Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera'
Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera' | |
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Species | Ulmus minor |
Cultivar | 'Umbraculifera' |
Origin | Iran |
The
'Umbraculifera' was introduced to Europe in 1878 by the Späth nursery of Berlin, by one account from a German gardener in the employ of the Shah of Persia,[3] by another from M. Scharrer, inspector of Tiflis Imperial Gardens, Georgia.[6][7][8] It was subsequently planted along streets in Berlin.[3] Späth, along with Hesse of Weener, marketed the tree till the 1930s.[9][10][11][12]
'Umbraculifera' was introduced to the United States in 1912 as "Karagatch" (Ulmus densa syn. U. campestris [:U. minor] 'Umbraculifera') at the USDA's Chico Plant Introduction Station in California by Frank Meyer, who collected it from the Russian imperial estate at Murgrab, Turkestan (see photo taken by Meyer in 'Notable trees' below).[13]
Green mistook Späth's U. turkestanica Regel (the U. 'Turkestanica' of his Register of Cultivars[14]) for a synonym of 'Umbraculifera'.[14] Späth listed U. turkestanica Regel and U. campestris umbraculifera separately in his catalogues, where 'Umbraculifera' appears as "Ball elm. Transcaucasia, Persia. Needs no pruning. Valuable as a single tree, free-standing in park or street".[15][16][17][9]
Description
The tree is distinguished by its dense, rounded, sometimes flat-topped habit.[18][19][20] Henry's statement (1913) that "it differs from ordinary U. nitens [: U. minor] only in its peculiar habit"[3] suggests that, in one form of the tree at least, the leaf is not distinctive.[21] Some herbarium specimens show almost rhomboidal, probably juvenile, leaves.[22] The tree is reputedly always grafted on to U. minor standards.[3] It grows 5 to 8 ft in diameter in twelve to fifteen years.[23]
An early 20th-century Samarkand photograph in Schedae ad Herbarium florae URSS (1922) (see Gallery), shows that 'Umbraculifera' ('Bubyriana') is not dissimilar in appearance to its putative hybrid Ulmus 'Androssowii'.[24] Rehder noted (1939) that though similar in habit to 'Androssowi', 'Umbraculifera' could be "easily distinguished" from it. In 'Umbraculifera' the twigs are red-brown and never corky, the leaves are clearly and sharply double-toothed, only slightly pubescent beneath when young and soon smooth, and the obovate fruit is wedge-shaped at base and about 1.5 cm long, with the seed close to the notch. 'Androssowii', by contrast, has grayish-brown bark on twigs with conspicuous corky wings on older branches, pubescent winter-buds, mostly shallow- and single-toothed leaves, pubescent beneath, and near-orbicular fruit 10-13 mm in diameter, with the seed slightly above the middle.[25]
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'Umbraculifera', State Nursery, Campbelltown, New South Wales, 1908
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Juvenile leaf of 'Umbraculifera'
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'Bubyriana' ('Umbraculifera') right, 'Androssowii' left, Samarkand (1903)
Pests and diseases
The tree is as vulnerable to Dutch elm disease as the species.
Cultivation
The tree was introduced to the Caucasus, Armenia and Turkestan,
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'Umbraculifera', Arnold Arboretum, Massachusetts, c.1900
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'Umbraculifera' avenue near the Späth nursery, Berlin, 1903
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'Umbraculifera' in Germany, 1912
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'Umbraculifera' in Margilan, Uzbekistan
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'Umbraculifera', Puertollano Botanical Gardens, November
Putative specimens in Budapest
A field elm cultivar in the People's Park, Budapest, in the early 20th century, presumably grafted at ground level and trained to a neat cone, illustrated in Möller's Deutsche Gärtner-Zeitung (1918) as Ulmus campestris als Pyramidenbaum [:field elm as pyramidal tree], may have been trimmed 'Umbraculifera'.[34]
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Trimmed field elm in Budapest, c.1917
Varieties
The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera Gracilis' was obtained as a sport of 'Umbraculifera' by Späth c.1897-8.[3]
Notable trees
Regel's Gartenflora (1881) contains an illustration, mentioned by Elwes and Henry in their account of 'Umbraculifera', of a great old tree near Eriwan. An avenue of dense globose trees, considered 'Umbraculifera' by Meyer at a time when the hybrid 'Androssowii' determination was unknown, once grew at the Russian imperial estate of Murgrab at Bairam-ali near Merv, formerly Russian Turkestan.[35]
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Meyer's "U. densa (U. campestris umbraculifera)" (but possibly 'Androssowii'), Murgrab near Bairam-ali (c.1912).[35]
Synonymy
- Karagatch, also applied to Central Asian field elms generally and to the hybrid cultivar Ulmus 'Karagatch'
- Narwan: The common name for 'elm' in Persian, nār-van [:elm-tree], confusingly similar to the local name for the pomegranate, anār-van [:pomegranate-tree]. In Tehran, Umbraculifera is called nārvan-e čatrī [:canopy-like elm].[4]
- Ulmus densa var. nalband Talibov[37]
- Ulmus densa var. bubyriana:
Hybrid cultivars
- Ulmus × androssowii
Accessions
Europe
- Hortus Botanicus Nationalis, Salaspils, Latvia. Acc. no. 18147
North America
- Washington Park Arboretum, Seattle, Washington, US. Acc. no. 602-39[38][39]
Nurseries
Europe
- Boomwekerijen 'De Batterijen', Ochten, Netherlands. [2].
- Kwekerij Johan Van Herreweghe [3], Schellebelle, Belgium.
- Jacobs Plantencentrum [4], Venlo, Netherlands.
- Kwekerij De Reebock [5], Zwalm, Belgium.
- Tuincentrum Semperflorens [6], Roosendaal, Netherlands.
- Tuincentrum Vechtweelde [7], Maarssen, Netherlands.
References
- ^ "Die grosse Herbstausstellung des Vereins zur Beförderung des Gartenbaues in der Flora zu Charlottenburg". Monatsschrift des Vereines zur Beförderung des Gartenbaues in den Königl. Preussischen Staaten für Gärtnerei und Pflanzenkunde. 21: 515. 1878.
- ^ Descriptive Catalogue of Shady Hill Nursery, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1893, p.3
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Elwes, Henry John; Henry, Augustine (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. 7. p. 1893.
- ^ a b c Encyclopaedia Iranica, 'Elm', (6): iranicaonline.org/articles/elm
- ^ J. Zielińksi, 'Ulmaceae', Flora Iranica, ed. K. H. Rechinger (Graz, 1979)
- ^ "Nouveaux arbres d'ornament". La Belgique Horticole. 29: 269. 1879.
- ^ "Beachtenswerte neue einführungen". Hamburger Garten- und Blumenzeitung. 35: 2–3. 1879.
- ^ "Notes". Garden and Forest. 2: 516. 1889.
- ^ a b Katalog (PDF). Vol. 108. Berlin, Germany: L. Späth Baumschulenweg. 1902–1903. pp. 132–133.
- ^ Späth, Ludwig (1930). Späth-Buch, 1720-1930. Berlin: Self published. pp. 311–313, 351–352.
- ^ Hesse, Hermann Albert (1932). Preis- und Sortenliste. pp. 96–97. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
- ^ Hesse, Hermann Albert (1933). Preis- und Sortenliste. pp. 91–92. Retrieved 27 February 2018.
- ^ Meyer, F. N. (1912). Seeds and plants imported during the period from January 1 to March 31, 1912: Inventory No.30, Nos 32829–32831. Bureau of Plant Industry - Bulletin No. 282. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1913.
- ^ a b c Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. 24 (6–8). Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University: 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
- ^ Späth, L., Catalogue 79 (1890-91; Berlin), p.114
- ^ Späth, L., Catalogue 89 (1892-93; Berlin), p.116
- ^ Späth, L., Catalogue 104 (1899–1900; Berlin), p.134
- ^ Photograph of 'Umbraculifera', arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu, 1941, p.74 [1]
- ^ Wyman, Donald (1951). "Elms grown in America" (PDF). Arnoldia. 11 (12). Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University: 87. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
- ^ Ulmus minor 'Umbraculifera' photographs, Michigan State University Plant Encyclopedia
- ^ Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (France). Collection: Vascular plants (P). Specimen P06880335; "Herbarium specimen - E00824878". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Sheet described as U. campestris umbraculifera (Späth); "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1853009". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled U. campestris umbraculifera, Scheitniger Park Breslau (1901); "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1853008". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled U. campestris umbraculifera (1913); "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1853010". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet described as U. campestris umbraculifera Späth, long shoots; "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1852996". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled U. campestris umbraculifera, Oudenbosch (1902); "Herbarium specimen - L.1586959". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet described as U. carpinifolia Gled. cv. 'Umbraculifera' (Trautv.) Zuiderpark, The Hague specimen formerly labelled U. densa (1940); U. densa var. bubyriana Litvinov kiki.huh.harvard.edu
- ^ "Herbarium specimen - L.1590678". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet described as U. campestris L. f. umbraculifera Späth, Leiden herbarium, from specimen in Scheitniger Park, Breslau (1901); "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1853008". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled U. campestris umbraculifera (1913)
- ^ a b Klehms' Nurseries, Arlington Heights, Illinois, Price list 1913, p.24
- ^ Schedae ad Herbarium Florae Rossicae, 8: 23, no. 2445, t.2, 1922
- ^ Rehder, Alfred (1939). "Rehder, new species, varieties and combinations". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 20: 88–89. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
- ^ 'Umbraculifera' in Missouri Botanical Garden; Beilmann. A. P., 'Some Ornamental Elms', Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin, Vol.32, No.4, April 1944; p.70
- ^ Bean, W. J. (1981). Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain, 7th edition. Murray, London.
- ^ rystonhall.co.uk/
- ^ Ryston Hall Arboretum catalogue. c. 1920. pp. 13–14.
- ^ Klehms' Nurseries, Arlington Heights, Illinois, Price list 1913, cover
- ^ Trees Magazine, May-June 1947: Vol 7 Issue 4; p.20
- ^ Trees Magazine, May-June 1947: Vol 7 Issue 4; cover
- ^ Gembrook or Nobelius Nursery, Melbourne, 1918 catalogue
- ^ Möller, Deutsche Gärtner-Zeitung, 20 February 1918
- ^ a b "Ulmus densa (U. campestris umbraculifera)". Bulletin of Foreign Plant Introductions. 78: 10. 1912.
- ^ "C. Die grosse Ulme unweit Eriwan". Gartenflora. 30: 3. 1881.
- ^ Photo of Ulmus densa var. nalband, plantarium.ru, image 511290
- ^ Washington Park Arboretum, depts.washington.edu
- ^ J. C. Raulston Arboretum, Friends of the Arboretum Newsletter, Number 22, August 1991, item 25; jcra.ncsu.edu
External links
- "Ulmus campestris var. umbraculifera". Acta Horti Petropolitani. 2: 590. 1873.