User:반재서/Underground2
이스트 런던 선 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Overview | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stations | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Colour on A Stock | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ridership | 10,702,000[1] passenger journeys | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Opened | 1869 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Line length | {{{Length}}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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이스트 런던 선은 런던 지하철의 노선중의 하나였으나 2007년 12월 22일에 런던 오버그라운드망에 포함되기 위한 공사를 위해 문을 닫았다. 지하철에는 주황색으로 나타났었으며, 현재 그 자리에는 대체 버스 서비스를 나타내는 가는 실선 두개가 그어져 있다. 런던의 이스트 엔드부터 도크랜드까지를 포괄했었으며, 트래블카드 존 2에 노선 전체가 포함되어있었다. [2] for construction work, replaced by bus services.
As part of Transport for London's £10 billion investment programme, the East London Line is being extended. The new extended line will open in 2010, as the East London Railway[citation needed], and as part of the London Overground network. The line will change from a minor stub to a key transport artery, an orbital railway linking London's suburbs.
Opened in 1869 as the East London Railway, it runs under the
역사
이스트 런던 레일웨이의 성립
The East London Railway was created by the East London Railway Company, a consortium of six railway companies: the
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/A60_Stock_Interior_in_2007.jpg/300px-A60_Stock_Interior_in_2007.jpg)
The companies sought to reuse the
The tunnel was the most easterly land connection between the north and south banks of the Thames. It was close to London's docks on both banks of the river and was not far from mainline railways at either end. Converting the tunnel to a railway thus offered an ideal means of providing a cross-Thames rail link without having to go to the great expense of boring a new tunnel. On
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/East_london_railway_1915.jpg/200px-East_london_railway_1915.jpg)
The line's development progressed in several stages as money became available:
- 1869년 12월 7일: 초기 노선인 뉴 크로스 게이트 역(현재는 뉴 크로스 역)부터 와핑 역사이 구간이 개통되었으며 런던, 브라이턴 & 사우스 코스트 레일웨이(LB&SCR)가 운영했다. 중간역으로는 뎁포드 로드 역(현재는 서레이 콰이즈)와 로델히데 역이 있었다.
- South London Line's Old Kent Road railway station. Services were withdrawn in 1911 and the track was subsequently removed.
- Whitechapel
- New Cross(South Eastern Railway) opened.
- Whitechapel. This enabled Metropolitan Railway and Metropolitan District Railway(District) trains to commence through services to the East London Railway later that year. Although passenger services via this spur ceased in 1941, it was retained to transfer empty trains between the East London line and the rest of the sub-surface network.
초기의 사용
The East London Railway Company owned the infrastructure but it was operated by its controlling railways. Steam trains were initially operated by the GER, LB&SCR and the SER. The LB&SCR used their
Before the development of the
When the Metropolitan and District Railways were electrified in 1905-1906 they ceased using the ELR; LB&SCR and GER services continued and SER services recommenced on 3rd December 1906. The line was electrified on
After the 1923 Grouping the goods service was operated by London and North Eastern Railway, with the Metropolitan Railway continuing to provide passenger services.
The London Underground era
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London Underground
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In 1933 the East London Railway came under the control of the
Westbound services were steadily curtailed during the early part of the Underground era. The service to Hammersmith was reduced to peak hours only in 1936 and was withdrawn altogether in 1941, leaving the East London branch as an isolated appendage on the edge of the Underground network. Its only passenger interchange to the Underground was at Whitechapel, with interchanges to
The identity of the East London line changed considerably during the London Underground era. On Tube maps between 1933 and 1968 it was depicted in the same colour as the Metropolitan line. In 1970 it was renamed the "Metropolitan Line - East London Section", in Metropolitan line purple with a white stripe down the middle. In the 1980s it was renamed as a line in its own right (though it was still grouped operationally with the Metropolitan line) and from 1990 the colour changed to the present orange.
The maintenance of the line passed to the
According to TfL, the line carried 10.702 million passengers per year before its temporary closure in 2007. [1]
Physical characteristics
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/London_Underground_Zone_2.png/250px-London_Underground_Zone_2.png)
The East London line was the only Underground line not to enter
At time of closure, the line connected with
A link with the Metropolitan and District lines still exists just south of Whitechapel via the
Most of the line is double-tracked, with Shoreditch station and the final sections into the southern termini single-tracked, the latter because of lack of space. This required southbound trains to alternate between the two termini.
Rolling stock
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/LondonUnderground-AStock.jpg/200px-LondonUnderground-AStock.jpg)
The East London line used
Five four-car trains operated the line, some of the shortest trains on the network, necessitated by short platforms. The small number of trains made the line particularly sensitive to disruption caused by vandalism or train faults, as the withdrawal of a single train amounted to a 20% cut in capacity — the Metropolitan line would have to lose nine trains to suffer the same percentage cut. Trains were operated by just a driver: the decision to withdraw the guards prompted an unsuccessful strike by the National Union of Railwaymen in May 1985.[6]
Light maintenance and stabling took place at a small depot near New Cross, with heavier work at the main Metropolitan line depot at Neasden. Between 1985 and 1987 D78 stock operated the line before being replaced by A60 and A62 stock again.
New rolling stock
As part of the upgrade of the East London line new rolling stock will replace the A Stock, which will be 50 years old by the time Phase 1 is complete in 2010. It was announced on
The
Rail replacement bus services
- route ELW.
On Sunday
- ELCNew Cross Gate - New Cross - Surrey Quays - Canada Water (Monday-Friday every 5-10 minutes, weekends every 15 minutes).
- route 381.
- ELWWhitechapel - Shadwell - Wapping (every 10 minutes, evenings & weekends 15 minutes). Extended from Whitechapel to Shoredtich (Monday-Friday 0700-1030 & 1530-2030, Sunday 0700-1530) from 19 July 2008.
- [9] There is no cross-river replacement bus service.
Stations
In order from north to south
- 9 June 2006.
- Hammersmith & City Line.
- 1 October 1884. Interchange with Docklands Light Railway.
- 1 October 1884.
- 1 October 1884.
- 17 September 1999. Interchange with Jubilee line.
- 1 October 1884, renamed Surrey Docks in 1911.
- line splits
- Southernmainline services (mainline station was opened as New Cross in 1839, and renamed 1923).
- 1 October 1884. Interchange with Southeasternmainline services (mainline station was opened in 1850).
Extensions
The East London line is currently being extended in two phases. In Phase 1, due to be completed by June 2010, is northwards from Whitechapel to Highbury & Islington, and south to Crystal Palace and West Croydon. Phase 2, approved but reportedly only partially funded so far[10] runs west to Clapham Junction.[11] According to Transport Briefings, London Mayor Boris Johnson "has said he will lobby for projects including the East London Line Phase 2 extension".[12] In 2007 MP Martin Linton claimed that with funding Phase 2 could be completed by 2012.[13]
Proposals and problems
Extensions of the East London line have been discussed for many years. During the 1980s London Transport considered converting it into a light railway similar to the
The extension project was proposed several times during the 1990s but repeatedly fell through owing to a lack of government support and insufficient financing. In November 1990 Transport Secretary Cecil Parkinson rejected a proposed parliamentary Bill that would have authorised the project[17] and two years later the extension plans were postponed indefinitely owing to cutbacks in Tube funding.[18] Another proposal was made in 1993[19] and received the support of a public inquiry in 1994. The project was finally approved by the Government in 1996[20] but a lack of financing again forced the project to be put on hold in 1997.[21]
A solution to the funding issue was found in 1999 when London Transport announced that it was seeking private funds to realise the extension plans.[22] Control of the project was given to the Strategic Rail Authority rather than to London Underground, in view of the impact that it would have on mainline services. It was also proposed that the East London line and other sub-surface Underground lines would be transferred to Railtrack, the privatised company responsible for maintaining the mainline network. This would have seen the line being integrated with the London suburban commuter network.[23] However, it was soon decided that this was impractical and the Railtrack proposal was abandoned.[24]
Commencement of project
After the Government gave the go-ahead on
This triple extension project is the first London Underground project to be funded through a Private Finance Initiative scheme, though the recent
Because of an inability to extend the platforms at the existing
, announced that both stations will remain open, at least when Phase 1 of the project opens by June 2010.On
It is expected that the extension will greatly increase the usage of the line. The current figure of 10.4 million passengers per year is expected to increase to 35.4 million when the first phase of the extension project is completed, and 50 million when both phases are finished.[29]
On
Apart from the Braithwaite arches, the route of the northern extension was uncontroversial, as it reused the disused viaduct to the former
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png)
- through Forest Hill to West Croydon, with a spur from Sydenham to Crystal Palace, the selected route;
- through East Dulwich and Tooting to Wimbledon;
- through Denmark Hill to Clapham Junction;
- through Forest Hill and Norwood Junction to West Croydon.
Northern extension
In phase 1, the line is being extended northwards from Whitechapel, with new stations at
In mid-April 2008 the main structure of the bridge over Shoreditch High Street was complete. The ground on the approaches to the bridge had been largely cleared and significant sections of the approach viaducts had been built. The building of the station was at a very early stage.
Early in the project's life mention was made of the possibility of further extending the line from
Southern extension
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/EastLondonLineRouteMap.png/250px-EastLondonLineRouteMap.png)
In phase 1, the line will also be extended with a northbound flyover north of
There was some campaigning for this extension to go further, to Sutton, but estimates indicated that passenger usage would be so great that the line would be unable to take much traffic north of West Croydon and this option was not adopted.
The stations from New Cross Gate south are currently managed by
Western extension
In phase 2 of the extension project, a 2.5 km (1.5 mi) link is planned from south of
Initially it was planned to run this line via East Dulwich to Wimbledon, but this part of the plan has been shelved, probably permanently. In July 2006, the Government warned that this £250 million phase was unlikely to be approved before 2012. The extension is now to go ahead, as all funding has now been secured. [34]
Transfer to London Overground
When the extended line reopens, it will be part of London Overground rather than London Underground, having been rebuilt to Network Rail standards. The existing track and the Northern extension will remain under TfL ownership and the stations from Dalston Junction to Surrey Quays will be part of the London Overground network.[35]
Controversy
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2008) |
The radical changes to the line have sparked fierce debate. In September 2006, union activists protested against the Mayor of London. They said that this was a renewal of plans of effectively privatising the London Underground, although the Mayor dismissed these claims.[36]
External links
- East London line - London Underground website
- Clive's Underground Line Guides: East London line
- Thames foot tunnels
- East London line Project (official home page)
- East London line extensions map
- Transport Briefing Updates on East and North London Line developments
- East London Line addon for the train simulator BVE
- Official suspension notice
- The Brunel Museum - the museum is in the building in Rotherhithe that contained the pumps to keep the Thames Tunnel dry.
- ELL route through Shoreditch
References
- ^ a b c East London line facts, Transport for London
- ^ "East London Line alternative transport strategy update" (pdf). London Underground. 2006-11-27. Retrieved 2006-12-24.
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(help) - ^ "Railway And Other Companies. East London", The Times, Thursday, September 2, 1869; p. 5
- ^ Gordon, W.J. (1910). Our Home Railways (volume one). London: Frederick Warne and Co. pp. p 153.
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(help) - ISBN 0-7100-8378-5.)
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(help - 21 May 1985
- 25 October2006 Agenda Item 4, Page 5
- ^ £36m contract to bring extra rail carriages for London Overground
- ^ "Live travel news". Transport for London. Retrieved 2008-02-23.
- ^ "Replacement for doomed rail line 'is £50m short'", Southwark News, 4 September 2008
- ^ Richards, Claire (2007-07-09). "London Borough of Lambeth: East London Line extension". London Borough of Lambeth. Retrieved 2008-05-23. Archived 2008-05-23.
- ^ "Mayoral coup puts Boris in charge of London transport". Transport Briefing. 2008-05-05.
- ^ Silverman, Rosa (Tuesday 3rd July 2007). "Clapham Junction could be on Tube by 2012". Local Guardian. Retrieved 2008-05-23.
{{cite news}}
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(help) [http://www.webcitation.org/5Y1qLTM4v Archived 2008-05-23. - 5 February 1987
- 10 April 1987
- 22 December 1989
- 21 November 1990
- 14 November 1992
- 4 December 1993
- 16 January 1997
- 21 February 1997
- 8 February 1999
- 16 June 1999
- 1 December 1999
- ^ "Board meeting papers" (pdf). Transport for London. 2008-02-06. Retrieved 2008-02-13.
- ^ "East London line" (pdf). 5 Year Investment Programme. Transport for London. Retrieved 2006-12-24.
- ^ "East London Railway". Transport for London. Retrieved 2006-12-24.
- ^ TfL - Introducing 'London Overground'
- 16 November 2004
- 23 October 2006
- ^ "South Central Franchise Consultation" (pdf). Department for Transport. Retrieved 2008-05-22.
- ^ East London Line Extensions Phase 2
- ^ http://www.epolitix.com/EN/MPWebsites/Martin+Linton/CA661767-65AB-4468-A56A-CE641D68CA1F.htm
- 27 July 2006
- ^ London Overground signs standard
- 23 November 2006
Various sources have been used in the creation of this article, including the external links above,