Ursoidea

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Ursoidea
Temporal range:
Ma
Life reconstruction of Cephalogale shareri
Brown bear (Ursus arctos)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Parvorder:
Ursida
Superfamily: Ursoidea
Fischer von Waldheim, 1817
Families

Ursoidea is a superfamily of arctoid carnivoran mammals that includes the families Subparictidae,[1][2] Amphicynodontidae,[3][2] and Ursidae. The last family includes the extant lineages of bears, as well as the extinct Hemicyoninae[4][5] and Ursavinae.[6]

The interrelationships of ursoids has had slight arrangements. In the past it was thought the extinct Amphicyonidae were stem-bears based on morphological analysis of the ear region,[7] though the most recent publications on early amphicyonids suggests they were basal caniforms.[8][9][10]

The amphicynodontids are sometimes classified as either a subfamily of bears,[3] a paraphyletic assemblage of early bears,[2] or even stem-pinnipeds.[11][12][13] The subparictids were previously classified as amphicynodontine/ids.[2] The hemicyonines have been occasionally reclassified as a separate family.[14]

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-521-43387-7. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help
    )
  2. ^
    S2CID 259025727
    .
  3. ^
    S2CID 91124592. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2020-02-19.
  4. S2CID 131561629
    .
  5. doi:10.3989/egeol.40553.181
    .
  6. ^ Qiu, Zhan-Xiang; et al. (2014). "A Late Miocene Ursavus skull from Guanghe, Gansu, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 52 (3): 265–302.
  7. S2CID 198160461
    .
  8. S2CID 86236545. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 20, 2007. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help
    )
  9. S2CID 86235694
    .
  10. PMID 27853569
    .
  11. ^ Tedford, R. H.; Barnes, L. G.; Ray, C. E. (1994). "The early Miocene littoral ursoid carnivoran Kolponomos: Systematics and mode of life" (PDF). Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History. 29: 11–32. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-22. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
  12. S2CID 4371413
    .
  13. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010009
    .
  14. ISBN 0-231-11013-8
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