and the Dominos, and by several accounts he considered it; in the end, he declined the offer and rejoined the Allman Brothers Band, returning after missing a string of several shows.[54] The sessions were collected on Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs, issued that November.
Their fortunes began to change over the course of 1971, when the band's average earnings doubled.[55] "We realized that the audience was a big part of what we did, which couldn't be duplicated in a studio. A lightbulb finally went off; we needed to make a live album," said Gregg Allman.[56] At Fillmore East was recorded over three nights—March 11, 12 and 13, 1971—at the Fillmore East in New York, for which the band was paid a nightly $1,250.[56] At Fillmore East was released in July 1971 by Capricorn Records as a double album, "people-priced" for the cost of a single LP.[57] While previous albums by the band had taken months to hit the charts (often near the bottom of the top 200), the record started to climb the charts after a matter of days.[58] At Fillmore East peaked at number 13 on Billboard's Top Pop Albums chart, and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America that October, becoming their commercial and artistic breakthrough.[58] The album is considered among the best live albums of all time, and in 2004 was one of the albums selected for preservation in the Library of Congress, deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically important" by the National Recording Registry.[59]
Eat a Peach and Duane Allman's and Berry Oakley's deaths (1971–1972)
Although suddenly very wealthy and successful, many of the band and its entourage now struggled with heroin addiction. Four individuals — group leader Duane Allman, bassist Berry Oakley, and roadies Robert Payne and Red Dog Campbell — checked into the Linwood-Bryant Hospital for rehabilitation in October 1971.[60] On October 29, 1971, Duane Allman, then 24, was killed in a motorcycle accident one day after returning to Macon. Allman was riding his motorcycle at a high speed at the intersection of Hillcrest Avenue and Bartlett Street as a flatbed truck carrying a lumber crane approached.[61] The truck stopped suddenly in the intersection, forcing Allman to swerve his Harley-Davidson Sportster motorcycle sharply to the left to avoid a collision. As he was doing so, he struck either the back of the truck or the ball on the lumber crane and was immediately thrown from the motorcycle.[61] The motorcycle bounced into the air, landed on Allman and skidded another 90 feet with Allman pinned underneath, crushing his internal organs.[62] Though he was alive when he arrived at the hospital, despite immediate emergency surgery, he died several hours later from massive internal injuries.[63]
After Duane's death, the band held a meeting on their future; clearly all wanted to continue, and after a short period, the band returned to the road.[64] "We all had this thing in us and Duane put it there. He was the teacher and he gave something to us—his disciples—that we had to play out," said drummer Butch Trucks.[65] The band returned to Miami in December to complete work on their third studio album.[66] Completing the recording of Eat a Peach raised each member's spirits; "The music brought life back to us all, and it was simultaneously realized by every one of us. We found strength, vitality, newness, reason, and belonging as we worked on finishing Eat a Peach," said Allman.[67] "Those last three songs [...] just kinda floated right on out of us [...] The music was still good, it was still rich, and it still had that energy—it was still the Allman Brothers Band."[67] Released in February 1972, Eat a Peach was the band's second hit album, shipping gold and peaking at number four on Billboard's Top 200 Pop Albums chart.[7] "We'd been through hell, but somehow we were rolling bigger than ever," said Gregg Allman.[68]
The band performed nearly 90 shows in the following year, touring as a five-piece.
Brothers and Sisters, celebrity, and inner turmoil (1973–1976)
The band unanimously decided to carry on and arranged auditions for new bassists, with a renewed fervor and determination. Several bassists auditioned, but the band picked Lamar Williams, an old friend of drummer Jai Johanny Johanson's from Gulfport, Mississippi, two years removed from an Army stint in Vietnam.[77] Chuck Leavell was asked to play piano for Allman's solo album, Laid Back (1973), and gradually found himself contributing to the Allman Brothers as well.[78] Dickey Betts became the group's de facto leader during the recording process. "It's not like Dickey came in and said, 'I'm taking over. I'm the boss. Do this and that.' It wasn't overt; it was still supposedly a democracy, but Dickey started doing more and more of the songwriting," said road manager Willie Perkins.[79] Brothers and Sisters was an enormous success, peaking at number one, resulting in the band becoming "the most popular band in the country."[80] "Ramblin' Man", Betts' country-infused number, received interest from radio stations immediately, and it rose to number two on the Billboard Hot 100.[7]
The Allman Brothers Band returned to touring, playing larger venues, receiving more profit and dealing with less friendship, miscommunication, and spiraling drug problems.
In July 1974 the band visited Europe for the first time. They had planned to tour Britain and Europe at the beginning of that year, but the 1973-4 energy crisis forced a last-minute postponement.[85] They headlined 2 big out-door events. One, the 'Summerconcert '74' at the Sportpark, Hilversum, Holland, on July 18, attended by 20,000 spectators,[86] and the second one, at 'Bucolic Frolic', the first Knebworth Park Festival,[87] on July 20, where they played a well-received three-hour two-set performance in front of 70,000 fans,[88] from all over Europe.[89]
The sessions that produced 1975's Win, Lose or Draw, the last album by the original Allman Brothers Band, were disjointed and inconsistent; Gregg Allman was largely living in Los Angeles and dating pop star Cher, and was, according to biographer Alan Paul, "[becoming] more famous for being famous than for his music."[90] His vocals were recorded there, as he could not be bothered to return to Macon.[7] Upon its release, it was considered subpar and sold less than its predecessor; the band later remarked that they were "embarrassed" about the album.[91]
From August 1975 to May 1976, the Allman Brothers Band played 41 shows to some of the biggest crowds of their career.[92] Gradually, the members of the band grew apart during these tours, with sound checks and rehearsals "[becoming] a thing of the past."[92] Allman later pointed to a benefit for presidential candidate Jimmy Carter (an avowed fan of the group) as the only real "high point" in an otherwise "rough, rough tour." The shows were considered lackluster and the members were excessive in their drug use.[27][93] The "breaking point" came when Gregg Allman testified in the trial of security man Scooter Herring.[7] Bandmates considered him a "snitch", and he received death threats, leading to law-enforcement protection.[94] Herring was convicted on five counts of conspiracy to distribute cocaine and received a 75-year prison sentence, which was later reduced prior to a presidential pardon from Carter.[94] For his part, Allman always maintained that Herring had told him to take the deal to turn state's evidence and that he (Herring) would take the fall; nevertheless, the band refused to communicate with Allman after the incident.[94] As a result, the band finally broke up; Leavell, Williams, and Jaimoe continued playing together in Sea Level, Betts formed Great Southern, and Allman founded the Gregg Allman Band.[95] The 1976 live album Wipe the Windows, Check the Oil, Dollar Gas was seen as "the last gasp of a dying band," which was unfortunate for the now-floundering Capricorn Records, which desperately needed the band together to stay afloat.[96]
First reunion, subsequent break-up, and interim years (1979–1988)
In 1978, Allman and Walden first approached Betts with the idea of a reunion.
Their first Arista effort,
For their second and final album with Arista,
Second reunion and heavy touring (1989–1996)
The Allman Brothers Band celebrated its twentieth anniversary in 1989, and the band reunited for a summer tour, with Jaimoe once again on drums.
The band performed 87 shows in 1991, and 77 the following year.[119] The band did not renew Goldberg's contract as manager, and as a result, their tour manager, Bert Holman, became the band's full-time manager in 1991 and remained so for the rest of their career.[114] Their next studio effort, Shades of Two Worlds (1992), produced the crowd favorite "Nobody Knows".[120] The band also released a live album, An Evening with the Allman Brothers Band: First Set, recorded at their 1992 residency at New York's Beacon Theatre.[121] The band performed ten consecutive shows there (establishing themselves as a "New York rite of spring", according to biographer Alan Paul), which set the stage for their return nearly every year afterward.[121] The band grew contentious over a 1993 tour, in which Betts was arrested when he shoved two police officers.[119] Struggling to find a replacement guitarist, they brought in David Grissom (then touring with John Mellencamp), and also Jack Pearson, a Nashville-based friend of Haynes (the original replacement, Zakk Wylde, filled in for a show but his onstage antics did not fit with the band).[122] Haynes was both opening with his own band and headlining with the Allman Brothers, and began to consider leaving the group, due to their increasing lack of communication.[123]
Despite the growing tension, Haynes remained a member and Betts returned.[124] Their third post-reunion record, Where It All Begins (1994), was recorded entirely live on a film soundstage (without an audience).[124] "The Allman Brothers was a year-by-year thing. There was no indication that it was capable of staying together for years to come. We all looked at it as each tour could be the last one, and there was no reason to think otherwise," said Haynes.[125] The band continued to tour with greater frequency, attracting younger generations with their headlining of the H.O.R.D.E. Festival.[84][125] The group were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in January 1995; Allman was severely inebriated and could not make it through his acceptance speech.[126] Seeing the ceremony broadcast on television later, Allman was mortified, providing a catalyst for his final, successful attempt to quit alcohol and substance abuse. During the 1996 run at the Beacon, turmoil came to a breaking point between Allman and Betts, nearly causing a cancellation of a show and causing another band breakup.[127] "We were upstairs in our dressing rooms [...] I'm sitting there thinking, 'This is it. This is how it finally ends,'" said Trucks.[128] Haynes and Woody left to focus on Gov't Mule, feeling as though a break was imminent with the Allman Brothers Band.[129][130]
Later years (1997–2014)
The group recruited
All involved contend that the break was temporary, but Betts responded by hiring a lawyer and suing the group, which led to a permanent divorce.
This incarnation of the Allman Brothers Band was well-regarded among fans and the general public, and remained stable and productive.[7][84] "This band is the greatest one since Duane and Berry, and why shouldn't it be?" said Jaimoe.[142] The band released their final studio recording, Hittin' the Note (2003), to critical acclaim.[84] The record was the first to feature Derek Trucks and the only Allman Brothers album to not feature Betts.[143] The band continued to tour throughout the 2000s, remaining a top touring act, regularly attracting more than 20,000 fans.[7] The decade closed with a successful run at the Beacon Theatre, in celebration of the band's fortieth anniversary.[144] "That [2009 run] was the most fun I've ever had in that building," said Allman, and it was universally regarded within the band as a career highlight.[145][146][84] The run featured numerous special guests, including Eric Clapton, whom all in the band regarded as the most "special" guest, due to his association with Duane.[147] Allman had a liver transplant in 2010, and suffered health setbacks for the following two years.[148][149] He went to rehab in 2012 for addiction following his medical treatments.[150]
David "Frankie" Toler died at a hospice care in Bradenton, Florida on June 4, 2011, after a long illness following a liver transplant at the age of 59.[151][152][153]
In 2012, the Allman Brothers started their own music festival, The Peach, which features many associated acts and many genres in addition to two Allman Brothers performances. They played a run at the Beacon in 2013 per tradition and after continued to tour.[150] In 2014, Haynes and Derek Trucks announced their intention to depart the group at the end of the year.[154] The group intended their 2014 run of Beacon shows to be their last, but the residency was cut short when Allman developed bronchitis.[155] However, in September 2014, the group played the iconic At Fillmore East album at the Lockn' music festival in Arrington, Virginia.
In early 2014, Warren Haynes and Derek Trucks announced that they would be leaving the band at the end of the year and the group decided to retire from touring. Gregg Allman stated, "This is it—this is the end of it. Forty-five years is enough and I want to do something else anyway."[156] The Allman Brothers Band performed its final show on October 28, 2014, at the Beacon Theatre.[157] The show was the 238th straight sellout for the band at the Beacon.[158] The concert consisted of three sets, comprising mostly music from their first five records,[159] with no guest musicians sitting in. "We had a band meeting and decided no guest sit-ins. We're going out with just the band," Allman told reporters.[160] Following the sets, which ran into the early morning hours, the band joined center stage and took a bow, with Allman recalling the group's first rehearsal 45 years prior:[159] "I was called to come and meet these guys in Jacksonville, Florida, [...] on March 26, 1969. Now, we're gonna do the first song we ever played."[155] Following this, the band performed "Trouble No More" by Muddy Waters. During the night's intermissions, a video screen displayed a message: "The road indeed goes on forever. So stay calm, eat a peach and carry on..."[159]
Subsequent activities
In January 2017, founding member Butch Trucks died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. That May, founding member Gregg Allman died from complications arising from liver cancer at the age of 69, putting an end to any possibilities of a reunion.
In January 2020, the five surviving members of the final Allman Brothers lineup, calling themselves the Brothers, announced their intentions to hold a show to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the band on March 10 at Madison Square Garden.
Following the death of Dickey Betts on April 18, 2024, drummer Jaimoe became the last surviving original member of the Allman Brothers Band.[165]
Musical style and influences
The Allman Brothers Band have generally been considered one of the pioneering bands in Southern rock, although the group distanced itself from the term.[166] Guitarist Dickey Betts was most vocal about this classification, which he considered unfair: "I think it's limiting. I'd rather just be known as a progressive rock band from the South. I'm damned proud of who I am and where I'm from, but I hate the term 'Southern rock.' I think calling us that pigeonholed us and forced people to expect certain types of music from us that I don't think are fair."[166]
Gregg Allman also saw the "Southern rock" tag as redundant, saying it was like saying "rock rock" due to rock and roll being born in the South.
The group largely infused hints of the
Duane Allman created the idea of having two lead guitarists, which was inspired by
The group also held an
Legacy
The Allman Brothers Band were considerably influential within the Southern United States. Their arrival on the musical scene paved the way for several other notable Southern rock bands—among those
In 2012, an official historic marker was erected on the site of the July 1970
In 2018, Devon Allman (son of Gregg Allman), Duane Betts (son of Dickey Betts), and Berry Duane Oakley (son of Berry Oakley) formed a band called the Allman Betts Band.[185]
Written by author Alan Paul, Brothers and Sisters: The Allman Brothers Band and the Album That Defined the 70s was published by St. Martin's Press on July 25, 2023, celebrating the album of the same name's fiftieth anniversary. The book examines the making of the album while also presenting a broad cultural history of the era, covering stories of how the band rescued Jimmy Carter's flailing presidential campaign, Gregg Allman's marriage to Cher, and how the band's success led to an eventual breakup.[186][187]
Awards and recognition
- Jessica" (also famous for being the theme for the TV series Top Gear).
- Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, 2012
- Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, 1995
- Rolling Stone's "Greatest...of All Time" lists:
- 100 Greatest Artists of All Time (2004): No. 52[182]
- 500 Greatest Albums of All Time (2003): No. 49 for At Fillmore East[188]
- 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time (2003):
- No. 2 Duane Allman[189]
- No. 23 Warren Haynes[190]
- No. 58 Dickey Betts[191]
- No. 81 Derek Trucks[192]
- 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time (2011):
- No. 9 Duane Allman[193]
- No. 16 Derek Trucks[194]
- No. 61 Dickey Betts[195]
Discography
The Allman Brothers Band placed more emphasis on their live performances rather than albums. "We get kind of frustrated doing the [studio] records," said Duane Allman in 1970.[196] Consequently, this listing includes all studio albums and major live releases (several other live releases have been issued retrospectively).[197]
- The Allman Brothers Band (1969)
- Idlewild South (1970)
- At Fillmore East (1971, live)
- Eat a Peach (1972, part live)
- Brothers and Sisters (1973)
- Win, Lose or Draw (1975)
- Wipe the Windows, Check the Oil, Dollar Gas (1976, live)
- Enlightened Rogues (1979)
- Reach for the Sky(1980)
- Brothers of the Road (1981)
- Seven Turns (1990)
- Shades of Two Worlds (1991)
- An Evening with the Allman Brothers Band: First Set (1992, live)
- Where It All Begins (1994)
- An Evening with the Allman Brothers Band: 2nd Set (1995, live)
- Peakin' at the Beacon (2000, live)
- Hittin' the Note (2003)
- One Way Out (2004, live)
Personnel
- Members
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See also
- Gregg Allman Band
- The Allman Brothers Band Museum (the "Big House")
- The Peach Music Festival
- Wanee Music Festival
References
Footnotes
- ^ "The Allman Brothers Band – Biography – AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved September 19, 2014.
- ^ Greene, Andy (March 25, 2015). "Readers' Poll: The 10 Best Jam Bands". Rolling Stone. Retrieved July 26, 2021.
- ^ Matt Soergel, Matt (February 21, 2019). "Allman Brothers Band began in old house on Riverside Avenue". The Florida Times-Union. GateHouse Media. Archived from the original on April 18, 2019. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
- ^ "Gold & Platinum – RIAA". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
- ^ "The Immortals". Rolling Stone Issue 946. Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 17, 2009. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
- ^ Poe 2008, p. 10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Eder, Bruce. "The Allman Brothers Band". AllMusic Guide. Retrieved May 13, 2014.
- ^ Poe 2008, p. 18.
- ^ Poe 2008, p. 46.
- ^ Poe 2008, p. 90.
- ^ Allman & Light 2012, p. 99.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 6.
- ^ Poe 2008, p. 88.
- ^ a b Paul 2014, p. 15.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 9.
- ^ Poe 2008, p. 110.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 13.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 27.
- ^ a b Paul 2014, p. 17.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 24.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 25.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 28.
- ^ a b Paul 2014, p. 29.
- ^ Poe 2008, p. 109.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 32.
- ^ Allman & Light 2012, p. 118.
- ^ a b Paul 2014, p. 30.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 33.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 39.
- ^ a b Paul 2014, p. 36.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 34.
- ^ a b Paul 2014, p. 46.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 41.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 42.
- ^ Allman 2014, p. 200.
- ^ a b c Paul 2014, p. 51.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 52.
- ^ Freeman 1996, p. 59.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 64.
- ^ a b Paul 2014, p. 65.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 66.
- ^ a b c d Paul 2014, p. 92.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 71.
- ^ Poe 2008, p. 144.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 99.
- ^ a b Paul 2014, p. 94.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 101.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 103.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 139.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 108.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 82.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 83.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 84.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 88.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 115.
- ^ a b Paul 2014, p. 117.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 124.
- ^ a b Poe 2008, p. 187.
- ^ Cannady, Sheryl (April 5, 2005). "Librarian of Congress Names 50 Recordings to the 2004 National Recording Registry". Library of Congress.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 147.
- ^ a b Paul 2014, p. 156.
- ^ Poe 2008, p. 210.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 160.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 162.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 165.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 167.
- ^ a b Allman & Light 2012, p. 204.
- ^ Allman & Light 2012, p. 210.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 173.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 175.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 185.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 187.
- ^ a b Paul 2014, p. 186.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 189.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 190.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 194.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 199.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 179.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 182.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 225.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 211.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 215.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 230.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Serpick, Evan (2001). The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1136 pp. First edition, 2001.
- ^ Melody Maker, May 25, 1974, p.1
- ^ Muziekkrant Oor, August 1, 1974, p.5, review
- ^ "1974 Knebworth Festival,The Bucolic frolic". Ukrockfestivals.com. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- ^ Melody Maker, July 27, 1974, p. 9, review
- ^ Rock&Folk, septembre 1974, p.64, review
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 234.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 236.
- ^ a b Allman & Light 2012, p. 262.
- ^ Allman & Light 2012, p. 268.
- ^ a b c Paul 2014, p. 237.
- ^ a b c Paul 2014, p. 245.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 241.
- ^ Paul 2014, p. 246.
- ^ a b Paul 2014, p. 247.
- ^ Allman & Light 2012, p. 292.
- ^ a b c d Paul 2014, p. 249.
- ^ a b Paul 2014, p. 254.
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- ISBN 1-84195-017-3.
Works cited
- Allman, Galadrielle (2014). Please Be With Me. Spiegel & Grau. ISBN 978-0812981193.
- Allman, Gregg; Light, Alan (2012). My Cross to Bear. William Morrow. ISBN 978-0062112033.
- Freeman, Scott (1996). Midnight Riders: The Story of the Allman Brothers Band. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0316294522.
- Paul, Alan (2014). One Way Out: The Inside History of the Allman Brothers Band. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1250040497.
- Poe, Randy (2008). Skydog: The Duane Allman Story. Backbeat Books. ISBN 978-0879309398.
Further reading
- The Allman Brothers Band: Dreams liner notes
- Freeman, Scott. Midnight Riders: The Story of the Allman Brothers Band, Little, Brown & Co. 1995.
- Leavell, Chuck with J. Marshall Craig. Between Rock and a Home Place, Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2004.
- Perkins, Willie. No Saints, No Saviors, Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2005.
- Perkins, Willie. Diary of a Rock and Roll Tour Manager, Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2022.
- Poe, Randy. Skydog: The Duane Allman Story, Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books, 2006.
- Reid, Jan. Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs by Derek and the Dominos (Rock of Ages). New York: Rodale, Inc., 2006.
- Reiff, Corbin (March 11, 2016). "Allman Brothers Band's Fillmore East Run: An Oral History". Rolling Stone. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
- Reynolds, Dean. The Complete Allman Brothers Band Discography, 2000.
- Smith, Michael Buffalo Smith. 2019. The road goes on forever: Fifty years of the Band. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press.
- Wynne, Ben. Something in the Water: A History of Music in Macon, Georgia, 1823-1980. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2021.
External links