Time in Finland
Time in Finland | |
---|---|
Europe/Mariehamn |
Before the 19th century, each locality followed its own
Finland's time zone is maintained by the
History
Before the 19th century, there was no need for a single
The
The
In 1888, the
1929 proposal to adopt Central European Time
Between the late 1920s and mid-1930s, development of railway and telegraph connections increased communication between Finland and its western neighbours. Finland's observance of Eastern European Time, while other countries to the west used Central European Time at GMT+01:00, caused difficulties for some businesses, such as differentiating office hours which resulted in inconveniences when making telephone connections.[22] In June 1929, the Finnish Post and Telegraph Board proposed to the Finnish government that Finland's standard time be switched to Central European Time.[23] The proposal failed to gain support, as the Ostrobothnia Chamber of Commerce released a statement in September arguing that Finnish companies were adequately adapting to the two time zones.[22][24]
The possible time zone change was discussed at the European Timetable Conference in Stockholm in October 1937, where the representatives of Finland, alongside Estonia and Latvia, agreed to present the proposal for the transition to Central European Time to their respective governments.[25] Initial reactions by Finns to the proposal were positive,[22] but the proposal was scrapped after the Finnish Medical Society Duodecim argued that it would misalign biological time and lead to detrimental health effects.[26] The Finnish Post and Telegraph Board also withdrew its original 1929 proposal,[27] and the Ministry of Transport rejected the proposal.[28]
Introduction of daylight saving time
Daylight saving time
Finland observes daylight saving time by advancing the clock forward one hour from Eastern European Time in UTC+02:00 to Eastern European Summer Time in UTC+03:00 at 03:00 EET on the last Sunday in March and back at 04:00 EET on the last Sunday in October.[34][35] Finland has observed daylight saving time since 1981.[32] Finland's high latitude means that in summer the nights are short (in Helsinki in July, there are only five hours between sunset and sunrise), and daylight saving time has no impact on the population. In spring and autumn it does (with Helsinki experiencing between 13 and 18 hours of sunlight in spring and 11 to 6 hours in autumn), in addition to the advantage of keeping the time coordinated with other countries.[36][37]
Proposals to end daylight saving time
In 2017, the
As of March 2022,[43] the approval from the Council of the European Union had yet to be obtained as the European Union was preoccupied with the COVID-19 pandemic.[44] If the practice were to end, it is not known whether or not Finland would decide to remain on permanent winter time (UTC+02:00) or permanent summer time (UTC+03:00). Yle, Finland's national broadcasting company, has stated that the government would first gather expert opinions and consult the public before implementing changes.[44] A 2018 survey conducted by the Ministry of Justice, which received over 120,000 responses within its first 24 hours, revealed a small majority were in favour of observing permanent winter time over permanent summer time,[44][45] and a 2019 petition to observe permanent summer time received 50,000 signatures.[46]
Geography and solar time
Most of Finland lies within the geographical UTC+02:00 offset. The southwestern coast of Finland, including the city of
Sunrise/sunset times for Helsinki, Finland | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month[e] | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Sunrise | 09:24 | 08:35 | 07:19 | 06:46 | 05:18 | 04:08 | 04:00 | 04:59 | 06:14 | 07:25 | 07:43 | 08:56 |
Sunset | 15:24 | 16:33 | 17:47 | 20:04 | 21:19 | 22:29 | 22:47 | 21:52 | 20:25 | 18:53 | 16:24 | 15:22 |
Hours of daylight | 6 | 8 | 10.5 | 13.3 | 16 | 18.3 | 18.7 | 16.8 | 14.1 | 11.4 | 8.6 | 6.4 |
Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration[37] |
Maintenance
The
Notation
In Finnish writing, the 24-hour clock notation is used. A baseline dot is used as the standardised and recommended separator between the hour and the minute (e.g. "15.07" or "8.27"). The use of a colon is also common especially in relation to telecommunications and digital clocks, but is not recommended in normal text. Midnight is written as "24.00". The notation for times within the first hour of the day starts with one zero (e.g. "0.15"). Leading zeros are not used (e.g. no "09"). If greater accuracy is needed, seconds are added using the same symbol as the one used to separate the hours from the minutes (e.g. "1.27.36"). Fractions of a second are added using the comma as separator (e.g. "1.27.36,30"). For time ranges, a hyphen is used (e.g. "12–21" for noon till 9 pm).[61]
In normal text, the time can also be spelled out using the 12-hour clock, with clarifications as needed (e.g. nine in the morning: morning+nine → "aamuyhdeksältä").[61] The practice in Swedish is similar.[62] Finland previously used the 12-hour clock,[22] switching to 24-hour time in 1928 to comply with the 1926 Schedule Conference on European Railways' agreement for universal timetables across railways.[63]
IANA time zone database
In the
c.c.* | coordinates* | TZ* | Comments | UTC offset | DST |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FI |
+6010+02458 | Europe/Helsinki |
+02:00 | +03:00 | |
AX |
+6006+01957 | Europe/Mariehamn |
+02:00 | +03:00 |
Computers which do not support "Europe/Helsinki" or "Europe/Mariehamn" may use the older POSIX syntax: TZ="EET-2EEST,M3.5.0/3,M10.5.0/4"
.[66]
See also
- Time in Europe
- List of time zones by country
- List of time zones by UTC offset
Notes and references
Notes
- ^ Finnish: Itä-Euroopan aika; Swedish: Östeuropeisk tid.
- ^ Finnish: Itä-Euroopan kesäaika; Swedish: Östeuropeisk sommartid.
- ^ Measured at 60°09′42″N 024°57′18″E / 60.16167°N 24.95500°E.[4]
- ^ Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) has since replaced Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) as the world time standard.[10]
- ^ On the first of every month.
Citations
- ^ Bonsdorff, Wäinö Waldemar (1909). "Aikaerot" [Time differences]. Tietosanakirja (in Finnish). Vol. 1. Tietosanakirja-Osakeyhtiö . p. 144 (72). Retrieved 22 February 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b Heikki 1999, p. 81.
- ^ Lehti & Markkanen 2010, pp. 191–192.
- ^ Maskelyne 1934, p. 688.
- from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ^ Heikki 1999, pp. 82–83.
- ^ Frederiksen, Niels Christian (1902). Finland; Its Public and Private Economy (1 ed.). E. Arnold. p. 244. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
- ^ a b Heikki 1999, p. 83.
- ^ Simojoki 1978, p. 63.
- ^ "XVIth General Assembly: Grenoble, France 1976" (PDF). International Astronomical Union. 1976. pp. 27–28.
- ^ International Conference Held at Washington for the Purpose of Fixing a Prime Meridian and a Universal Day. October, 1884. Protocols of the Proceedings. 1884. p. 142. Retrieved 7 April 2022 – via Project Gutenberg.
- ISBN 978-0192159489. Retrieved 7 April 2022 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ Gould 1925, p. 8.
- ^ American Association of Passenger Traffic Officers (November 1893). W.F. Allen (ed.). "Editorial comments". Traveler's Official Railway Guide: North American Freight Service Edition. No. 6 of the 26th year. New York; Philadelphia: National Railway Publication Company. p. xix (19). Retrieved 11 April 2022.
- ^ Gould 1925, p. 2.
- ^ a b c d Heikki 1999, p. 87.
- ^ Donnerin, Anders (8 March 1897). "Yleisen anomuslautakunnan mietintö N:o 2" [Report of the General Petitions Committee No. 2]. Uusi Suomi (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022 – via Digitaaliset aineistot.
- ^ Bonsdorff, Ernst (13 March 1897). "Pappissääty. Yhteinen keskiaika" [Estates. The common mean time]. Uusi Suomi (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2022 – via Digitaaliset aineistot.
- ^ "Aikareformi" [Time reform]. Uusi Suomi (in Finnish). 10 December 1919. Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022 – via Digitaaliset aineistot.
- ^ "Keskiaurinkoaika otetaan käytäntöön Suomessa" [Standard solar time is put into practice in Finland]. Aamulehti (in Finnish). 13 March 1920. Archived from the original on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022 – via Digitaaliset aineistot.
- ^ a b Gould 1935, p. 17.
- ^ a b c d e Pekka, Linnainen (18 March 2021). "Ajanlasku Suomenlahden erottajana ja yhdistäjänä" [Time as a divider and unifier of the Gulf of Finland] (in Finnish). Estofennia. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
Ehdotus kaatui Keskuskauppakamarin epäävään lausuntoon, jossa yritysten arveltiin sopeutuvan mainittuihin hankaluuksiin ja viitattiin Yhdysvaltoihin, jonka liike-elämä toimi tehokkaasti neljällä auringonkiertoa vastaavalla vyöhykkeellä.
[The proposal collapsed following a negative statement from the Central Chamber of Commerce, which suggested that businesses would adapt to the difficulties mentioned and referred to the United States, where business operated efficiently in four time zones.] - ^ "Keski-Euroopan aika käytäntöön myös Suomessa" [Central European Time in practice also in Finland]. Uusi Suomi (in Finnish). 19 June 1929. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022 – via Digitaaliset aineistot.
- ^ "Keski-Euroopan ajan käytäntöönottaminen" [Putting Central European Time into practice]. Demokraatti (in Finnish). 5 September 1929. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022 – via Digitaaliset aineistot.
Keski-Euroopan ajan käytäntöönottaminen meillä. Keskuskauppakamari ehdottaa, että esitys saisi tällä kertaa raueta.
[Implementing Central European Time in our country. The Central Chamber of Commerce proposes that the proposal be allowed to lapse at this time.] - ^ "Kellad 1 tund taha" [Clocks 1 hour behind]. Vaba Maa (in Estonian). 9 October 1937. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022 – via DIGAR Eesti artiklid.
- ^ "Päivän siirtäminen auringonlaskua kohti tuo terveydellisiä haittoja" [Moving the day towards sunset brings health hazards]. Demokraatti (in Finnish). 10 December 1937. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022 – via Digitaaliset aineistot.
- ^ "Posti- ja lennätinhallitus vastustaa Keski-Euroopan aikaa" [The Finnish Post and Telegraph Board opposes Central European Time]. Ajan Suunta (in Finnish). 18 December 1937. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022 – via Digitaaliset aineistot.
- ^ "Keski-Euroopan ajan käytäntöönotto" [Implementation of Central European Time]. Uusi Suomi (in Finnish). 9 January 1938. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022 – via Digitaaliset aineistot.
- ^ "Kesäaikaan siirtymistä vaativat terveydelliset ja taloudelliset syyt" [The transition to summer time is required for health and economic reasons]. Laatokka (in Finnish). 28 February 1942. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022 – via Digitaaliset aineistot.
- ^ a b Heikki 2013, pp. 104–105.
- ^ a b Heikki 2007, p. 105.
- ^ a b Yli-Ojanperä, Elina (15 March 2007). "Suomi siirtyi kesäaikaan" [Finland moved to summer time] (in Finnish). Yle. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
- ^ "753/2001". Finlex (in Finnish). Finnish Government. 30 August 2001. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Finland". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). n.d. Archived from the original on 17 February 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
- ^ "Directive 2000/84/EC on summer time arrangements". EUR-Lex. European Commission. Archived from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ^ a b Heikki 2013, p. 104.
- ^ a b "Europe/Helsinki". NOAA Solar Calculator. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2020. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
- ^ Forsell, Tuomas (26 October 2017). "Finland wants EU to give up daylight saving time". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ^ "State of the Union 2018: Q&A on the Commission's proposal to put an end to seasonal clock changes". European Commission. European Union. 12 September 2018. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ^ "Could switching between summer and winter time end in 2021?". European Parliament News Press Releases. 4 March 2019. Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ^ "EU Parliament votes to end seasonal clock changes". Yle. 26 March 2019. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ^ "European MPs vote to end summer time clock changes". BBC News. 26 March 2019. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ^ "Clocks will be moved forward to summer time next Sunday". Helsinki Times. 24 March 2022. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
- ^ a b c "Clocks go back as Covid crisis delays EU decision". Yle. 30 November 2021. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ^ Teivainen, Aleksi (28 September 2018). "Over 120,000 Finns respond to time zone survey in little over 24 hours". Helsinki Times. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ^ "Citizens' initiative backing permanent summer time breaks 50k-mark". Yle. 1 May 2019. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
- U.S. Naval Observatory. n.d. Archivedfrom the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ISBN 978-9264012783. Archivedfrom the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ISBN 978-9516977662. Archived(PDF) from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
- ^ "Jälleen lähestymme vuoden synkintä pimeyttä" [Again, we are approaching the darkest darkness of the year]. Finnish Meteorological Institute (in Finnish). 5 December 2014. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
- ^ Brownstone, Andy (host) (23 March 2011). About Time: Where three time zones meet (Video). BBC News. Event occurs at 00:14. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ^ "1015/2014". Finlex (in Finnish). Finnish Government. 4 December 2014. Archived from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ^ ITU Radiocommunication Assembly (2002). "Standard-frequency and time-signal emissions" (PDF). International Telecommunication Union. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
- ^ Heikki 1999, p. 100.
- ^ "Leap Seconds List". International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
- Observatoire de Paris. Archived from the originalon 29 December 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
- ^ a b Wallin, Anders (3 April 2020). "SI units in Finland, time and frequency". VTT News. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
- ^ "Metrologia: VTT MIKES" [Metrology: VTT MIKES] (in Finnish). VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. n.d. Archived from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ^ "UTC–UTC(MIKE)". Time Department Data Base. International Bureau of Weights and Measures. n.d. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
- ^ "Suomen aika: NTP-palvelu" [Finnish time: NTP service] (in Finnish). VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. n.d. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
- ^ a b "Ajanilmaukset: kellonajat (merkintä ja taivutus)" [Temporal expressions: (notation and inflection)] (in Finnish). Institute for the Languages of Finland. n.d. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ISBN 978-9138326251.
- ^ "Uusi aikataulu ja 24 tunnin aikajako [15.5.1928 alkaen]" [New schedule and notation of 24 hours [from 15.5.1928]]. Aamulehti (in Finnish). 12 May 1928. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2022 – via Digitaaliset aineistot.
- ^ "Aikavyöhykkeet – kesäaika – talviaika" [Time zones – daylight saving time – winter time]. kellonaika.fi (in Finnish). Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Europe (2020 edition)". tz database. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). Archived from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
- from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
Bibliography
- Gould, Ralph Edgar (1925). Standard Time Throughout the World (1 ed.). United States National Bureau of Standards.
- Gould, Ralph Edgar (1935). Standard Time Throughout the World (3 ed.). United States National Bureau of Standards.
- Heikki, Oja (1999). Aikakirja (PDF) (in Finnish) (2 ed.). Almanac Office of the University of Helsinki. ISBN 9511163345.
- Heikki, Oja (2007). Aikakirja 2007 (in Finnish). Almanac Office of the University of Helsinki. ISBN 978-9521032219.
- Heikki, Oja (2013). Aikakirja 2013 (PDF) (in Finnish). Almanac Office of the University of Helsinki.
- Lehti, Raimo; Markkanen, Tapio (2010). History of Astronomy in Finland 1828–1918. ISBN 978-9516533790.
- Maskelyne, Nevil (1934). The Astronomical Ephemeris. Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
- Simojoki, Heikki Juhani (1978). The History of Geophysics in Finland 1828–1918. Societas Scientiarum Fennica. ISBN 9516530788.
Further reading
- Publications from the Astronomical Observatory, Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki University Observatory. Digitised on Google Books, unless otherwise stated.
- Issues 1–28. 1941.
- Issues 29–60. 1950.
- Issues 61–87. 1957.
- Issues 88–104. 1960. OCLC 2261861.
- Issues 105–140. 1964.
- Karttunen, Hannu; Oja, Heikki; Donner, Karl Johan; Poutanen, Markku; Kröger, Pekka (2017). ISBN 978-3662530443.
External links
- Current time in Finland at Time.is
- Current time in Finland at SuomenAika.fi (in Finnish)
- Time in Finland at TimeAndDate.com