Ulmus × hollandica 'Klemmer'
Ulmus × hollandica 'Klemmer' | |
---|---|
Hybrid parentage | U. glabra × U. minor |
Cultivar | 'Klemmer' |
Origin | Belgium |
Ulmus × hollandica 'Klemmer', or Flanders Elm, is probably one of a number of hybrids arising from the crossing of
Etymology
The name 'Klemmer' derives from the Flemish for 'climber', a reference to the tree's rapid growth and lofty height.[6] Klemmeri, used by the Späth nursery among others, is a misnomer, incorrectly implying a proper noun Klemmer.
Not to be confused with
Description
'Klemmer' is a tall, fast growing tree, with a straight cylindrical stem and ascending branches, initially forming a narrow, conical or pyramidal head which later broadens, and producing numerous root-suckers and some epicormic shoots.
Pests and diseases
'Klemmer' has no significant resistance to Dutch elm disease.
Cultivation
Common in western Flanders by the 1880s, before the first Dutch elm disease epidemic, 'Klemmer' was widely supplied and planted in avenues across Belgium and northern France, where it was much esteemed for its timber and rapid growth. Nanot (1885) and Aigret (1905) reported it as planted in the environs of Paris.[12][13] The Späth nursery of Berlin supplied an U. campestris Clemmeri to the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Canada, in 1893;[14] by his 1903 catalogue Späth had renamed the cultivar U. Klemmeri, suggesting doubts about its botanical status.[15] The tree was introduced to the USA c.1871, appearing in the catalogues of the Mount Hope Nursery (also known as Ellwanger and Barry) of Rochester, New York.[16][17]
Notable trees
One of two specimens obtained in 1908 from the Barbier Nursery, France, by the
In 1997, a large European White Elm Ulmus laevis growing in the Ladywell Fields public park in Lewisham, London,[20] was misidentified as a 'Klemmer' elm; an information board erected in front of the tree by Lewisham Council, still (2018) bears the erroneous name, and depicts another tree (one of the Morton 'Klemmer'[9]).[21]
Synonymy
- l'orme champêtre klemmer: Gillekens, Éléments d'arboriculture forestière 41, 1891
- 'Klemmer Rouge': Feneau, Bulletin de la Société centrale forestière de Belgique, 9: 162, 1902.
- Ulmus campestris (: minor) var. Clemmeri: Lavallée Arboretum Segrezianum. 235, 1877.
- Ulmus klemeri: Späth nursery, Berlin, 1900.
Accessions
North America
- Morton Arboretum, US. Acc. no. 535–49[22] 3 trees
Europe
- Wakehurst Place Garden Wakehurst Place, UK. Acc. no. 1908–14108
References
- ^ Gillekens, Léopold Guillaume, Éléments d'arboriculture forestière (1891), p.40
- ^ ISBN 0099212803/ 0-09-921280-3)
- ^ Elwes, Henry John; Henry, Augustine (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. 7. p. 1873.
- ^ Krüssmann, Johann Gerd, Handbuch der Laubgehölze (Vol. 3) (Paul Parey, Berlin and Hamburg, 1976); trans. Michael E. Epp, Manual of Cultivated Broad-Leaved Trees and Shrubs (Vol. 3) (Batsford, Timber Press, Beaverton, Oregon, 1984-6), p.410
- ^ Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. 24 (6–8). Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University: 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
- ^ a b Elwes, Henry John; Henry, Augustine (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. 7. pp. footnote 1870, 1872.
- ^ Photo of Morton Arboretum 'Klemmer' (centre of picture)
- Botanic Garden, Meise. Sheet labelled Klemmer rouge, Ypres area (C. Aigret; 1905); "Herbarium specimen - L.1587073". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Short-shoot leaves; sheet described as U. × hollandica Mill. 'Klemmeri' Rehder, Arnold Arboretum, 1930; "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1847085". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet described as U. × hollandica Mill. 'Klemmeri', Wageningen Arboretum, 1962; "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1847078". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Long shoot. Sheet described as U. × hollandica Mill. 'Klemmeri' (from Späth)
- ^ a b c cirrusimage.com Ulmus 'Klemmer' at Morton Arboretum
- ^ "Herbarium specimen - L.1587074". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Fruit; sheet described as U. × hollandica Mill. 'Klemmeri' Rehder, Arnold Arboretum, 1930
- ^ Feneau (1902). "Notes sur les diverses sortes d'ormes plantés dans l'arrondissement d'Ypres". Bulletin de la Société centrale forestière de Belgique. 6: 162–165. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^ Nanot, Jules (1885). "Orme". Guide de l'ingénieur pour l'établissement et l'entretien des plantations d'alignement sur les voies publiques. Paris: Librairie centrale d'agriculture et de jardinage. pp. 32–38. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
- ^ "Famille XV – Ulmacées". Annales des travaux publics de Belgique. 62: 1226. 1905.
- ^ Saunders, William; Macoun, William Tyrrell (1899). Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm (2 ed.). pp. 74–75.
- ^ Katalog (PDF). Vol. 108. Berlin, Germany: L. Späth Baumschulenweg. 1902–1903. pp. 132–133.
- ^ 'Descriptive Catalogue of Ornamental Trees & Shrubs', no.2, Mount Hope Nursery, Rochester, 1871; p.6
- ^ "Holland Elm, Dutch Elm ( Ulmus hollandica )". Saylor Plants.
- ISBN 978-1-4615-4507-1
- ^ Photographs of Ulmus × hollandica 'Klemmer', Morton Arboretum, 'Ulmus Series', acorn.mortonarb.org
- ISBN 9781842464526.
- ^ The Lewisham Elm: Article on www.treesforcities.org, www.waymarking.com [1], edithsstreets.blogspot [2]
- ^ "'Klemmer' at Morton Arboretum". Google Maps. May 2011. Retrieved 2017-06-12.