Tommy Franks

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Tommy Franks
War in Afghanistan

Iraq War

Awards
Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire
(United Kingdom)

Tommy Ray Franks (born June 17, 1945) is a retired United States Army general. His last army post was as the Commander of the United States Central Command, overseeing United States military operations in a 25-country region, including the Middle East. Franks succeeded General Anthony Zinni to this position on 6 July 2000 and served until his retirement on 7 July 2003. Franks was the United States general leading the

attack on the Taliban in Afghanistan in response to the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon in 2001. He also oversaw the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the overthrow of Saddam Hussein
.

Early life and education

Franks was born Tommy Ray Bentley in

First Lady Laura Bush.[1] He attended the University of Texas at Austin, where he was a brother of Delta Upsilon International Fraternity. He dropped out of college after two years due to subpar grades and lack of motivation. Franks decided to give himself a "jolt" and joined the United States Army.[2]

Later, through the military, Franks was able to enroll at the

Armed Forces Staff College and the Army War College.[3]

Military career

Franks enlisted in the

2nd Battalion, 4th Field Artillery. He also served as Fire Direction Officer and Fire Support Officer with 5th Battalion (mechanized), 60th Infantry
during this tour.

In 1968, Franks returned to Fort Sill, where he commanded a cannon battery in the Artillery Training Center. In 1969, he was selected to participate in the Army's "Boot Strap Degree Completion Program", and subsequently attended the

2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment
in West Germany in 1973, where he commanded the 1st Squadron Howitzer Battery and served as Squadron S-3. He also commanded the 84th Armored Engineer Company, and served as Regimental Assistant S-3 during this tour.

Franks, after graduating from the

Inspector General
in the Investigations Division. In 1977 he was assigned to the Office of the Chief of Staff, Army where he served on the Congressional Activities Team, and subsequently as an Executive Assistant.

In 1981, Franks returned to West Germany where he commanded the 2nd Battalion, 78th Field Artillery (1st Armored Division) for three years. He returned to the United States in 1984 to attend the

III Corps Deputy Assistant G3, a position he held until 1987 when he assumed command of 1st Cavalry Division Artillery. He also served as Chief of Staff, 1st Cavalry Division
during this tour.

Franks' initial general officer assignment was Assistant Division Commander (Maneuver), 1st Cavalry Division during

Fort Monroe, Virginia
as the first Director, Louisiana Maneuvers Task Force, Office of Chief of Staff of the Army, a position held until 1994 when he was reassigned to South Korea as the CJG3 of Combined Forces Command and United States Forces Korea.

From 1995 to 1997, Franks commanded the

2001 invasion of Afghanistan and the overthrow of the Taliban in government in response to the September 11 attacks. He also led the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the overthrow of Saddam Hussein
.

Critics of Franks' tenure as commander of United States forces in Afghanistan cite his failure to deploy 800

Dalton Fury, claimed that the evidence that bin-Laden was present at the battle was very robust; Fury claimed that his team came within 2,000 meters of bin Laden's suspected position, but withdrew because of uncertainty over the number of al-Qaeda fighters guarding bin Laden and a lack of support from allied Afghan troops.[7]

Franks' retirement was announced on 22 May 2003. Secretary Donald Rumsfeld reportedly offered him the position of Chief of Staff of the United States Army, but he declined. On 7 July 2003 Franks' retirement took effect.

Franks' awards include the

Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire. In 2004, President George W. Bush awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom

Iraq War

Gen. Franks touring the ruins of one of Saddam Hussein's palaces in April 2003

Authors suggest that Franks was worn down by repeated pressure from U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld to reduce the number of U.S. troops in war plans and cancel the deployment of the 1st Cavalry Division, a scheduled follow-on unit that was slated for deployment in April 2003.[8] More generally, they argue Franks' command was somewhat understandably focused on the immediate task in front of it – defeating Saddam Hussein and taking Baghdad – and few were willing to divert resources away from that effort and toward the long-term post-war needs.[9]

The writers also question his decision during the war to keep sealift ships carrying the equipment for the 4th Infantry Division (Mechanized) at sea instead of bringing the equipment ashore in Kuwait sooner so the division could have entered Iraq earlier than it did to add to the force levels in post-war Iraq. Franks argues that by keeping the ships at sea the Iraqis were deceived into believing a U.S. attack was yet to come from the north through Turkey, though Colin Powell and others have questioned his view.[10]

Franks wanted to retire after the major combat phase of the war, tired from planning and prosecuting two major wars and leading the overall war on terrorism since September 2001. As a result, Gordon and Trainor argue he was slow to act during the crucial months following the fall of

Michael Delong and John Abizaid, were at odds with each other until Abizaid succeeded Franks in the middle of the summer of 2003. Delong retired with a bitter taste in his mouth and wrote his own book regarding the leadership failures in the headquarters. They also note that there was a command transition in Iraq as V Corps and General Ricardo Sanchez took command of U.S. forces in Iraq without being fully resourced and trained for the mission in advance.[11]

In Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq, veteran defense and Pentagon reporter Thomas E. Ricks echoes criticism from officers who had served under Franks who put forth that, while tactically sound, he lacked the strategic mindset and overall intellect necessary for the task. Some close to him argued he was more thoughtful than he seemed, was aware that Secretary Rumsfeld and his staff were unable to discuss the Iraq War in military terms and had an obligation to put forth stronger objections to the civilian control of military planning. While demanding and goal oriented he was also criticized for being unwilling to countenance alternate viewpoints and for detaching himself from day-to-day affairs when the ground war ceased and he prepared for retirement.[citation needed]

Weapons of mass destruction

According to Time magazine, on 21 November 2003, Franks said that in the event of another terrorist attack, American constitutional liberties might be discarded by popular demand in favor of a military state. Discussing the hypothetical dangers posed to the US in the wake of the 11 September 2001 attacks, Franks said that "the worst thing that could happen" is if terrorists acquire and then use a biological, chemical or nuclear weapon that inflicts heavy casualties. If that happens, Franks said, "... the Western world, the free world, loses what it cherishes most, and that is freedom and liberty we've seen for a couple of hundred years in this grand experiment that we call democracy." Franks then offered "in a practical sense" what he thinks would happen in the aftermath of such an attack.

"It means the potential of a weapon of mass destruction and a terrorist, massive, casualty-producing event somewhere in the Western world – it may be in the United States of America – that causes our population to question our own Constitution and to begin to militarize our country in order to avoid a repeat of another mass, casualty-producing event. Which in fact, then begins to unravel the fabric of our Constitution."

"[No] one in this country probably was more surprised than I when weapons of mass destruction were not used against our troops as they moved toward Baghdad," said Franks on 2 December 2005.[12]

Service summary

Dates of rank

Insignia Rank Date
Private second class 1965
Second Lieutenant 1967
First Lieutenant
 1968
Captain
 1969
Major 1978
Lieutenant Colonel
 1982
Colonel 1987
Brigadier General
 1991
Major General
 1994
Lieutenant General
 1997
General 2000

Awards and decorations

Left breast

Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
V
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Silver oak leaf cluster
V
Bronze oak leaf cluster
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
Bronze star
Aircraft Crewmember's Badge
oak leaf clusters[13]
Army Distinguished Service Medal

with 1 oak leaf cluster 		Legion of Merit
with 2 oak leaf clusters 		Bronze Star
with "V" device and 4 oak leaf clusters
Purple Heart
with 2 oak leaf clusters 		Meritorious Service Medal
with 5 oak leaf clusters
award numeral
9
Army Commendation Medal

with "V" device
Army Achievement Medal

with 1 oak leaf cluster
Army Good Conduct Medal
Presidential Medal of Freedom
service stars
 Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal
campaign stars
campaign stars
 Army Service Ribbon
Army Overseas Service Ribbon

with award numeral 4
Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire
 Vietnam Campaign Medal
Kuwait Liberation Medal
(Saudi Arabia) 		Kuwait Liberation Medal
(Kuwait)
Cheon-Su Security Medal
United States Central Command Badge

Right breast

Joint Meritorious Unit Award
Valorous Unit Award
Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation Ribbon
Republic of Vietnam Civil Actions Unit Citation Ribbon
Army Staff Identification Badge

Personal life

Since 2003, Franks has operated Franks & Associates LLC, a private

disaster recovery industry. In June 2006, General Franks formed a partnership with Innovative Decon Solutions.[14]

Following his retirement, Franks published his memoirs in American Soldier,[15] which debuted as Number #1 on the New York Times Best Seller list in August 2004,[3] displacing President Bill Clinton's memoir from the top spot. One reviewer praised General Franks recollections of his Vietnam service but opined that the book, like the plan for and execution of the Iraq war itself, he said, "begins better than it ends." The reviewer expressed the wish that Franks had "relied less on the official record and more on his own experience and memories" in recalling the later war, as he had in recalling the earlier one.[16]

Speaking at the Republican Convention in New York on 31 August 2004, Franks endorsed President

cellular phones
to tell parents how fast their teenage children are driving.

In December 2005, Franks was appointed to the Bank of America board of directors, a position he held until resigning on 11 June 2009 for unspecified reasons but as part of an "exodus" of ten directors from April to August, 2009. The bank had received $45 billion of U.S. Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) funding and sustained dramatic losses starting in 2008.[18]

Franks also sits on

Chuck E. Cheese's.[19]

Franks speaking in Cedar Rapids, Iowa in 2014

Franks sits on the board of directors of the National Park Foundation. He is an advisor to the Central Command Memorial Foundation and the Military Child Education Coalition, and is a spokesman for the Southeastern Guide Dogs Organization.[3]

Additionally he sits in the board of trustees for William Penn University, a university founded and supported by the Society of Friends (Quakers).

A museum dedicated to him lies in Hobart, Oklahoma.

Franks currently resides in Roosevelt, Oklahoma.

Charity controversy

In January 2008,

watchdog groups' criticism because only 25% of the money found its way to wounded veterans, compared to the industry standard of 85%, Franks ended his support for the group in late 2005. Roger Chapin, president of the charity, and his wife had apparently been living a lavish lifestyle on the charity's money.[20][21][22][23] Bob Schieffer, host of CBS's Face the Nation, criticized Franks, saying, "What kind of person would insist, or even allow himself, to be paid to raise money for those who were wounded while serving under him? Franks says he severed his connection to the fundraiser when he realized most of the money he helped raise went to the fundraiser, not the troops."[24]

References

  1. ^ Franks 2004, p. 23.
  2. ^ "Texas general takes sharpest of minds into Iraq conflict". Associated Press. 9 March 2003. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2008.
  3. ^ a b c d "About General Franks." Archived 6 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine Article at tommyfranks.com. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
  4. ^ Tommy Franks (2004), "American Soldier," 49-56. Franks writes on page 49 that he had "lugged my duffle bag under the steel arch topped with the sign reading "Robinson Barracks, United States Army Artillery Officer Cadet School."
  5. ^ Bergen, Peter (30 December 2009). ""The Battle for Tora Bora – How Osama bin Laden slipped from our grasp: The definitive account"". The New Republic.
  6. ^ Bergen, Peter. Manhunt: The Ten Year Search for Bin Laden From 9/11 to Abottabad. 2012. p. 50-51
  7. ^ Efran, Shawn (producer), "Army Officer Recalls Hunt For Bin Laden", 60 Minutes, CBS News, 5 October 2008.
  8. ^ Gordon, Michael R.; Trainor, Bernard E. (13 March 2006). "Dash to Baghdad Left Top U.S. Generals Divided". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
  9. ^ "Persian Gulf War | Summary, Dates, Combatants, Casualties, Syndrome, Map, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  10. ^ Plan of Attack, Bob Woodward, 2004
  11. ^ COBRA II Gordon and Trainor 2006
  12. ^ Warrick, Joby (16 August 2004). "Retired general 'surprised' no WMD found". CNN. Retrieved 22 June 2011.
  13. ^ Franks 2004, p. 623.
  14. ^ "www.idsint.com". Archived from the original on 2 April 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
  15. ^ Franks 2004.
  16. ^ "'American Soldier': Man With a Plan, Sort Of" Review by Michael Newman, The New York Times Sunday Book Review, 26 September 2004. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
  17. ^ "Text: Remarks by Retired General Tommy Franks to the Republican National Convention", Washington Post, 2 September 2004 10:21 PM ET. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
  18. ^ "Bank of America Says Three Directors Quit as Exodus Totals 10" by David Mildenberg, Bloomberg.com, 1 August 2009. Retrieved 8/1/09.
  19. St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original
    on 20 December 2009. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
  20. ^ Ross, Brian (17 January 2008). "Gen. Tommy Franks Paid $100,000 To Endorse 'F' Veterans Charity". ABC News. Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  21. ^ Jowers, Karen (18 January 2008). "Charity draws fire for paying generals". Army Times. Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  22. ^ Rucker, Philip (18 January 2008). "Chief of Veterans Charities Grilled on Groups' Spending". The Washington Post. Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  23. ^ Barrett, William P. (21 December 2007). "Charitable Taking". Forbes. Archived from the original on 23 December 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2008.
  24. ^ Schieffer, Bob (20 January 2008). "The Follies of Fundraising". CBS News Opinion: Face The Nation. Retrieved 20 January 2008.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tommy Franks.
Military offices
Preceded by Commander-in-Chief of United States Central Command
2000–2003 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Robert R. Ivany
 Commanding General of the
Third United States Army

1997–2000 		Succeeded by
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