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The History of Mangalorean Catholics comprises of three major eras. The first era consists of the
Ancestral roots
Traditional accounts of the ancestral roots of
The Aryans are thought to have first migrated to Goa beginning in 600 BCE, and continuing in several waves until 400
Pre-migration era
All records of an early existence of Christians in South Canara were lost at the time of their deportation by
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral_-_steel_engraving_by_American_Bank_Note_Company.jpg/220px-Pedro_%C3%81lvares_Cabral_-_steel_engraving_by_American_Bank_Note_Company.jpg)
It was only after the advent of the Portuguese in the region that Christianity began to be propagated.
In 1526, under the viceroyship of
Christianity in Goa
In 1510, the Portuguese wrested Goa from the Sultan of
Migration era
Many of the Goan ancestors of the present Mangalorean Catholics fled Goa because of the
The Christians who left Goa were skilled cultivators who abandoned their irrigated fields in Goa to achieve freedom. At the time of migration, Canara was ruled by the
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Milagres_Church%2C_Udupi.jpg/220px-Milagres_Church%2C_Udupi.jpg)
The
Post-migration era and captivity
The captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at
British and modern era
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/David_Baird_Discovering_Body_of_Tipoo_Saib.jpg/220px-David_Baird_Discovering_Body_of_Tipoo_Saib.jpg)
In the
The opening of the Protestant German
Till 1930 it was boom time when educated young Mangalorean Catholic men were drawn to Bombay from Mangalore in search of lucrative employment. It is to be noted however that the lower working class received no support from those of the upper class of their community in Bombay, Westernisation of habits and the rejection of the mother tongue was the reason for a sharp cleavage between the two classes. In 1930s, the profession taken up by the lower classes were as taxi drivers and fitters and as domestic service in homes. The men lived in koods mainly in Central and South Bombay. There were about 400 Mangalorean Catholics then in Bombay.Notes
- ^ Machado 1999, p. xiii: "In fact the Aryan Inheritance and the Lusitanian Legacy may be regarded as the first two of the three major eras in the history of our community, the third and final era being the southward migration to Mangalore and other parts of Kanara between the mid 16th and mid 18th centuries and the subsequent growth and development of the fledgling community."
- ^ a b Larsen 1998, p. 89
- ^ Kalyanaraman, S. (October 1997). "Sarasvati RIver (circa 3000 to 1500 B.C.)" (PDF). Sarasvati Sindhu Research Centre. p. 3. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
The river dried up in long stretches due to sand deposition (àndhi) and due to river piracy (Yamuna captured Sarasvati at PaontaSaheb and carried her to Prayag, Allahabad to join the Ganga; hence the myth of the sangamam of the three rivers, Sarasvati, Yamuna and Ganga).
- ^ Machado 1999, p. xiii: "Originating, so far as is known, from the banks of the legendary Sarasvati river, some members of this group moved south towards the Konkan coast and Goa, others moved east towards Bengal. Linguistic research provides ample evidence of the common origin of the two groups. It is from these two groups that the ancestory of the modern Mangalorean Catholic community derives."
- ^ Larsen 1998, p. 90
- ^ a b c Silva & Fuchs 1965, p. 4
- ^ a b c d South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973, p. 101
- ^ Machado 1999, p. 78
- ^ a b Machado 1999, p. 81
- ^ Kamath, J. (2002-09-16). "Where rocks tell a tale". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 2008-07-08.
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(help) - ^ a b c Farias 1999, p. 24
- ^ a b South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973, p. 52
- ^ Shastry & Borges 2000, p. 256
- ^ M.K. Dharma Raja. "Queen Abbakka's triumph over western colonisers" (Press release). Press Information Bureau. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
- ^ George 1992, p. 205
- ^ Rodrigues, Vernon (2009-03-02). Philip Myaboo (ed.). "Mangalorean Pagan Catholics, p.5". The Secular Citizen. 18 (9). Printed and published by Lawrence Coelho: 12.
- ^ ISBN 9788186778258 Contents taken from Sarasvati's Childrenarticle, written by Joe Lobo, the President of the Goan Catholic Association in Florida. This article has been borrowed mainly from Alan Machado's above book.
- ^ a b Silva & Fuchs 1965, p. 5
- ^ a b South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973, p. 102
- ^ Buchanan 1988, p. 23
- ^ Buchanan 1988, p. 24
- ^ a b c d e f g "Christianity in Mangalore". Diocese of Mangalore. Retrieved 2008-07-30.
- ^ Raviprasad Kamila (2004-11-27). "The holy heritage". The Hindu. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
- ^ Silva & Fuchs 1965, p. 9
- ^ Raviprasad Kamila (2005-11-30). "Jubilee celebrations at Milagres Church on Tuesday". The Hindu. Retrieved 2009-03-01.
- ^ Machado 1999, p. 132
- ^ Kurzon 2003, p. 77
- ^ Machado 1999, p. 167
- ^ a b South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973, p. 62
- ^ a b South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973, p. 63
- ^ South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973, p. 64
- Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
- ^ Forrest 1887, pp. 314–316
- ^ The Gentleman's Magazine 1833, p. 388
- ^ Machado 1999, p. 231
- ^ a b The Oriental Herald 1824, p. 14
- ^ )
- ^ Farias 1999, p. 74: "More than one third of the number succumbed before the party reached Seringapatam. This account of the siege and captivity of the Kanara Catholics is taken from old Kanarese manuscript written by a Catholic of the Barkur Taluka after his return from Seringapatam at the defeat and death of Tipu."
- ^ Scurry & Whiteway 1824, p. 103
- ^ Scurry & Whiteway 1824, p. 104
- ^ Account of a Surviving Captive, A Mr. Silva of Gangolim (Letter of a Mr. L.R. Silva to his sister, copy of which was given by an advocate, M.M. Shanbhag, to the author, Severino da Silva, and reproduced as Appendix No. 74: History of Christianity in Canara (1965))
- ^ a b Wellington & Gurwood 1834, p. 39
- Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
- ^ Machado 1999, p. xiv
- ^ "The Konkani Christians". Indian Catholic. Retrieved 2008-03-01.
- ^ "Mangalore Catholics commemorate bicentenary of their liberation". Union of Catholic Asian News. 1999-05-26. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
- ^ A Gazetteer of the World 1856, p. 254
- ^ Pai & Supriya 1981, p. 217
- ^ a b Silva 1961, p. 165
- ^ The Gentleman's Magazine 1833, p. 389
- ^ The Oriental Herald 1824, p. 15
- ^ The Oriental Herald 1824, p. 16
- ^ Bhat 1998, p. 156
- ^ Farias 1999, p. 90
- ^ South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973, p. 103
- ^ Farias 1999, p. 91
- ^ Farias 1999, p. 92
- ^ Farias 1999, p. 108
- ^ Farias 1999, p. 113
- ^ "College all set to celebrate 125th anniversary". The Hindu. 2004-01-08. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
- St. Aloysius College (Mangalore). Retrieved 2008-09-05.
- St. Aloysius College (Mangalore). Retrieved 2008-09-05.
- ^ "Mangalore Diocese". Catholic Bishops' Conference of India (C.B.C.I). Retrieved 2008-12-05.
- ^ The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, p. 360
- ^ Oddie 1991, p. 127
- ^ Pious Society of St. Paul & Catholic Church Bishops' Conference of India 1962, p. 191
- ^ Larsen 1998, Chapter 7: Migrants in Bombay, pp. 287-348
- ^ Larsen 1998, The 'Cultural Identity' of Mangaloreans in Bangalore, pp. 370-373
- ^ Farias 1999, p. 290
- ^ Farias 1999, p. 295
- ^ Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture 1983, p. 113
- ^ "Mangalore shut as Christians protest attack on church". Deccan Herald. 2008-09-15. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
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