Ujazdów Castle

Coordinates: 52°13′10.16″N 21°01′51.92″E / 52.2194889°N 21.0310889°E / 52.2194889; 21.0310889
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Ujazdów Castle
Zamek Ujazdowski
Ujazdów Castle, seen from the Royal Canal
Map
General information
Architectural styleBaroque-Neoclassical
Town or cityWarsaw
CountryPoland
Coordinates52°13′10.16″N 21°01′51.92″E / 52.2194889°N 21.0310889°E / 52.2194889; 21.0310889
Completed1624, 1974
Demolished1944
ClientSigismund III Vasa
Historic Monument of Poland
Designated1994-09-08
Part ofWarsaw – historic city center with the Royal Route and Wilanów
Reference no.M.P. 1994 nr 50 poz. 423[1]

Ujazdów Castle (

Royal Baths Park (Łazienki Królewskie), in Warsaw
, Poland.

Its beginnings date to the 13th century, and it was rebuilt several times. Like many structures in Warsaw, it sustained much damage in the Warsaw Uprising (1944). Reconstructed 30 years later (1974), it now houses Warsaw's Center for Contemporary Art.

History

The first castle on the spot was erected by the Dukes of

Krystyna Radziwiłł.[3]

John II Casimir
.

The ruins of the castle of the Mazovian princes were then incorporated into a new fortified manor built by King

mint of Titus Livius Boratini, who there struck his famous boratynka, a type of copper coin.[2][3]

Again neglected, in 1674 the castle was bought by

Łazienki Palace were built.[2]

The castle's design was further modified by King

Polish Army.[2]

Reconstruction design of Castle by Carl Friedrich Pöppelmann, 1720

Consequently, between 1784 and 1789 the castle was yet again rebuilt, this time by

Kościuszko's Uprising the castle was the main centre of conscription for the 20th Foot Regiment.[2] After the Partitions of Poland, during the Prussian occupation of Warsaw, the building was abandoned. After the proclamation of the Duchy of Warsaw it was again restored to the army and was converted into a military hospital. However, the plans of converting it to the Central Military Hospital of the Polish Army were postponed by the Congress of Vienna which awarded the Congress Poland to Russia. On April 1, 1818 the hospital was officially opened.[2] It had places for up to 1000 wounded soldiers. After the outbreak of the November Uprising the hospital was enlarged to 1250 beds and an additional annex with places for 600 was opened in the nearby Łazienki complex.[2]

Ujazdów Castle about 1775, by Bernardo Bellotto ("Canaletto")

After the fall of the uprising, the Russian garrison of Warsaw was significantly strengthened, while the Polish military units were disbanded. A new central military hospital was built next to what became the

Park Ujazdowski and the castle became more of a barrack for the Russian military personnel. Around 1850 the outbuildings were again rebuilt by Jerzy Karol Völck, but were partially demolished 20 years afterwards.[2] After the outbreak of World War I the building was again converted to a provisional hospital by the Russians. Captured by the German army in 1915, on April 10, 1917 it was transferred to the Polish Legions and became the main military hospital for Polish units fighting alongside the Central Powers (the more modern Ujazdów hospital located nearby remained a German-only hospital).[2]

After Poland regained her independence in 1918, the internal design of the castle was yet again modified. Since the 1920s it housed several parts of the Warsaw NCO school. The main staircase was restored to its 18th-century representative design. An interesting feature of the staircase was a set of stone tablets placed there May 15, 1927, commemorating the names of all known Polish military medics who perished in wars between 1797 and 1920.

Polish Defensive War of 1939, the Red Cross organized a school for WIA soldiers. The castle was burnt out and damaged by the Germans following the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.[2]

After the war, the building was to be rebuilt as the Central Military House. However, the works did not start as the walls of the castle were demolished by the Communist authorities of Poland in 1954.[5] In 1975, however, the works on reconstruction of the castle to its 18th-century design were given a green light, and the project by Piotr Biegański was chosen.[2] It houses Warsaw's Center for Contemporary Art (Centrum Sztuki Współczesnej) since 1985.[6]

Centre for Contemporary Art

Logo of the Centre for Contemporary Art

The castle houses the Centre for Contemporary Art, with its collections and temporary exhibitions, concerts and educational workshops.[6] The Centre has organized over 600 exhibitions since 1990.[6] From 2010 to 2016, the Centre's director was an Italian, Fabio Cavallucci.[7]

In 2017, Piotr Bernatowicz was appointed director by the Polish culture minister

New York Times, Bernatowicz said that the Polish art world is, in his words, "dominated by a left-wing, precisely neo-Marxist ideology... Artists who do not adopt this ideology are marginalized". The article further said that "Mr. Bernatowicz wants to change that and promote artists who have other views: conservative, patriotic, pro-family. His plans are transforming the museum into the latest battleground in Poland's culture wars, which pit liberals against the governing populist Law and Justice Party, as well as other conservative groups."[8]

Ujazdów Castle has exhibited numerous well known artists:

Gallery

  • Ujazdów Castle
    Ujazdów Castle
  • Entrance to Castle
    Entrance to Castle
  • Marble lion from Ujazdów Castle by anonymous Italian scul-tor, 1630s, Drottningholm Palace[4]
    Marble lion from Ujazdów Castle by anonymous Italian scul-tor, 1630s, Drottningholm Palace[4]
  • Marble lion from Ujazdów Castle by anonymous Italian sculptor, 1630s, Drottningholm Palace
    Marble lion from Ujazdów Castle by anonymous Italian sculptor, 1630s, Drottningholm Palace
  • Piaseczyński Canal seen from Myśliwiecka Street
    Piaseczyński Canal seen from Myśliwiecka Street
  • View of Royal Canal from Castle terraces
    View of Royal Canal from Castle terraces
  • Castle tower
    Castle tower

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zamek Ujazdowski.

Notes

  1. ^ Zarządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 8 września 1994 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii., M.P. z 1994 r. Nr 50, poz. 423
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "Zamek Ujazdowski". www.warszawa1939.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2012-02-04. Retrieved 2009-03-22.
  3. ^
    ISBN 83-01-03323-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
    )
  4. ^ a b Marcin Latka. "Marble lions from the Ujazdów Castle". Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  5. ^ "History of Ujazdowski Castle – Ujazdowski Castle Centre for Contemporary Art".
  6. ^ a b c "Centrum Sztuki Współczesnej Zamek Ujazdowski | Miejsce".
  7. ^ "Centrum Sztuki Współczesnej Zamek Ujazdowski". Csw.art.pl. 2010-09-22. Retrieved 2012-11-02.
  8. ^ Marshall, Alex (January 8, 2020). "A Polish Museum Turns to the Right, and Artists Turn Away". The New York Times. Retrieved January 23, 2020.

References

External links

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